toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...

1. 1) Magnesium sulphate lavage is done in poisoning with:
A Aniline
B Copper sulphate
C Ethyl Alcohol
D Sulphuric acid

2. Ans. A Aniline
Aniline- Magnesium sulphate,
CuSo4- 1% Pot ferrocyanide,
Sulphuric acid- C/I,

3. 2.Q. Pupil is pin-point in poisoning due to:
A Opium (Morphine)
B Dhatura
C Cocaine
D Amphetamine

4. Ans. A Opium (Morphine)

5. F = Formaldehyde
B = Barbiturates
.
C =Carbolic Acid
O = Organophosphorus
M = Opium

6. 3.Q. ‘Phossy jaw’ is seen in poisoning with:
A Mercury
B Lead
C White phosphorus
D Barium

7. C) White phosphorus

8. White Red
Protoplasmic
Poison
-Non toxic
-No smell
-Non luminous
-Yellow phosphorus = white+ Red
-Garlicky smell : Also seen in Celphos and arsenic poisoning
-Phossy Jaw
-Antidote : CuSO4 - BUT NOT TO BE USED ORALLY SINCE IT ITSELF IS A POISON
Rx
1) Vit.K
2) HEMODIALYSIS

9. 1) Phosphorus : MC
2) Mercury
3) Strontium
4) Antimony
5) Arsenic
FOUND IN CRACKERS

10. POTASSIUM CHLORATE
+
ANTIMONY SULPHATE

11. Phossy jaw, formally phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, is an occupational
disease of those who work with white phosphorus.
It was most commonly seen in workers in the match-stick industry

12. 4.Q. Preservative used for samples for alcohol poisoning is:
A Formalin
B Methyl alcohol
C Saturated solution of NaCI
D 10% carbolic acid

13. (Preservatives used in poisoning cases & Rabies-
- All poisoning cases = saturated soln. of common salt( MC used preservative)
- Acid poisoning- rectified spirit (95%ethanol + 5% methanol),
EXCEPT- Carbolic acid- Thymol.
- Blood for Alcohol- NaF.
- Urine- Thymol.
- Faeces- rectified spirit.
-Rabies- 50% glycerol saline,
- VIROLOGICAL : 80%GLYCERINE
-Histopathology = formalin /alcohol
-Anatomical specimen = 40% formalin
C Saturated solution of NaCI

14. Blood = 100ml
Urine = 100ml
Liver = 500gm
Intestine = 30cm
Half kidney both sides

15. 5.Q. Arsenic poisoning’ is distinguished from ‘Cholera’ by:
A Voice change
B Pain in throat after vomiting
C Tenesmus & anal irritation present
D Burning sensation preceding vomiting

16. C) Tenesmus & anal irritation
present

18. 6. The treatment of Methyl alcohol poisoning includes all EXCEPT:
A Haemodialysis
B Treatment of acidosis
C Ethyl alcohol
D Inj. Vit B12 in large doses

19. D Inj. Vit B12 in large doses

21. 7. Organophosphorus poisoning is characterised by all EXCEPT:
A Excessive salivation
B Excessive sweating
C Bronchoconstriction
D Fixed and dilated pupil

22. Ans. D Fixed and dilated pupil
(Organophosphorus poisoning-
SLUDGE-
Salivation,
Lacrimation,
Urination,
Diarrhoea,
GIT distress,
Emesis,
Constricted pupils.

23. 8. All are features of Atropine poisoning EXCEPT:
A Dry skin
B Miosis
C Delirium
D Dry eye

24. Ans. B Miosis
Atropine poisoning involves Mydriasis not miosis
Atropine poison means Dhatura poisoning, the chief
signs & symptoms of Dhatura poisoning are-
Hot as a hare,
Blind as a bat,
Dry as a bone,
Red as a beet,
Mad as a wet hen,
Dilated pupils.

25. 9.Q. Mucous membrane of stomach is dark-brown or black in poisoning due to:
A Sulphuric acid
B Nitric acid
C Oxalic acid
D Carbolic acid

26. Ans. A Sulphuric acid
Colour of mucosae in various corrosives-
1. Sulphuric acid = H2SO4 = Oil of vitriol; tongue swollen and
black or dark-brown.
2. Nitric acid (aqua fortis) - Xanthoproteic reaction-
yellow discolouration due to picric acid.
3. Carbolic Acid = Phenol.
a. Carbolism- white opaque eschar.
b. Carboluria= green urine.

27. -Oil of Vitriol
-Vitriolage : Throwing corrosive on another person
-MC symptom dur to ingestion : Pharyngeal Pain
-Brown discoloration of stomach
-Only local symptoms…no systemic effects
-Maximum chance of stomach perforation among all corrosives
-Mucosa will be burnt : Bloating Paper appearance
-Gastric lavage and alkali administration is contra indicated
-Antidote = MgO

29. -PHENOL
-Only corrosive where gastric lavage can be done.
-Metabolites : Pyrocatechol
Hydroquinone
-Ochronosis : Hydroquinone deposits in cartilages.
-Carboluria : Both metabolites when excreted in urine gives Green colour
-Delays decomposition
-Causes miosis
-Fatal dose : 1-2ml
-Fatal period: 3-4hrs
Mnemonic : 1-2-3-4

30. -Acid of Sugar/ Acid of Sorrel
-Presnt in Tomato/ Cabbage/ Spinach
-Oxalate reacts with calcium and thus causes Hypocalcemia
-Used as Ink remover
-Coffee ground vomiting: Blood + vomiting
-Antidote: Calcium Gluconate
Coffee ground vomiting

31. -Aqua Fortis
-Gives brown color to urine
-Xanthoproteic reaction : Skin becomes Yellow
-Brown mucosa

32. Seen in Boric Acid
Poisonings

33. 10. Gastric walls are whitish, leathery in poisoning due to:
A Sulphuric acid
B Nitric acid
C Carbolic acid
D Hydrochloric acid

34. C Carbolic acid

35. 11. Perforated nasal septum may be due to overdose poisoning due to:
A Anticholinergics
B Solvent abuse
C Cocaine abuse
D Methanol

36. C Cocaine abuse

37. -CNS Stimulant
-Mech. ; Dopamine/Serotonin/Nor epinephrine
-Vasoconstrictor
-Derives from leaves of erythoxylum cocca
-Tactile hallucinations: also k/a Cocaine bugs/magnan bugs
-Paranoid delusions : is the fixed, false belief that one is being
harmed or persecuted by a particular person or group of people.
-If sniffed can cause Nasal septum perforation
-On oral intake : Black jet tongue
-Antidote = Amyl Nitrate

39. 12. Both hepatic and renal failures can be caused by which of the following:
A Paracetamol toxicity
B Carbon tetrachloride
C Arsenic
D Copper sulphate
E Silver nitrate

40. Ans. D Copper sulphate
PCM, CCl4, AgNO3 - liver failure.
As - kidney failure.
CuSO4- both hepatic & Renal failure.
CuSO4
CuSO4 even though poison is used as antidote for phosphorus poisoning
But not to be given orally as an antidote.
-Green line on gums
-Golden colour hairs
-Ptysalism : increase salivation

41. 13. ‘Charas’ is:
A Leaves of Cannabis indica
B Flowers of Cannabis indica
C Stem of Cannabis indica
D Resin exudates of cannabis indica

42. D Resin exudates of cannabis indica

43. -Principle : 9-tetra-hydro-cannabinol
-Leaves = Bhang
-Stem exudate = charas
-Female flower top= Ganja
-Sweet = Majoon
- Burnt rope smell
-Antidote : Diazepam
-Run amok : Psychiatric problem
-Amotivational syndrome

44. Leaves = Bhang
Stem exudate = charas

45. 14. Hyperbaric Oxygen is used in which of the following:
A Carbon monoxide poisoning
B ARDS
C Anaerobic infection
D Pneumonia

46. A Carbon monoxide poisoning

47. Carbon monoxide poisoning
-Safety limit in air = 0.01%
-Muscle weakness = 4%
-Alcohol intoxication features = 50%
-Coma and death = 60%
-Cherry red colour postmortem discoloration
-Lenticular nucleus necrosis
-Rx
1) hyperbaric O2
2) Vitamin E

48. 15. Sodium fluoride may be used for preservation of:
A Cyanide
B Arsenic
C Alcohol
D Urine

49. C Alcohol
NaF is used for preserving alcohol in blood and glucose in blood.

50. (Preservatives used in poisoning cases & Rabies-
- All poisoning cases = saturated soln. of common salt( MC used preservative)
- Acid poisoning- rectified spirit (95%ethanol + 5% methanol),
EXCEPT- Carbolic acid- Thymol.
- Blood for Alcohol- NaF.
- Urine- Thymol.
- Faeces- rectified spirit.
-Rabies- 50% glycerol saline,
- VIROLOGICAL : 80%GLYCERINE
-Histopathology = formalin /alcohol
-Anatomical specimen = 40% formalin
C Saturated solution of NaCI

51. 16. A bus passenger who was offered sweets by a co-passenger presented
with dilated pupils and facial flushing after being duped.
He was duped with:
A Cocaine
B Belladonna
C Dhatura
D Opium

52. C Dhatura

53. Dhatura poisoning
Hot as a hare,
Blind as a bat,
Dry as a bone,
Red as a beet,
Mad as wet hen.
Pyrexia + contracted pupils = Phenobarbitone poisoning;
Pyrexia + dilated pupils = Datura poisoning.

54. -Principle : Hyoscine/Atropine/Hyoscyamine/Scopola
-So all anti-cholinergic effects are seen
-Lethal Dose = 100-125seeds
-Seeds resembles chilly seeds
Antidote: Physostigmine/Pilocarpine

55. DATURA SEEDS
CHILLY SEEDS

56. 17. Atropine is used for following EXCEPT:
A Organophosphorous poisoning
B Mushroom poisoning
C Physostigmine overdose
D Glaucoma

57. D Glaucoma
Atropine is contraindicated in Glaucoma and
indicated for the treatment of Organophosphorus poisoning,
Mushroom poisoning &
Physostigmine overdose.

58. 18. To preserve specimen, concentration of formalin used is:
A 1%
B 5%
C 10%
D 40%

59. Ans. C 10%
Specimens for pathological examination and Museums specimens
are preserved in 10% Formalin.
Formalin is ordinarily available as a 40% solution from the market,
it is diluted to 10% for use in preservation of specimens.
Formalin is never used to preserve toxicological specimens as it would
denature the poisons and make the estimation of poisons difficult.)

60. 19. Most Specific test for Organophosphorus poisoning:
A Plasma cholinesterase
B RBC cholinesterase
C Acetylcholine at myoneural junction
D Histochemistry

61. A Plasma cholinesterase

62. 20. Acrodynia is seen in:
A Lead poisoning
B Mercury poisoning
C Cyanide poisoning
D Tin poisoning

63. B Mercury poisoning

64. -Donovan solution = Mercury + Arsenic
-MC mercuric salt causing poisoning is = HgCl2
Mu = Minimata Disease
Mmy = Mercuria Lentis
H = Hatter Shake
E = Erethism
A = Acrodynia
D = Danbury Tremors
- Blue-Black line on gums.

65. MINIMATA DISEASE
Minimata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury
poisoning.
Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle
weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to
hearing and speech.

66. MINIMATA DISEASE

67. MERCURIA LENTIS
-deposition of brown pigment on anterior lens capsule without affecting
visual acuity.
- Brown malt reflex.

68. HATTER SHAKE
Tremor (Intentional, coarse, affecting arms, hands, tongue and later legs,
also called hatter's shake/glass blower's shake/danbury tremors)
ERETHISM
Erethism : Psychological disturbance characterised by shyness, timidness,
loss of memory, depression, insomnia.

69. Acrodynia (Pink disease, characterised by pain, paraesthesia, pinkish
discolouration of hands and feets)

70. 1) Lead
2) Mercury
3) Iron
4) copper