In this lesson, you will learn about the climate in advance. This is a very interesting lesson that you will have memories about in all school levels that you were in. You will learn a new thing in this lesson that you didn`t learn it before. In this lesson, you will learn types, influences, zones, and factors of climate and etc. This presentation has so many slides because I want to show you many things that I like about climate.

1. LESSON 2, CHAPTER 15, UNIT 5: CLIMATE
BY ALI MOHAMED ALI IN GRADE 10

2. INTRODUCTION = LESSON OBJECTIVE
 We are going to recall our past memory in grade 9 from our Geography book relate to this lesson.
 We are going to recall a video that we saw it in grade 9.
 We are going to advance learn about climate.
 We are going to know climate is a key abiotic factor that affects the biosphere.
 We are going to know that climate is the prevailing weather of a region.
 We are going to know that Earth has three main climate zones.
 We are going to watch a video about climate.
 We are going to summarize this lesson in questions and answers.
 We may answer the questions in three groups.

3. PAST MEMORIES FROM GEOGRAPHY

4. PAST MEMORIES FROM GRADE 9

5. VIDEO FROM OUR PAST MEMORIES (FORMATION OF THE SEASON)

6. IMPORTANT THINGS ABOUT CLIMATE

7. INFORMATION ABOUT CLIMATE
 Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.
 It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure,
wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over
long periods of time.
 Climate differs from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables
in a given region.
 A region's climate is generated by the climate system, which has five components: atmosphere,
hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
 The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as nearby water bodies
and their currents.
 The most commonly used classification scheme was the Köppen climate classification.

8. TWELVE TYPES OF CLIMATE
 Tropical wet
 Tropical wet and dry
 Semiarid
 Desert (arid)
 Mediterranean
 Humid subtropical
 Marine West Coast
 Humid continental
 Subarctic
 Tundra
 Icecap
 Highland

9. KEY CONCEPT
CLIMATE IS A KEY ABIOTIC FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE BIOSPHERE

10. WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED AT THE PREVIOUS LESSON?
= Climate

11. QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED
Q: Why is climate a key abiotic
factor?
A: Because climate is a part of the
environment that affect living organisms
and ecosystems, while not being alive
themselves, like rocks, wind, temperature,
and rain. The environment can happen
the same thing as in the example, the
weather in the desert in the gulf region
such as Saudi Arabia affected the whole
middle east in the summer making it very
warm weather.
Q: How climate change affect the
biosphere?
A: It all depends on the way that
people take care of the
biosphere (environment) that
affects the weather on a current
country until it affect the climate
making it different by the
weather.

12. MAIN IDEA 1
CLIMATE IS THE PREVAILING WEATHER OF A REGION

13. VOCABULARY
Climate
The climate is the
long-term pattern
of weather
conditions in a
region.
Microclimate

14. INFORMATION ABOUT MICROCLIMATE
 Even within a specific region, climate conditions
may vary dramatically.
 A microclimate is the climate of small specific
place within a larger area.
 A microclimate may be as small as a hole in a
decaying log where mushrooms grow.
 The cavity in the log provides a humid
microclimate that supports the growth of
mushrooms.
 Microclimate can be very important to living
things.
 The same grassy meadow, for example, may be
home to both frogs and grasshoppers.
Figure 2.1 in page 430 of your book

15. FACTORS AND EXAMPLES OF MICROCLIMATE
 Microclimates exist, for example, near bodies of water which may cool the local atmosphere, or in heavy
urban areas where brick, concrete, and asphalt absorb the sun's energy, heat up, and re-radiate that heat
to the ambient air: the resulting urban heat island is a kind of microclimate.
 For example, South-facing slopes in the Northern Hemisphere and north-facing slopes in the Southern
Hemisphere are exposed to more direct sunlight than opposite slopes and are therefore warmer for
longer periods of time, giving the slope a warmer microclimate than the areas around the slope.
 The effect of hedges/shelter.
 The effect of physical features.
 The effect of surface Light surfaces such as grass reflect heat.
 The effect of aspects and buildings.

16. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF CLIMATE AND MICROCLIMATE
Same
 They both are affecting the
temperature of places.
 They both change the
weather of more than one
place.
Different
 Climate can be considered for a wider
area like for the whole city but micro-
climate is something which exist over a
small area.
 The climate for south Norway is rather wet
because we are on the path of the low pressures
moving along the polar front. That is climate.
 The most sunny place in Sweden is the island of
Koster, all the precipitations happen before
passing over the mountains. That is
microclimate

17. MAIN IDEA 2
EARTH HAS THREE MAIN CLIMATE ZONES

18. THREE CLIMATE ZONES
Polar Climate
The polar climate regions are characterized
by a lack of warm summers. Every month in
a polar climate has an average temperature
of less than 10 °C (50 °F). Regions with polar
climate cover more than 20% of the Earth.
This climate is so cold because for half the
year, the Sun does not rise above the
Tropical Climate
A tropical climate in the Köppen
climate classification is a non-arid
climate in which all twelve months
have mean temperatures of
warmer than 18 °C (64 °F). In
tropical climates there are often
only two seasons: a wet season and
a dry season.
Temperate Climate
In geography, the temperate
or tepid climates of Earth
occur in the middle latitudes,
which span between the
tropics and the polar regions

19. CLIMATE ZONES EARTH DIAGRAM
Textbook page 431

20. INFLUENCE OF SUNLIGHT
Importance
 Keep the earth at average climate.
 Keep the people`s body temperature moderate
from cold weather.
 Exposure to sunlight is thought to increase the
brain’s release of a hormone called serotonin.
 Gives you vitamins and calcium.
 Due to this connection, one of the main
treatments for depression with seasonal pattern
is light therapy.
Affects
 Keep the earth at average climate.
 Makes you feel calm.
 Causes damages to the world especially nature
at extreme hot climate.
 Make our world bright as a light.
 Without enough sun exposure, your serotonin
levels be Low that are associated with a higher
risk of major depression (formerly known as
SAD).

21. AIR AND WATER MOVEMENT
 When the Sun heats Earth, it warms not only
the land and the rocks but also the water and
the air.
 The heat of the sun created movements in air
and water.
 Warm air and warm water are less dense
(closely compacted in substance) then cooler
air and water, and therefore they rise.
 As the warm air rises, it cools.
 Since cold air holds less moisture than warm
air does, a large amount of precipitation drops
as rain.

22. LANDMASSES PART 1
Western slope Eastern slope

23. LANDMASSES PART 2
 The highest peak of the Ural Mountains -
Mount Manaraga.
 Landmasses shapes climate.
 For example, areas closer to bodies of water
have a different climate from areas farther
away because land tends to heat and cool
more quickly than water.
 Water evaporates from open bodies such as
lakes or ocean faster than it does from soil or
through plant transcription.
 As a result, costal sites in general have higher
humidity and receive more precipitation than
inland areas.

24. ADAPTATIONS TO CLIMATE
These penguins in this picture stayed in very cold climate for long time of
period until they adapt to it. Only penguins and very few other creatures live in
very cold climate.
-19°C

25. VIDEO ABOUT CLIMATE
 Go to page 432 of your
textbook for Quick Lab
Observing.
 Go to page 433 of your
textbook for Data Analysis and
its questions.
 You can do them, if you like to.
 If done, show it.

26. SUMMARY (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)
1. What are the climate zones of the world and define their aspects?
Answer: Polar climate = coldest zone, Tropical climate = warmest zone, Temperate climate = medium zone.
2. What are the factors of climate zones? (List 3 of them)
Answer: Temperature, sunlight, wind or water current, moisture, soil type, nutrients availability.
3. Give an example of landmasses shapes climate.
Answer: For example, areas closer to bodies of water have a different climate from areas farther away
because land tends to heat and cool more quickly than water.
4. What are the elements of climate?
Answer: Solar radiation, air masses, pressure system, ocean currents, topography.

27. GET READY TO BE IN THE GROUP
YOU ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS. MEMBERS OF THE GROUP ARE SELECTED BY THE PRESENTER.

28. GROUP 1 (ENUMERATION)
WHAT ARE THE TWELVE TYPES OF CLIMATE?
 Tropical wet
 Tropical wet and dry
 Semiarid
 Desert (arid)
 Mediterranean
 Humid subtropical
 Marine West Coast
 Humid continental
 Subarctic
 Tundra
 Icecap
 Highland

29. GROUP 2 (FILL IN THE BLANK)
When the _________ Earth, it warms not
only the ____ and the _____ but also the
_____ and the ___. This _______ causes
_________ in both _____ and ___. ________
and __________ are less _____ then
__________ and _____, and therefore they
____. Since the _______ near the _______
are especially ____, the ________ here _____
and the __________ from area to the _____
or ___________ in to take its _____.
 Sun
 Heats
 Land
 Rocks
 Water
 Air
 Heating
 Movement
s
 Water
 Air
 Warm
 Air
 Warm
 Water
 Dense
 Cooler
 Air
 Water
 Rise
 Tropics
 Equator
 Warm
 Warm
 Air
 Rises
 Cooler
 Air
 North
 South
 Moves
 Place

30. GROUP 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Q: How can we survive in our climate?
A. Put a lot of dusty sands in your mouth to
survive.
B. Make yourself have a lot of stress in life to
survive.
C. Adapt to an environment that allow us to
survive.
D. Go and live in the whale`s mouth forever to
survive.
Answer: C
Q: Why is microclimate very important to
living things?
A. It allow them to live better in an
environment.
B. It came from word climate similar to this
word.
C. It have a lot of factors and zones like
climate.
D. It makes the climate our area smaller.
Answer: A