WORLD DENTAL CONGRESS ABSTRACT FCO90 PUBLISHED

P098AWDC 2015 – Abstract book
23 September 2015
FREE COMMUNICATION SESSIONS 21–40 and POSTER SESSIONS 17–32
FREE COMMUNICATIONS SESSIONS 21–40
Free Communication Session 21 – Room 215 | 2015-09-23 |
9:30-10:30
Theme: Dental Treatment & Restorative Dentistry – Prosthetics
FC081
Common Complications In Denture Wearing Patients
Muhammad Hassan Memon, Muhammad Haris Bin Habib
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro,
Sindh, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: Complete dentures are offered to improve the
quality of patients’ life but at the same time may affect patients’
life inversely |1|. Many denture related problems such as denture
retention, stability, pain, occlusion, mastication, esthetics, speech
and poor oral hygiene have been reported |2| |3|. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the clinical quality of dentures and finding
complications in them.
Materials and method: This study was carried out from July 2012
to June 2013. After informed consent, all patients with complete
dentures, attending dental OPD of Liaquat University of medical
and health sciences Hyderabad were included in the study.
Detailed clinical history, complete intra oral and prostheses exami-
nation was carried out.
Results: A total of 72 patients were included. Of them 69% (50/
72) were male and 31% (22/72) were female. Age range was (41–
80 years). Duration of denture placement was as follows; 1–5Y,
30 (42%), 6–10Y, 16 (22%), 11–15Y, 14 (19%), 16 and above Y,
12 (17%). Major complications were as follow; severe pain upper
denture was noticed in 47.2% (32), and 43% (31) reported sever
pain in lower denture. 31.9% (23) patients had poor prostheses
hygiene, 15% (11) had poor oral hygiene. 19.4% (14) patients
presented poor retention of lower denture and 16.6% (12) with
poor retention of upper denture.
Summary and conclusions: There are many problems related to
treatment with complete dentures. Complete denture even the best
made may not provide optimal ability to speak, masticate, and
socialize. Unavoidable ridge resorption further decrease oral func-
tion if dentures do not remain retentive and stable.
FC082
Multidisciplinary Approach in Restoring Fractured Endodontically
Treated Lateral Incisor
Mahesh Mundathaje1
, Supriya Nambiar2
, Chakradhar Sana3
1
Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal College of Dental
Sciences, Mangalore, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, India,
2
Department of Orthodontics, Manipal College of Dental
Sciences, Mangalore, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, India,
3
Department of Periodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,
Mangalore, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, India
Aim and purpose: Background: Restorative difficulties are most
evident when the tooth is endodontically treated and fractured in
the esthetic region. The interface between tooth and periodontium
plays very important role at this situation.
Materials and method: Case presentation: A 29 year old man with
fractured left lateral incisor reported to the dept. prosthodontics
clinics of MCODS, Mangalore, India. Due to insufficient crown
height, it was planned for orthodontic extrusion and crown length-
ening procedures.
Results: Orthodontic phase: Temporary dowel was cemented with
zinc polycarboxylate cement for the anchorage purpose and to
carry out orthodontic extrusion. Orthodontic extrusion was done
for a period of 3 weeks. After satisfactory orthodontic extrusion,
it was decided to undergo crown lengthening procedure to get
more crown length.
Periodontic phase: Laser crown lengthening was preferred choice
because of less trauma or bleeding and fast recovery and less num-
ber of further appointment.
Prosthodontic phase: Temporary dowel was replaced with fibre
post cemented with resin cement (Relyx). Core build up was done
with composite resin. Crown preparation was done and provision-
alized to give proper gingival contour at the cervical margin. There
was unintended healing around the cervical margin and proper
emergence profile around the finish line after a week. Final impres-
sion made with polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Final pros-
thesis cementation was done with acceptable esthetic result.
Summary and conclusions: Clinical relevance: Restorative difficul-
ties were overcome by multidisciplinary approach in this case
report. Esthetic result was achieved through proper restoration
with fiber post and composite core build up and all ceramic
crown.
International Dental Journal 2015; 65 (Suppl. 2): 55--107
© 2015 The authors. International Dental Journal © 2015 FDI World Dental Federation
55

FC083
Evaluation of Effect of Astringent on Oral Mucosa as a
Nonsurgical Pre-prosthetic Treatment Modality in Edentulous
Patients: An In Vivo Study
Usha Radke
Dept. of Prosthodontics, VSPMDCRC, Nagpur, India
Aim and purpose: To evaluate effect of Astringent on Oral
Mucosa as a Nonsurgical Pre-prosthetic Treatment Modality in
Edentulous Patients.
Materials and method: Thirty completely edentulous male patients
participated in this study. Each patient was asked to massage with
astringent gel on the denture bearing mucosa over a 4 weeks period.
Exfoliative cytology was used to collect the surface cells from the
palatal mucosa. First scrape was taken before the stimulation treat-
ment was started. The second and third scrape was taken after the
stimulation treatment with astringent gel for each patient. In this
way total 90 scrapes were made and the each smear was stained with
the Papanicolaou’s technique to examine under light microscope.
Results: The number of parabasal cells, intermediate cells and
superficial cells were recorded to calculate the degree of keratiniza-
tion. Statistical analysis was performed. A significant difference
(p = 0.001) in keratinization levels was found. The mean percent-
age of superficial cells before the stimulation treatment was
79.80%; this percentage was gradually increased to 84.60 and
90.57% after the 2 and 4 weeks period of stimulation treatment
respectively with astringent gel.
Summary and conclusions: Stimulation of the denture bearing
mucosa with astringent gum massage resulted in gradual increase
in keratinization. So, patients should be advised to use astringent
gum massage as a pre-prosthetic measure to maintain the kera-
tinization of the denture bearing mucosa.
FC084
Tooth and Skin Color Values of Makassar Tribe
Ery Hendra Jubhari, Wahipa Wiro, Briliyanti Horas, Chusnul
Chotimah, Armawati Arafi, Jevin Stivie Cialy
Faculty of Dentistry – Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Aim and purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the
relationship between teeth color and skin color values in Makassar
tribe.
Materials and method: The study was an observational analytic
with cross-sectional design. The samples were chosen by using
purposive sampling method. Seventy eight samples were examined
on May 2012 in Bontoramba, Jeneponto district, South Sulawesi,
Indonesia, by using the Vita-Lumina shade guide for teeth color
and Garnier FD344 1 10,122,007 for skin color test.
Results: The results according to the collected data that held in
Makassar tribe society with 78 sample based on gender, age, and
skin color showed that the distribution of teeth value in respondents
mostly in the highest value (A1, B1, A2, B2 color) were 71,2%, while
the skin value mostly in a dark skin color (78.1%). Furthermore, the
data analyzed by chi-square test found that teeth color value were
not related with skin color value in Makassar tribe (p > 0.05).
Summary and conclusions: Skin color were not a definitive indica-
tor in determining the teeth color of Makassar tribe in Bon-
toramba, Jeneponto district, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
9:30-10:30
Theme: General Dentistry and Oral Health
FC085
Comparison of Gonial Angle Determination from Cephalograms
and Orthopantomogram of Patients under Orthodontic Treatment
Shoaib Durrani1
, Mansoor Majeed2
, Imtiaz Ahmed3
1
Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, 2
Dr Ishrat ul Ebad
Institute of Oral and Health Sciences, Dow University of Health
Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, 3
Dow University of Health Sciences,
Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: The gonial angle is the angle between an imagi-
nary tangential line along the inferior border of the mandible and
along the posterior border of the mandibular ramus. The aim of
the current research is to compare and to find out the possible
application of Orthopantomogram for gonial angle and compare it
from cephalogram in Orthodontics Patients of a Public Sector
Dental Institute.
Materials and method: Lateral cephalograms and orthopentomo-
grams of 103 patients 27 males and 76 females were analysed. The
gonial angle was find out in panoramic radiographs from two tan-
gents drawn from the codyle’s posterior borders and right and left
ramus and inferior border of the mandible. Landmarks in the
cephalogram were identified and spotted. Cephalometric protractor
and calipers were used to mark and measure the angles. Angles and
other parameters were re checked to counter any miss measurement.
Results: In lateral cephalograms the mean value of gonial angle
was 121.77° and in panoramic radiographs 122.18°. In females
the difference among the mean gonial angle in both radiograph
was 1.20 and in males 1.224 and the difference among the two
genders was 0.02°. As p > 0.05 for all the variables stated above,
these differences were not significant.
Summary and conclusions: It is settled that the OPG may be con-
sider to evaluate the gonial angle as correctly as a lateral cephalo-
gram because in the values of gonial angles measured both
radiographs there in no significant differences. The plus point in
OPG is that it is more accurate in evaluating patient’s gonial
angles without any overlaid images.
FC086
A Prospective Experimental Comparative Study on the Clinical
Effects of Calculus Dissolution Based Oral Rinse in Gingivitis
Patients
Rajiv Saini
Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Pravara
Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
Aim and purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate clinically the
efficacy of calculus dissolution based oral rinse in gingivitis
56

patients in conjugation with conventional oral hygiene measures
after professional oral prophylaxis.
Materials and method: After ethical approval of the study protocol
from the ethical committee of the University and research cell; it
was done in Periodontology department, Pravara Institute of Med-
ical Sciences, Maharashtra, India. After informed consent sixty
systemically healthy gingivitis subjects with predetermined inclu-
sion criteria were enrolled in the study. After complete oral pro-
phylaxis all the subjects were grouped in two groups (Group A
and B) by block randomization according to the study design with
and without use of calculus dissolution oral rinse followed by con-
ventional oral hygiene measures. Clinical parameters recorded in
the study were Gingival Index, Plaque Index and Calculus Index
at base line, three months and six months.
Results: Results of the study concluded that there were statistically
significant reduction (i.e. p < 0.01) in the clinical parameters with
subjects (Group A) that were using the calculus dissolution based
oral rinse along with conventional oral hygiene as compared to
the subjects that were only following conventional oral hygiene
measures (Group B).
Summary and conclusions: Regular home use of oral rinse with
anti-calculus properties will be effective to prevent mineralization
and further suppress calculus formation in order to prevent gingi-
val inflammation.
FC087
Applied Drama in Thai Dental Curriculum: Thammasat University
Experience
Sutee Suksudaj, Matana Kettratad, Nattira Suksudaj, Woranuch
Chetpakdeechit, Piya Siriphant
Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Patumthani,
Thailand
Aim and purpose: As recommended by UNESCO in 1999 that
“Arts” should be fully integrated into classrooms to enhance cre-
ativities as well as esthetic views of and global citizen mind-set for
learners in any curriculum. At the faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat
in Thailand, applied drama has been trained by The institute of
Arts and Culture for Development (MAYA group) as part of the
predoctoral curriculum since 2011.
Materials and method: This presentation illustrated how “Thea-
tre” for social development was applied to the teaching and learn-
ing of Dental Public Health especially in the area of Health
Communication.
Results: This report showed that new generations (cohorts of 420
Thammasat, Dentistry classes of 2015 to 2020) had been per-
formed outstandingly, as stated in the learning objectives of the
community field work, as assessed by the community leaders and
members as well as faculty members.
Summary and conclusions: For Faculty of Dentistry Thammasat
University, “Drama/Theatre” has been considered as one of the
student’s essential skills for personal and professional develop-
ment.
FC088
The Experiential Activity Planner (EAP) in Thammasat DDS and
Tobacco Cessation for Dental Graduates in Thailand
Piya Siriphant, Sutee Suksudaj, Matana Kettratad, Woranuch
Chetpakdeechit, Nattira Suksudaj
Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Patumthani,
Thailand
Aim and purpose: Experiential Activity Planner (EAP) created and
developed by MAYA Group of Thailand has been used to facili-
tate learning process in diverse context from commercial to aca-
demic settings.
Materials and method: This study showed in depth its applications
on tobacco cessation counseling for pre-post DDS graduates train-
ing in Thailand since 2005.
Results: The presentation will illustrate six key steps of EAP and
outcome assessment in penta-dimensions of learning process and
outcome achievements in 7 dental schools in Thailand during
2005–2015.
Summary and conclusions: EAP could be considered as a powerful
training course for dental students.
9:30-10:30
Theme: Implantology - Oral Pathology
FC089
Spectrum of Salivary Gland Lesions in Pakistan: Six-Years-Data
(2009–2014)
Syed Muhammad Ali Naqvi1
, Muhammad Asif Qureshi2
, Talat
Mirza3
, Tazeen Musstansar3
, Anwar Ali4
1
Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute
of Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University of Health
Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan, 2
Department of Pathology,
Dow International Medical College (DIMC), Dow University of
Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan, 3
Department of
Histopathology, Dow International Medical College (DIMC),
Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi. Email: talat.
mirza@duhs.edu.pk Mob: 03332184453, 4
Department of Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of
Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University of Health
Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: Data regarding spectrum of salivary gland
lesions is scanty in Pakistan. This study will therefore pool data
into national and international statistics for salivary glands disor-
ders and describe pathology based spectrum of salivary gland-le-
sions in Pakistani population.
Materials and method: The study was conducted at the Department
of Histopathology; Dow diagnostics, reference and research labora-
tory (DDRRL) Karachi, the largest government based reference lab-
oratory of Sindh, Pakistan. All salivary gland lesions received at the
laboratory during 2009–2014 were included in the study.
Results: A total of 370 samples were investigated. Of these, a total
of 104 (28%) were non-neoplastic and 266 (72%) were neoplastic
lesions. Out of 104 non-neoplastic lesions, 61 cases (58.6%) were
57

inflammatory and 43 (41.3%) were mucoceles. Out of 61 inflam-
matory lesions, chronic sialadenitis, 48 (78.6%) was the most
common condition. Submandibular gland was the most common
effected site. For mucoceles, lower lip was the most common site.
Of the 266 neoplastic lesions, 209 (78.5%) were benign while 57
(21.4%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the common-
est benign lesion, 188 (89.9%) where parotid gland effected in
majority, 132 (70.2%). In malignant tumours, 21 cases (36.8%)
of Adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common malignant
lesion. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 18 cases (31.5%) was the sec-
ond most common malignant lesion. In former submandibular
gland effected in majority followed by parotid gland in latter
malignant lesion.
Summary and conclusions: Chronic sialadenitis was the most com-
mon non-neoplastic lesion, pleomorphic adenoma was the most
common benign lesion and adenoid cystic carcinoma (followed by
mucoepidermoid carcinoma) was the most common malignant
lesion.
FC090
Clinical Studies of Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestation in
Thalassemia from Population of Karachi Pakistan
Syed Muhammad Ali1
, Syed Mahmood Haider2
, Syed Ghazanfar
Hassan3
, Sarfaraz Husain Jaffery4
1
Department of oral surgery Karachi medical and dental college,
Karachi, Pakistan, 2
Department of oral surgery Karachi medical
and dental college, Karachi, Pakistan, 3
Department of oral surgery
Liaquat University, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 4
husaini institute of blood
diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: Thalassemia is a worldwide disease. 5–7% of
Pakistani population (approx. 8–10 million) are carrying genes of
this disorder.
It causes various abnormalities of different organs of patients. In
Pakistan some work on other aspects of Thalassemia were carried
out but no work on oral and maxillofacial manifestation has been
carried out, therefore present study has been under taken.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of oral maxillo-
facial disorders in Thalassemia patients.
Materials and method: Methods: A total 50 Thalassemia-major
patient randomly selected, out of them 35 were male and 15 were
female between the age group of 6 to 31 years from the Husaini
institute of blood diseases Karachi Pakistan.
Results: This study showed that about 90% (45 cases) of all
patients under consideration and showed changes in oral and max-
illofacial manifestation and result are also confirm the result
reported from the other part of the world. However some results
differs from the reports other part of the world such as memelons
are found less in %, hepatitis C is greater %, color of skin are
muddy black greater in % then the other part of the world.
Summary and conclusions: It is reported that the severity of the
disease increase with increasing the age. It was noted that the
severity of oral maxillofacial manifestations increased with a
decline in the systemic health, it was revealed that the rate of
prevalence for oral and maxillofacial complications decreases
when patients receive blood at younger age group.
FC091
A Diagnostic Challenge: Tumour or Parasite?
Gezala Umar1
, Amanda Abban1
, Suk Ng2
1
Department of Oral Surgery, King’s College Dental Hospital,
London, United Kingdom, 2
Department of Dental Radiology,
King’s College Dental Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Aim and purpose: A case of a unilateral, painless swelling of the
left mandible in a 44 year old Caucasian female is described. She
was referred following non-resolution of the swelling despite
extraction of the suspected causative tooth by her dentist.
The objectives are:
1 Recognise when to refer
2 Identify the clinical features of a suspicious lesion
3 Recognise the radiographic features of Odontogenic Tumours
4 Consider special investigations
5 Consider a multidisciplinary team approach in the diagnosis
and treatment of complex cases.
Materials and method: The features of the lesion were consistent
with several differential diagnoses. CBCT, MRI and blood tests
were required as part of the diagnostic process, as Hydatid disease
had to be excluded before biopsy could be performed safely. An
incisional biopsy was undertaken and sent for histology.
Results: Histological examination revealed the lesion to be an
Odontogenic Fibromyxoma.
Summary and Conclusions: This is a rare tumour with an inci-
dence of 2.2–3.7%, presenting most commonly in the 2nd and 3rd
decades. The definitive treatment was mandibular resection with
bone graft reconstruction; it is not radiosensitive therefore radio-
therapy would not be useful. Although not known to metastasise,
it has an infiltrative growth pattern; therefore recurrence is very
high if enucleated. Early recognition of the suspicious clinical and
radiographic signs and an early referral may have improved the
outcome of this case. The lesion was extensive by the time it was
diagnosed and a resection was required to prevent recurrence. This
case highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach to the
management of diagnostically challenging cases.
FC092
Microbiological Evaluation of Dental Unit Water Systems in
Teaching Hospitals in Karachi Pakistan
Saima Akram Butt1
, Sara Khan2
, Kishwer Naz Siddiqui2
, Virsha
Naseem Butt2
, Hamza Syed3
1
Department of Oral Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi,
Pakistan, 2
Department of Dentistry, Fatima JInnah Dental
College, Karachi, Pakistan, 3
Department of Dentistry, Dow
university Of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: The microbial quality of water in dental unit
water system (DUWS) is of considerable importance because
patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aero-
sol generated from the dental units. The objective of this study is
to evaluate the DUWS in teaching hospitals and to determine the
total viable count and the different species of micro-organisms pre-
sent.
58

Summary and conclusions: Potato peel extract 100 mg/kg,
200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were able to inhibit edema volume
increment of carrageenan-induced inflammation on rats.
P089
Amyloidosis: A Cause of Macroglossia and Midline Swelling: A
Case Report
Adit Srivastava, Shilpi Tiwari
Faculty of Dental Sciences, I.M.S., B.H.U. Varanasi. U.P. 221002.
India
Purpose: Amyloidosis is considered as a rare disease with low inci-
dence but it is frequently associated with macroglossia but in some
cases it may cause midline swelling in the neck region.
Introduction: Amyloidosis is a condition that can be defined as an
idiopathic, extracellular deposition of fibrillar proteins in tissues.
Incidence of amyloidosis is 8 per 1 million population. Oral mani-
festations are most common with primary amyloidosis and occur
in about 40% cases which includes macroglossia and nodular
masses in lips & submandibular region. If left untreated median
survival is of 1–2 years.
Case report: A 58 years old female patient presented with chief
complaint of enlarged tongue and a swelling in neck. She was
apparently asymptomatic 1.5 year back when she noticed slight
enlargement of tongue which gradually enlarged to present size.
Patient had difficulty in swallowing, chewing & in speech due to
enlarged tongue. Patient also had swelling in neck region which
involved bilateral submandibular & submental region. She also
had enlarged upper and lower lip with exophytic lesions on the
left commissure of mouth and purpuric papules in periorbital area.
Tongue was significantly enlarged from base to tip with smooth
texture with crenated borders without any lump.
Conclusion: Tongue enlargement in amyloidosis is consider as a
common manifestation but in rare instances it can also be associ-
ated with neck swelling which may present as a midline swelling.
So oral health care providers must be aware of various presenta-
tions associated with amyloidosis.
P090
Dental Caries Prevalence in Buddhist Monks and Layman in
Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. 2013
Phonesouk Phengthalangsy, Dr. Beltran Aguilar Eugenio D Dmd,
Mph, Prof. Martin Hobdell Bds, Ph.d.
Savannakhet province hospital, Sarannakhet, Laos
Aim and purpose: This study compares dental caries and some
preventive practices between Buddhist monks and layman adults
the same area and aged group in Vientiane, Lao PDR, situated in
the south-eastern Asia, in 2012.
Materials and method: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 180
Buddhist monks from 18 temples and 180 layman, age 14–
84 years were clinically examined to determine their number of
decayed, missing and filled teeth, using the DMFT index.
Results: Monks have lower prevalence of dental caries (49%) than
layman (73%, p < 0.001). Monks had lower mean DMFT than
layman (2.05 vs 3.4, p = 0.001) which reflect mostly differences in
decayed teeth (DT). Monks had higher education level than lay-
man (p = 0.001). Over 85% of all participants reported sugar con-
suming, but was higher among monks (93% p = 0.0040). Both
monks and layman reported brushing their teeth more than 2
times per day.
Summary and conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that
monks are in better oral health status than layman. Specifically,
monks have lower prevalence and severity of dental caries and
self-report better oral health status than layman. Score of knowl-
edge dental prevalence was low in both groups.”“.
Poster session 19 – Room Cubicle 3 | 2015-09-23 | 10:00-11:00
Theme 1: Implantology - Oral Pathology
P091
Micronucleus Assay of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Smokers with the
History of Smoking Less and More Than 10 Years
Samaneh Sarshar
Department of community oral health, Tehran university faculty
of dentistry, Tehran, Iran
Aim and purpose: Cigarette smoking can cause variety of prob-
lems, such as cancer. The micronuclei are structures which present
after genomic damages to the cells. The present study has accom-
plished with the aim of evaluation the micronucleus assay of the
buccal mucosa cells in smokers who smoked less or more than
10 years.
Materials and method: The smokers were divided into two groups:
first, individuals who were smoker less than 10 years; second, indi-
viduals with the history of smoking more than 10 years. The con-
trol group was selected from nonsmokers. The exfoliated buccal
mucosa cells were scrapped using spatula and were spread over
the glass slide. Feulgen method was used for micronucleus stain-
ing.500 cells per subjects were counted. The presence of micronu-
cleus in all subjects and the mean percentage of micronucleus in
nuclei were determined.
Results: The mean number of micronucleus of buccal mucosa cells
in nonsmokers, group one and group 2 was 0.94 Æ 0.94,
1.89 Æ 0.62 and 2.01 Æ 0.93 respectively. The difference was sta-
tistically significant. Considering the number of micronuclei of
buccal mucosa cells, the difference between group one and two
was not significant. The mean percentage of micronucleated cells
in nonsmokers, group one and two was 2.26 Æ 2.17%,
13.9 Æ 5.90 and 14.3 Æ 7.97. The difference was significant. The
difference of micronucleited cell’s percentage between smoker
groups was not significant.
Summary and conclusions: The mean number of micronuclei in
buccal mucosa cells of nonsmokers was significantly lower than
that of smokers. However, the mean number of micronucleus of
buccal mucosa cells in group 2 was higher than group one.
Increasing the smoking’s duration could heighten the frequency of
micronucleus however, the difference was not significant.
84

the time of survey were excluded. Pre-test (PrT) and post-test
(PoT) evaluation questionnaires were administered before and
3 months after the intervention of the school-based OHE sessions.
Paired T-test and McNemar’s tests statistics using SPSS.v22, exam-
ined the change in a child’s oral health related knowledge, atti-
tude, and practices.
Results: Of the 240 participants, 55.0%-boys, 45.0%-girls;
54.3%-fifth graders, 46.7%-sixth graders, 35.8%-Tala primary
school and 64.2%-Koraro primary school. Oral health knowledge
increased significantly (paired t-test: p < 0.001) from PrT
(mean = 5.9, SD: 1.9, range: 2–14) to PoT (mean = 13.3, SD: 2.4,
range: 6–18). Knowledge on toothpaste, fluoride, and tooth brush
increased from PrT to PoT (2.5% to 91.7%, 0.4% to 41.6%,
22.9% to 97.5%). Knowledge, attitude and behaviors/practices on
specific items such as: (a) Gum tattoo using thorn preventing gum
disease reduced significantly (McNemar’s: p < 0.001) from PrT
(70.0%) to PoT (29.6%), (b) Application of garlic and lemon on
the gums to prevent bleeding and inflammation belief reduced sig-
nificantly (McNemar’s: p < 0.001) from PrT (68.4%) to PoT
(31.6%). Proportion of students who held the most positive beliefs
about the importance of teeth increased from PrT to PoT (71.7%
to 95.0%, p-value < 0.001).
Summary and conclusions: OHE sessions using schoolteachers
showed to have a positive impact on children’s oral health related
knowledge, attitude, and practices.
FC100
Assessment of the Levels of Oral Hygiene Awareness, Knowledge,
Attitude and Practice Among the Students of a Government
School in Karachi
Raima Bashir, Kulsoom Fatima Rizvi
Department of Community Dentistry, Bahria University Medical
and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: The importance of Oral health is akin to that of
general health, yet it is generally an ignored practice to maintain
and care about one’s oral hygiene and health in some of the low
socioeconomic areas of Pakistan.
The object of this study was to assess the levels of oral hygiene
awareness, knowledge, and practice in the children of a govt.
school in Karachi, and to attract more of the health promotion
programs and campaigns towards these less privileged areas so
that awareness regarding oral hygiene and health may be empha-
sized upon them and encourage them about the benefits of a
healthy oral cavity.
Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted
amongst 461 students (251 males & 210 females) of a govt. school
in Karachi through a questionnaire that consisted of 24 closed-
ended questions. The data was then analyzed in SPSS version 15.
Results: It was observed that 97% of children demonstrated regu-
lar oral hygiene practice, results regarding knowledge were also
good but certain bad eating habits were also found prevailing
amongst them that need to be addressed.
Summary and conclusions: Overall it can be stated that the results
relating to oral hygiene practice and knowledge were good but
only 31% of the students visited the dentist and the concept of
regular dental check-up was almost nil. Hence the need for contin-
uing dental education through promotion programs is justified.
11:00-12:00
Theme: Dental Treatment & Restorative Dentistry – Endodontics
FC101
Comparison of Obturation by Three Different Techniques —Using
CBCT
Sahil Rohilla
Department of conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Dr BR
Ambedkar University Agra, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, India
Aim and purpose: To evaluate three obturation techniques Lateral
condensation, Thermafill and Calamus for Filling area and voids
using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Materials and method: Thirty single-rooted teeth were selected
and the canals were shaped with Reciprocal file. Irrigation was
performed with 5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The
teeth were then divided into three groups depending on the type of
obturation technique. Group A (n = 10) — obturated using the
Lateral condensation technique and AHplus sealer, Group B
(n = 10) — obturated with Obtura II injection-molded thermoplas-
ticized technique and AHplus sealer, and Group C (n = 10) obtu-
rated using thermafill. After storing the teeth in 100% humidity
for seven days at 37°C, the specimens were analysed using cone
beam computed tomography. The data was statistically analysed.
Results: Descriptive data of Mean value of different systems at dif-
ferent levels was calculated and results showed that obturation by
calamus gave better results than Thermafill and Lateral condensa-
tion method.
Summary and conclusions: Calamus can be a good alternative for
perfect quality of 3 D Obturation.
FC102
Evaluation of Remaining Dentin Thickness Using CBCT
Deepika Parimoo
Department of conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Dr BR
Ambedkar University Agra, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, India
Aim and purpose: The study was to evaluate the effect of multiple
file system systems and single file system on the dentine thickness
in the apical area of the root canal.
Materials and method: In this study, a total of 100 freshly
extracted human mandibular first molars were taken. All the teeth
were categorized into two groups namely Group I: Protaper,
Group II: Protaper Next, Group III: Wave One, Group IV: Recip-
rocal, Group V: One shape. Mesio buccal canal of mandibular
first molar was selected for this study. Conventional endodontic
access was prepared in each tooth, and working length was deter-
mined using 15-k file. Pre-operative cone beam computed tomog-
raphy (CBCT) scan of the teeth was taken.
Cleaning and shaping of the canal was done according to the file
system. Post instrumentation CBCT scan of teeth was taken. The
60

pre and post instrumentation images of the teeth were superim-
posed and the difference in the area was calculated and statistical
difference was analyzed.
Results: ANOVA test was done for comparison and the results
showed that Protaper Next removed less dentin among multiple
file system followed by wave one in single file system.
Summary and conclusions: Protaper Next and Wave One showed
statistically significant difference in remaining dentin thickness
over the different intervals of root canal length. Therefore, it was
concluded that Protaper Next file system removed less residual
dentine than Wave One file system.
FC103
Study of Position and Type of Root Canal Isthmus in Permanent
Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars, an In-Vitro
Microstereoscopic Study
Prashant Bhasin
Department of conservative dentistry & endodontics Santosh
university ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, India
Aim and purpose: To study the position and type of the root canal
isthmus in the mesio-buccal root of maxillary and mesial root of
mandibular permanent first molars.
Materials and method: Eighty human permanent maxillary first
molars and eighty mandibular first molars were randomly col-
lected. The mesiobuccal root from the maxillary first molars and
the mesial root of mandibular first molar were resected. The speci-
mens were subjected to Alcian blue staining. The stained speci-
mens were observed through microscope as well as by magnified
digital photographs.
Results: The incidence of isthmus was higher in 3–4 mm sections
in mesialroot of mandibular first molars ranging from 43.3% to
46.6% and 4–5 mm section in mesio-buccal root of maxillary first
molar ranging from 55% to 60%.
Summary and conclusions: A complete or partial isthmus was
observed in teeth having two canals accounting to about 92.5% in
mesial root of mandibular first molar and 66.6% in mesiobuccal
root of maxillary first molar.
FC104
The Effect of Different Irrigation Activation Techniques on the
Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin
Asiye Nur Dinçer1
, Mehmet Burak G€unesßer1
, Dilara Arslan1
,
Aslıhan €Usß€umez2
1
Department of Endododontics, Bezmialem Vakıf €University,
Istanbul, Turkey, 2
Department of Prosthodontics, Bezmialem
Vakıf €University, Istanbul, Turkey
Aim and purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of different irrigation
activation techniques on the microhardness of root canal dentin.
Materials and method: A total of 40 human teeth were selected.
Root canals were prepared by using FlexMaster system to size 30,
taper 0.06 before being assigned randomly to four groups (n = 10)
according to final irrigation technique. Conventional syringe
irrigation (CSI) was used in group 1. Irrigation solution were acti-
vated using Er:YAG laser (group 2), Er:YAG laser using photon-
initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS, group 3) and EndoActiva-
tor system (group 4). Roots were sectioned in slices and the frag-
ment corresponding to the apical, middle and coronal third was
submitted to Vicker’s microhardness test at depth of 100 lm.
Data were analyzed statically using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-
Whitney U test.
Results: There was no significant difference among groups within
the apical, middle and coronal thirds of the root canals (p > 0.05).
Within the groups there was significant difference between root
canal regions except group 1 (p ˂ 0.05).
Summary and conclusions: Irrigation activation techniques did not
affect the microhardness of the root canal dentin.
11:00-12:00
FC105
Role of Salivary Factors In relation to Dental Caries
Asma Saher Ansari1
, Imtiaz Ahmed1
, Imtiaz Ahmed1
, Masood
Anwar Qureshi2
1
Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow
University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, 2
Dow
International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences,
Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: Physicochemical properties of saliva like flow
rate, pH and buffering capacity play a major role in the develop-
ment of caries. That is why the purpose of this study is to deter-
mine the relationship between the physicochemical properties of
saliva such as flow rate, pH and buffering capacity in caries active
and caries free subjects.
Materials and Method: 700 school going children between 6 and
16 years of age. Dental examination of selected subjects was per-
formed to assess dental caries status. The study population was then
divided into CF and CA group depending on their DMFT/dmft
score. Both Stimulated and Unstimulated whole saliva was collected
for measuring salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity from the
examined subjects. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for
all qualitative variables. The mean values between CF and CA were
compared using Mann Whitney U. Logistic regression analysis was
performed to identify significant risk factors for caries.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of CF and CA groups were
noted. The results showed that when all of these salivary parame-
ters were compared among these groups, mean value for salivary
flow rate and buffering capacity were decreased significantly in
CA group i.e. p < 0.001, Logistic regression analysis showed that
flow rate, pH and buffer capacity are the significant risk factor for
dental caries.
Summary and conclusions: In the limits of this study it was con-
cluded that CA participants have lower resting salivary flow rates
than caries free subjects. Caries free participants had a normal
range of salivary pH and better buffering capacity than partici-
pants with active caries.
61

FC106
Assessment of Vitamin C Levels in Chronic Generalised
Periodontitis Patients - A Study in Indian Population
Debanjan Das1
, Swet Nisha2
1
Department of Conservative & Endodontics, Rama Dental
College, Hospital & Research centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,
India, 2
Department of Periodontology & Implantology, J.S.S
Dental College & Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Aim and purpose: Vitamin C is an important water- soluble vita-
min that has antioxidant & immunomodulatory actions. There are
few studies concerning levels Vitamin C in Periodontitis subjects
in Indian population. Hence, an attempt was made to assess the
levels of Vitamin C in Subjects with Chronic Generalised Peri-
odontitis.
Materials and method: Subjects fulfilling inclusion criteria were
selected from the outpatients presenting to the Department of Peri-
odontology. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Eth-
ical Committee Review Board. Age Group – 25–55 years, both
male & female subjects were enrolled in the study duration of
6 months. Control group-25 Healthy Subjects. Test group - 25
subjects With Chronic Periodontitis.
Vitamin C levels was measured in serum & saliva of subjects using
Biochemical Method – DNPH The intensity of the colour was
measured in a spectrophotometer at 540 nm.
The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the statisti-
cal software SPSS Version 22.
Results: The results of the present research study demonstrated
that lower vitamin C concentrations are associated with Chronic
Generalised periodontitis subjects.
Summary and conclusions: Levels of Vitamin C were decreased in
Chronic Periodontitis patients suggesting decrease antioxidant
capacity in Chronic Periodontitis patients and generation of free
radicals leading to periodontal tissue destruction. The emerging
potential role of antioxidants in periodontal therapy should be
considered as adjunctive to mechanical therapy.
FC107
Evaluation of Golden Proportion Between Anterior Teeth
Asma Saher Ansari, Amynah Tariq Shaikh
Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow
University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the
prevalence of the Golden proportion in a group of Pakistani sub-
jects.
Materials and Method: The sample was consisted of 500 volun-
teers, ranging in age from 21 to 27 years. The hydrocollide
impression was obtained and dental cast was prepared using hard
plaster. The digital calliper is used to measure the widths of the
maxillary central, lateral and canine. The widths were measured at
the mesio-distal contact points of teeth. The Golden proportion
for each subject was assessed by multiplying the width of the lar-
ger component by 62% and compared the width of the smaller
component for proportion to be analyzed. The width of central
incisor was multiplied by 62% and compared with the width of
the adjacent lateral incisor.
Similarly the width of the lateral incisor, canine and the maxillary
and mandibular teeth were evaluated for golden proportion.
Results: Chi square analysis was used to find if there exists any
association between sex and various ratios of golden proportions.
The data revealed no statistical significance in the ratio of golden
proportions based on gender.
The ratio of 0.9 and 1.1 were more common than 1.618 which is
observed in 1% of the samples.
Summary and conclusions: The golden proportion was not found
to exist between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth. No golden
standard were detected for the width-to height proportions of
maxillary incisors. Ethnicity can have association with the propor-
tions of maxillary anterior teeth when compared to other studies.
FC108
Comparison of Oral Health Attitudes and Behaviour Between
Dental and Medical Students
Runki Saran1
, Saurabh Kumar2
1
Department of dental materials and technology, melaka manipal
medical college, manipal university, manipal, india, 2
Department
of pedodontics and preventive dentistry, manipal college of dental
sciences, manipal university, manipal, India
Aim and purpose: The aim of the study was to find out the differ-
ence in oral health knowledge and behaviour among medical and
dental students studying at the Melaka Manipal Medical College,
Manipal.
Materials and method: A questionnaire based on a modified ver-
sion of the Hiroshima University Dental Behaviour Inventory (HU-
DBI) was administered to fifty 2nd year dental students and fifty
2nd year medical students at Melaka Manipal Medical College,
Manipal. A written consent was obtained from the subjects.
The HU-DBI questionnaire, consisted of twenty polar responses
(agree-disagree) regarding oral health-related behaviour. A quanti-
tative estimate of oral health attitude and behaviour was calcu-
lated by the total appropriate agree/disagree responses. The
maximum possible score was 12. Higher HU-DBI score indicates
better oral health attitude and behaviour. Data obtained were sub-
jected to statistical analysis.
Results: Dental students had significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean
HU-DBI score compared to medical students. Nearly 84% of med-
ical students reported not worrying much about visiting the dentist
compared with 68% of dental students. Moreover, 80.6% of med-
ical students reported seeking dental care only when symptoms
arise compared with 59% of dental students.
Summary and conclusions: The current study shows that 2nd year
dental students show better attitude towards their dental care than
the 2nd year medical students and can form better role models for
the general population and patients.
62

11:00-12:00
FC109
Evaluation of Expression of Myofibroblasts in Oral Leukoplakia
and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical
Study
Alka M Dive, Ashish S Bodhade, Rohit Moharil
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, VSPM’S Dental
College & Research Center, Digdoh Hills, Hingana Road, Nagpur
(Maharashtra), India 440019
Aim and purpose: The aim of our study is to evaluate the expres-
sion and role of myofibroblasts (a–smooth muscle actin) in oral
leucoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by
immunohistochemistry.
Materials and method: Study comprised of normal & premalig-
nant lesions (n = 20 each), oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 30).
Neutral buffered formalin fixed sections will be cut to 4–5 lm
thickness for immunohistochemistry. Antigen retrieval will be done
using pressure cooker/microwave method. Immuhistochemical
staining will be done using primary polyclonal mouse antihuman
alpha SMA antibody. Secondary antibody is used along with DAB
to visualize the same (Biogenix).
Results: Data is analyzed with SPSS 7 software. There is striking
increase in expression of alpha SMA in oral squamous cell carci-
noma as compared to oral premalignant lesions and normal oral
mucosa.
Summary and conclusions: This suggests that role of alpha SMA
in epithelial mesenchymal interaction & oral carcinogenesis. It can
be used as a biomarker for investigations and prognosis.
FC110
Odontogenic Cysts in Brunei: A 14-Year Retrospective Study
Errol D Samuel1
, Pemasiri U Telesinghe2
1
Specialist Dental Department, RIPAS Hospital, Brunei
Darussalam, Bandar Seri BEgawan, Brunei, 2
Department of
Pathology, RIPAS Hospital, Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri,
BEgawan, Brunei
Aim and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the
prevalence of histologically diagnosed odontogenic cysts in the
Brunei population and compare it with studies conducted in other
geographical regions.
Materials and method: Biopsy records at the Specialist Dental
Department at RIPAS Hospital between 2001 and 2014 was ana-
lyzed. The data collected included the patient’s name, identifica-
tion number, age, sex, ethnicity and location of the lesion. All
specimens were reported by the Department of Pathology, RIPAS
Hospital.
Results: The total number of specimens reported during this period
was 708 with odontogenic cysts accounting for 33.5% while the
overall male to female ratio was 1:1.72. The most common histo-
logical diagnosis was dentigerous cyst (60.3%) followed by radicu-
lar cyst (34.6%), odontogenic keratocyst (2.1%), residual cyst,
lateral periodontal cyst, eruption cyst and calcifying odontogenic
cyst.
Dentigerous cysts ranged between the ages of 11–60 years and
were common in association with the lower third molars and max-
illary canines while radicular cysts ranged between the ages of 16–
72 years.
Summary and conclusions: This study highlights some significant
geographical differences in the distribution of common odonto-
genic cysts such as the dentigerous and radicular cyst in compar-
ison with other populations. The high prevalence of dentigerous
cysts and its high female predilection in the local Brunei popula-
tion is worthy of further investigation.
FC111
Patients Concerns Inventory in Head and Neck Squamous Cell
Carcinoma – A Practical Approach
Sara Ikram Khan1
, Atif Haroon2
, Sabeen Khalid2
, Faizan Syed
Mohammad3
, Saima Akram Butt4
1
Department of Dentistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi,
Pakistan, 2
Department of Dentistry, Dow University of Health
Department of Oral Pathology,
Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan,
4
Department of Oral Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi,
Pakistan
Aim and purpose: To report the highlight items of concern in
patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on
132 patients chosen randomly presenting to the ENT Department
of Civil hospital Karachi and Ziauddin University hospital. A semi
structured questionnaire containing questions regarding personal
demographics, and different patients concerns was used. SPSS ver-
sion 16 was used to analyze data.
Results: Of the 122 patients, 76 were males and 56 were females.
The age range was 18–80 years. 66 (50%) of the patients pre-
sented with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. The
patients showed the highest concern regarding chewing (61%),
mouth opening (57%), Pain in the head and neck (57%) and 54%
showed increase anxiety levels since they had been informed of
their condition.
Summary and conclusions: Patient concern inventory (PCI) has
been shown to be effective in identifying a range of items of con-
cern, enabling a patient-directed consultation to occur in a busy
outpatient clinic setting. Routine use of the PCI can provide the
basis for efficient healthcare usage based on individual needs over
time.
63

FC112
Diagnostic Potential of Salivary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Early
Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Vatchala Rani Rm1
, Manju Nath Bc2
, Manas Bajpai3
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and
Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia,
Jamianagar, New Delhi, 2
Senior professor and Head, Post
Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,
3
Assistant Professor, NIMS Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
India
Aim and purpose: Background: Human saliva has an immense
diagnostic potential for early detection of various diseases includ-
ing oral cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small
RNAs that regulate cell proliferation and functions by interfering
with the translation of target mRNAs. Altered expression of
miRNA is known to induce various human malignancies such as
oral cancers. Saliva contains transcriptome and a subset of the
salivary miRNAs which can be used as biomarkers for oral cancer
detection. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the available literature to
assess the diagnostic value of the salivary miRNAs in the early
detection of OSCC.
Materials and method: Methods: A literature survey was carried
out in the PubMed/Medline electronic databases in 2014 and 17
articles fulfilling the objective of the study out of 64 were
included.
Results: Evidence from various studies suggests that miRNAs are
significantly de-regulated in saliva of OSCC patients compared to
healthy controls. Most of miRNAs were under expressed (miR-
NA125a, miRNA-136, miR-137 and miRNA-147, miR-193a miR-
200, miRNA200a, miR-205). 2 miRNAs were over expressed
(miRNA-24, miRNA-27b, miRNAs miR-9, miR-134 and miR-
191). Increased expression of miR-21, miR-345, and miR-181b
has been demonstrated in oral leucoplakia that progresses to
OSCC, suggesting a miRNA signature has a potential prognostic
value in identifying leucoplakias at risk of malignant transforma-
tion.
Summary and conclusions: miRNAs in human saliva may be used
as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of OSCC as well as
post-operative follow-up. Saliva based diagnostics offers a promis-
ing future as it can be used as a non-invasive and rapid diagnostic
tool for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
11:00-12:00
Theme: Preventive Dentistry - Orthodontics
FC113
Validation of a Facial Scanning System Within Cone-Beam CT: A
Study on an Anthropomorphic Phantom
Pisha Pittayapat1
, Min Sung Kwon2
, Guy Willems3
, Constantinus
Politis2
, Rapha€el Olszewski4
, Reinhilde Jacobs2
1
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2
Oral Imaging Center, OMFS-
IMPATH research group, Dept Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of
Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
3
Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven
& Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
4
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cliniques
Universitaires Saint Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium
Aim and purpose: To assess the reproducibility the soft tissue
landmark identification and the linear measurement accuracy of a
facial scanning system within a cone-beam computed tomographic
unit.
Materials and method: One sectional head phantom with a human
skull covered with soft tissue substitute was used. The study was
divided into two components: landmark reproducibility and linear
measurement accuracy. For the reproducibility test, the phantom
was scanned by the Planmeca ProfaceTM
system. The face scan
image was imported to Maxilimâ
software. For the accuracy
study, 22 fiducial markers were placed directly to indicate soft tis-
sue landmarks prior to image acquisition. The phantom was
scanned and the image with markers was imported to Maxilimâ
software. Observers identified soft tissue landmarks for both
images separately twice with 4-week interval. Landmark coordi-
nates were exported to Excel. The gold standard of coordinates
was identified by a 3D measuring arm (accuracy 100 points ANSI
sphere, 0.23 mm). Statistical analysis was performed for landmark
reproducibility and linear measurement accuracy.
Results: The results showed that 55% of all the landmarks tested
exhibited good reproducibility with the mean distance to the cen-
ter average below 1 mm. Palpebrale inferius and endocanthion
showed the best inter- and intra-observer reproducibility. As for
the accuracy test, all the measurements except one showed 1 mm
difference when compared with the gold standard.
Summary and conclusions: The face scanning system in a CBCT
unit offers good measurement accuracy and moderate repro-
ducibility. Further studies are necessary to validate this system for
clinical application.
64

FC115
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase – A New Parameter of Skeletal Age
Assessment
Arbab Anjum
Department of orthodontics, Dr Ziauddin Ahmed Dental college,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Aim and purpose: To evaluate the growth status of adolescents by
cervical vertebra maturity indicators (CVMI) and its correlation
with the level of serum alkaline phosphatase and also to assess the
diagnostic importance of serum alkaline phosphatase as an indica-
tor of skeletal maturation.
Materials and method: The present study was conducted on 150
subjects (75 males and 75 females) in the department of orthodon-
tics with prior approval from the ethical committee of the con-
cerned university. Subjects included were in the age group 6–
17 years of age. The sample was distributed into three groups
Group-I (Pre- Pubertal) between 6–9 years, Group-II (Pubertal)
between 10–13 years Group-III (Post- Pubertal) 14–17 years of
age, with each group containing 25 males and females each. To
appraise the cervical vertebral development by Hassel and Farman
method lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position.
To evaluate the serum Alkaline phosphatase levels 2 ml of venous
blood sample was collected and was subjected to biochemical
assessment.
Results: Group II (Pubertal) had the highest alkaline phosphatase
level which was statistically significant among all groups. The cor-
relation between alkaline phosphatase and CVMI was assessed
using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. A significant negative corre-
lation between the two entities was found (r = À0.630,
p 0.001). On evaluating the CVMI stages and alkaline phos-
phatase levels individually in males and females, males had higher
levels which were statistically significant.
Summary and conclusions: The study demonstrates age trends in
the level of serum alkaline phosphatase levels that may be used to
evaluate the skeletal maturation. The levels in males were higher
than females which also are of diagnostic importance.
FC116
White Spot Lesion among Patients Attending USIM Orthodontics
Clinic
Azrul Hafiz Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Hanif Mohd Rasid
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Science
University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Aim and purpose: White spot lesion is common phenomenon that
could occur on patients with poor oral hygiene and patient with
higher intake of fluoride. This condition might become worst after
orthodontic fixed appliances treatment. The aim of this study was
to assess the occurrence of white spot lesion on first molars prior
orthodontic fixed appliances.
Materials and method: Thirty patients attending Orthodontics
Clinic in Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Science University of Malay-
sia were screened and randomly selected for this study. Patients
with medical condition and without first molars were excluded
from this study. Any white spot lesion on all of the first molars
were examined and charted.
Results: From this study, we found that almost 56.7% patients
were free from any white spot lesion on all of their first molars.
Seven patients have white spot lesion on all their first molars
(23% of total patients). Upper right first molar have the highest
tendency of white spot lesion (40% of patients have white spot
lesion on this site).
Summary and conclusions: Any white spot lesion should be noted
and charted prior to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
This study has shown that almost half of orthodontics patients
have white spot lesion before treatment. This might be confused
with decalcification that might occur after orthodontic treatment
with fixed appliances.
12:30-13:30
Theme 1: Dental Treatment Restorative Dentistry – Materials
FC117
Etching Time and Surface Mechanical Properties of Dental Hard
Tissues
Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Department of restorative dentistry, Taibah University, Madina
Munawwarrah, Madina, Saudi Arabia
Aim and purpose: Dental hard tissues (enamel and dentin) being
highly mineralized are very sensitive to acid contact. The major
aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching time on the
surface properties of dental hard tissues.
Materials and method: An ex-vivo study conducted using extracted
human teeth. Dissected tooth surfaces were treated with 37%
phosphoric acid for a variable time. The standard protocol for
etchant application, washing and drying was used to prepare the
samples. The effects of etching time on surface properties includ-
ing nanohardness and roughness were assessed an absolute nanoin-
denter and non-contact mode surface roughness profilometer. All
results were analyzed statistically using SPSS computer software.
Results: Surface roughness (root mean square) of enamel and den-
tin (~1.5 l at time = 0 s) was observed to increase by increasing
the etching time (~4 l at time = 90 s). Hardness of both tissues
was decreased by increasing the etching time (~4.5 GPa for enamel
at time = 0 s reduced to ~1 GPa at time = 90 s). Similar trend
was observed for dentin tissue hardness and modulus of elasticity.
Summary and conclusions: The etching time influences on the sur-
face properties of dental hard tissues particularly the enamel.
Enamel surface properties such as roughness and hardness can be
altered significantly as a matter of few seconds. Prolonged etching
time than recommended is likely to increase the surface roughness
and decrease surface hardness; compromising the bond strength of
adhesive materials in clinical applications.
65

Theme 2: Dental Treatment Restorative Dentistry – Pedodontics
FC118
Effect of Cotton-Roll Vibration Technique on Children’s
Behavioral Pain Reactions
Ali Bagherian
Pedodontics department, faculty of dentistry, Mashhad University
of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Aim and purpose: Distraction during an injection has always been
a technique to avert discomfort and negative feelings about that
procedure as well as the entire dental appointment. The aim of
this study was to use direct observation of children’s behavioral
pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll
vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia.
Materials and method: Forty-eight children participated in this
randomized, controlled clinical trial. They received two separate
inferior alveolar nerve block or primary maxillary molar infiltra-
tion injections on contralateral sides of the jaws by both cotton-
roll vibration (a combination of topical anesthesia gel, cotton roll
and vibration for physical distraction) and control (routine topical
anesthesia) methods. Behavioral pain reactions of children were
measured according to the author-developed FHFHTC scale,
resulting in total scores between zero and18.
Results: The total scores on the FHFHTC scale ranged between
zero to five and zero to ten in the cotton-roll vibration and control
methods, respectively. The mean Æ SD values of total scores on
the FHFHTC scale were lower in the cotton-roll vibration method
(1.21 Æ 1.38) than in control method (2.44 Æ 2.18), and paired t-
tests showed that it was significant (p 0.001).
Summary and conclusions: It may be concluded that the cotton-
roll vibration method can be more helpful than the routine topical
anesthesia in reducing behavioral pain reactions in children during
local anesthesia administration.
Theme 3: Dental Treatment Restorative Dentistry - Pedodontics
FC119
Current Trends in Primary Tooth Pulpotomy amongst Dentists in
Karachi
Maham Muneeb Lone, Farhan Raza Khan
Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University
Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aim and purpose:
1 To assess practice regarding pulpotomy of primary teeth
among dentists of Karachi, Pakistan.
2 To compare the difference in pulpotomy techniques of pri-
mary teeth between private practitioners and teaching dentists.
Materials and method: A questionnaire was distributed to dentists
working in private clinics and teaching hospitals of Karachi, who
were involved in treating primary teeth. The questions gained
information on aspects like: use of radiographs for pre-treatment
evaluation, use of anesthesia and rubber dam, choice of material
for pulpotomy, restorative material of choice after pulpotomy in
pediatric patients. Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution
were computed. Chi-square test was applied to compare difference
between dentists working in teaching hospitals verses those at pri-
vate practices. Level of significance was kept at 0.05.
Results:
1 Majority of dentists in the study group routinely used preoper-
ative radiograph for assessment of carious teeth before pulpotomy
procedure.
2 Formocresol- preferred material for pulpotomy by dentists in
both groups.
3 A very high percentage of practitioners in both groups never
used a rubber dam.
4 A very small number of dentists used stainless steel crown for
definitive restoration of primary molar after pulpotomy.
5 There is a statistically significant difference between dentists in
their use of local anesthesia before a pulpotomy procedure and in
their choice of restoration of anterior teeth post pulpotomy.
Summary and conclusions:
1 Majority of dentists use the preferred medicament for pulpo-
tomy-formocresol,
2 Only 23–26% dentists placed stainless steel crown after
pulpotomy-far below standard of care.
3 A large proportion of teaching dentists used local anesthesia
(53.8%) for pulpotomy compared to private practitioners
(33.3%)-but both practices are far below standard of care.
FC120
Identification of Primary Teeth by New Tooth Notation System
(MICAP)
Nagendran Jayavel Pandiyan1
, Ashfaq Ahkram2
, Ulfat Bashir3
,
Thirupathi Rao Vishnumukkula4
, Melinda Madlena5
1
Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Penang International Dental
College, Penang, Malaysia, 2
International Medical School,
Management Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia.,
3
Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan,
4
Perdana University- Serdang, Malaysia, 5
Department of
Paediatric Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Aim and purpose: AIM: to identify the primary teeth using a new
notation ‘MICAP’ (M-molar, I-incisor, C- canine, P-premolar) as
dental charting tool.
Materials and method: A mock dental charting based on MICAP
format was developed. Undergraduate dental students (n = 176)
divided into Group A [(pre-clinical) n = 85] and Group B [(clini-
cal) n = 91], identified notified five randomly selected primary
teeth after MICAP demonstration by video and lecture. Pearson
chi square test was used to analyse the data.
Results: Approximately ≥80% students correctly notified the teeth
in MICAP format. Group B, comparing to A, had a better associa-
tion to recognize #2dM [X2, 95% CI: 11.82, 0.278 (0.131, 0.591),
p = 0.001] as mandibular deciduous right 2nd molar and write cor-
rectly ‘Maxillary deciduous left 2nd molar’ [X2, 95% CI: 16.98,
0.186 (0.79, 0.437), p 0.001] into MICAP format [#dM2]. In
addition, group B had more association (X2: 18.8, p = 0.001) on
the response ‘MICAP could be adopted in dental charting.
Summary and conclusions: Primary teeth could be identified by
new notation (MICAP) format by undergraduate dental students.
If a study module on MICAP is included in dental curriculum, it
may serve an alternate method of dental charting.
66

12:30-13:30
FC121
Dentists and Occupational Health Problems in Croatia
Marin Vodanovic
Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine,
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Aim and purpose: Dental practitioners are very susceptible to the
occupational health hazards and the development of occupational
related diseases. The aim of this study was to survey the health
status among dentists in Croatia regarding the symptoms of mus-
culoskeletal, dermatological, sight, hearing and neurological disor-
ders and prophylactic physical activities.
Materials and method: The anonymous online survey was con-
ducted among 506 Croatian dentists (310 females and 196 males).
The questionnaire included demographic details, work duration
and information about health.
Results: It was found that over 78.18% of the surveyed dentists
experienced work related pain in upper back, 76.97% of them in
lower back. Work-related skin problems were reported by 29.29%.
Sight disorders were reported by 46.87% and hearing disorders by
19.03%. Neurological disorders were reported by 15.76%.
Summary and conclusions: It was concluded that numerous health
hazards and limited ergonomics in the work environment of dental
practitioners results various health disorders, and its prevalence is
very high.
FC122
Why Should Present-Day Dental Practitioners have an Evidence
Based Practice?
Gaurav Uday Nagarsekar
Dr Nagarsekar’s Dental Clinic, Goa, India
Aim and purpose: To understand evidence based (dental) practice
and its importance in patient care.
Materials and method: A MEDLINE search was carried out and
existing literature examined for evidence based dentistry concepts.
Results: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is said to be the current
best approach to provide interventions that are scientific, safe, effi-
cient and cost effective. The evidence based method includes ask-
ing answerable questions, searching for the best evidence, critically
appraising the evidence, applying the evidence and evaluating the
outcome. Evidence hierarchy includes Evidence based clinical
guidelines, Cochrane systematic reviews, systematic reviews and
studies. Research into evidence based practice is increasing, how-
ever, implementing this evidence into day to day clinical practice
is of utmost significance.
Summary and conclusions: In catering to modern day patient
needs, the clinician must equip himself with the following arma-
mentarium: sound basic clinical knowledge, technical judgement
and expertise and most importantly latest scientific evidence. Den-
tal teaching institutions must impart evidence based teaching in
their curriculum for a stronger dental practitioner. However,
selecting the best available evidence in clinical practice should be
the ultimate aim to improve the quality in patient care.
FC123
CBCT Evaluation of Sella Turcica Morphology in A Morphology in
a Group of Turkish Population
Seda O¨ zer, Ali Murat Aktan, €Ozlem Isßman
Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Gaziantep
University, Gaziantep, Turkey
Aim and purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the varia-
tions of the sella turcica and their relationship to gender and age.
Materials and method: The CBCT images of the patients who
referred to Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department
of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology between January 2012 and
December 2014 were analyzed and 200 CBCT images were evalu-
ated retrospectively. Sella turcica shape of individuals were
described according to Axelsson’s classification as either normal or
with aberrations including; oblique anterior wall, double contour
of the floor, sella turcica bridging, irregularity in the posterior part
of the dorsum sella, and pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella.
Results: Normal sella turcica was the most common type seen in
100 individuals with a rate of % 49, 8. The secondary common
type was double contour of the floor of sella turcica seen in 46
patient (% 22, 9). 32 patients (% 15, 9) had oblique anterior wall
on sella turcica. 17 individuals (% 8, 5) had pyramidal shape of
the dorsum sella. The least common shape was irregularity
(notching) in the posterior part of the sella turcica. None of the
patients had sella turcica bridging. There were no statistically sig-
nificant relationship between variations of the sella turcica either
gender or age.
Summary and conclusions: Sella turcica varies in shape and mor-
phology apart from age and gender. Normal sella turcica was the
most frequent type in the study group.
FC124
Amalgam Restorations Replacements and Their Impact on the
Environment
Yajur Verma
Christian Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Aim and purpose: Over the recent decades, there has been wide-
spread concern regarding the toxic impact of mercury (Hg) dis-
posal in the ecosystem due to its mobility, volatility and potential
for bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
The mercury in dental amalgam can be released to the environ-
ment in the form of air, water or solid waste. Mercury is a persis-
tent and deadly contaminant in the water environment. Metallic
mercury such as that used in amalgam is relatively non-toxic.
However, when mercury is released to the environment, some por-
tion may be converted by bacteria to methyl mercury, a potent
neurotoxin. Mercury is bio-accumulative and biomagnifies in the
food chain leading to detrimental effect on the health of humans
67

that consume sea food. Some mercury is released into the air after
incineration of dental waste containing amalgam, extraction of
restored teeth which eventually collect in the waterways and
finally enters the food chain.
Materials and method: Various methods of disposal will be noted
and proper method of disposal will be concluded.
Results: Objective:
1 Study will be conducted on various methods of amalgam
waste disposal that are economical and eco-friendly.
2 Practical suggestions for reducing impact of our profession on
the environment.
Summary and conclusions: In addition to providing necessary oral
and dental health care to the society, we the dentists do have some
responsibility toward our surroundings and descendants. It
depends upon the way we dispose of the dental waste that have
detrimental impact on the environment.
12:30-13:30
FC125
Bee Honey as a Locum for Routine Formalin Fixative: A Pilot
Study
Ritesh Srii1
, Vinay Marla2
1
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kathmandu
University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal,
2
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, B P Koiralaa
Institute of Medical Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
Aim and purpose: To achieve a formalin- free laboratory for
pathological specimen preservation we aimed to use a natural sub-
stitute, bee honey.
Materials and method: Our study was conducted with a sample
size of 10 tissue specimens which were biopsied from gingiva.
Immediately after obtaining the biopsies, the tissue specimens were
cut into two halves, each half placed in two separate groups,
group A(working solution)- where the tissue specimens were fixed
with diluted form of honey and group B – where tissue specimens
were fixed using 10% formalin.
Agmark graded pure bee honey was used in this study which is
commercially available. Fresh working solution was prepared just
before the biopsy procedure by using honey and water in the ratio
of 1:9.
Tissue specimens were kept in the respective solutions for a period
of 24 h at room temperature after which it was taken through
routine tissue processing.
The processed tissues were embedded in paraffin wax and 5 lm
thick sections were prepared and stained using haematoxylin and
eosin, as well as specials stains like Masson’s trichrome and Van
Gieson. Immunohistochemistry for the markers vimentin and pan-
cytokeratin was also done.
Results: We obtained comparable results with bee honey. Both for
HE, special stains including immunohistochemistry.
Summary and conclusions: It can be concluded that abolition of
carcinogenic fixatives like formalin may be possible in the near
future by the use of naturally available products like honey which
gives satisfactory results.
FC126
Immunolocalization of Pro-Osteoclastic Markers in
Ameloblastoma
Nurmawarnis Mat Hussin, Chong Huat Siar
Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences,
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Aim and purpose: To determine the immunoprofile of pro-osteo-
clastic markers, receptor activator of nuclear factor j-B (RANK),
RANK ligand (RANKL) and it’s decoy receptor, Osteoprotegerin
(OPG) in solid/multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA) and unicystic
ameloblastoma (UA) and to speculate their impact on the biologi-
cal behaviour of ameloblastoma subset.
Materials and method: Forty paraffin-embedded ameloblastoma
cases comprising SMA (n = 24) and UA (n = 16) were examined
immunohistochemically for the expression of RANK, RANKL and
OPG. Semi quantitative scoring method was applied for the immu-
noexpression, considering pre-ameloblast-like cells (PA-like cells),
stellate reticulum-like cells (SR-like cells) and stromal cells via dig-
itized images. The study was approved by the Medical Ethic Com-
mittee, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya [Ethics DF
OP1201/0001(L)].
Results: The pro-osteoclastic markers were differentially expressed
in ameloblastoma with predominantly subcellular localization of
both cytoplasmic and membranous (RANK and RANKL) and
mainly cytoplasmic for OPG. Expression level of RANK/RANKL/
OPG in PA-like cells, SR-like cells and stromal cells was signifi-
cantly higher in SMA compared to UA (p 0.05) where overex-
pression of RANK/RANKL with underexpression of OPG was
observed in SMA, while UA showed predominantly underexpres-
sion of RANK/RANKL with localized overexpression of OPG. In
correlation with clinical parameters, the immunoreactivity of OPG
was significantly associated with tumor location (p = 0.028).
Summary and conclusions: The RANK-RANKL-OPG triad was
heterogeneously expressed in SMA and UA, indicating the active
local bone activity in ameloblastoma. Predominantly marked
expression of RANK and RANKL with underexpression of OPG
in SMA permits the speculation of its aggressiveness compared to
UA (PPPC/C1-2013/DGCB/02).
FC127
Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Salivary Gland
Neoplasms
Salina Din, Chong Huat Siar
Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences,
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Aim and purpose: To determine the expression of four cancer stem
cell (CSC) markers ALDH1, Bmi1, CD44 and ABCG2 in benign
and malignant salivary gland tumours.
68

Materials and method: Forty cases of salivary gland neoplasms
comprising 15 pleomorphic adenomas, 14 mucoepidermoid carci-
nomas and 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas were examined by
immunohistochemistry for expression of ALDH1, Bmi1, CD44
and ABCG2. Normal salivary glands in uninvolved area adjacent
to tumour served as baseline. Semiquantitative analysis was per-
formed to assess the staining levels for each marker between
tumour parenchyma and stroma, and between tumour centre with
periphery. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Com-
mittee, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya [Ethics DF
OP1303/0006(L)].
Results: All four CSC markers were heterogeneously detected in
tumour samples and normal salivary glands where subcellular
localization of ALDH1, CD44 and ABCG2 was mainly cytoplas-
mic and membranous, and Bmi1 was primarily nuclear. All CSC
markers (except for ABCG2) demonstrated significantly higher
expression levels in tumour epithelium compared to stroma
(p 0.05). However, no significant differences in CSC expression
levels between tumour periphery and centre, as well as with clini-
cal parameters were observed.
Summary and conclusions: Our data showing significant levels of
ALDH1, CD44 and Bmi1 in the tumour epithelium indicate that
cancer stem cells most probably reside in the parenchyma of sali-
vary gland neoplasms. Lack of significant differences in their
expressions between tumour centre and periphery suggests that
CSC activity is unrelated to tumour invasion. (Grant No PPPC/
C1-2013/DGCB/01).
FC128
Disease Progression and Monitoring Role of Oral Cytological
Smears in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Malik Adeel Anwar1
, Nadia Naseem1
, Saira Elaine Khan2
,
Muhammad Ahmad Saeed2
, Nighat Mir Ahmed2
, Abdul Hanan
Nagi1
1
Department of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences,
Lahore, Pakistan., 2
Division of Rheumatology, Fatima Memorial
Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.
Aim and purpose: This study was designed to observe the cytologi-
cal changes in the buccal mucosa of the patients with SLE on
treatment.
Materials and method: Detailed history and oral findings were
recorded from n = 100 patients diagnosed with SLE. Oral smears
were prepared and examined microscopically using routine and
special stains.
Results: The male to female ratio was 1:9. Mean age was
28.54 Æ 10.09 years with majority (52%) of patient in 21–
35 years age group. Most (51%) of the patients belonged to poor
socioeconomic status. A total of 13% patients had positive family
history of SLE. The mean duration of disease was
4.87 Æ 4.7 years. Mean corticosteroid intake was
13.35 Æ 15.9 mg per day. On clinical examination photosensivity
were present in 62% followed by arthritis (55%), nephritis (53%),
xerostomia (52%), glossitis (34%), gingival bleeding (32%), lip
ulcers (31%), oral ulcers (24%), hair loss (23%), malar rash
(15%) and skin lesions (12%). Most (10%) of the ulcers were pre-
sent on tongue. On cytological examination, buccal squamous cells
demonstrated binucleation (85%), micronuclei (79%), prominent
nucleoli (71%), karyorrhexis (40%), karyolysis (40%), pleomor-
phism (26%). Mild acute and chronic inflammation (30%) with
inflammatory (14%) and non-inflammatory (12%) atypical
changes in keratocytes were also seen. Significant association was
observed between disease duration and inflammation (p = 0.001),
prominent nucleoli and age (0.009), micro nucleoli and malar rash
(0.015) and non-inflammatory atypia and gingival bleeding
(p = 0.050).
Summary and conclusions: Immune mediated diseases cause vari-
ous reactive changes in oral mucosa ranging from inflammation to
atypical epithelial morphology which were observed to be increas-
ing with progression of disease.
12:30-13:30
Theme: Preventive Dentistry - Orthodontics
FC129
Four Years Stability Evaluation of Skeletal, Dental and Soft Tissue
Changes Obtained by Jasper Jumper Appliance
Atia Abd Elwareth Yousef
Faculty of dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Aim and purpose: To evaluate the stability of skeletal, dental and
soft tissue changes obtained by jasper jumper appliance used for
correction of developing class II division 1 malocclusion without
premolar extraction after four years of finishing the treatment.
Materials and method: 10 patients with developing class II division
1 malocclusion with horizontal or normal growth pattern their age
at the start of treatment was ranged from 11 to 14 year Each
patient was treated with fixed orthodontic appliance and Jasper
Jumper appliance (Jaspar 1987 and Jasper and McNamara 1995).
For each patient’s lateral cephalometric x ray was done just after
correction of class II malocclusion and removal of jasper jumper
appliance.
All patient was re-evaluated after four years of finishing the treat-
ment and another lateral cephalometric x ray was done. Both
cephalometric x ray was compared to evaluate the stability of the
skeletal, dental and soft tissue results obtained by jasper jumper
appliance by statistical analysis using student t test with critical
value 0.05.
Results: all skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes obtained by jas-
per jumper appliance are stable over a period of four years except
overjet which increased by 1.6°, ANB angle which increased by
1.9°, lower incisor to mandibular plane angle which increased by
2.3° and dental arch depth which increased by 3.6 and 3.4 mm
for upper and lower arch respectively.
Summary and conclusions: All developing class II division 1
malocclusion treated by jasper jumper appliance without premolar
extraction need a close follow up and long period of retention.
69

FC130
Endogenous IGF-I Production by Exercised Skeletal Muscle
Construct; Effects of Different Strain Regimes
Zurairah Ibrahim1
, Rishma Shah2
, Nigel Hunt2
, Kris Gellynck2
1
Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Science University of Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., 2
University College London, London,
United Kingdom
Aim and purpose: To investigate the response of skeletal muscle
constructs to different strain regimes.
Materials and method: Muscle constructs with seeding density of
5 million cells/ml were subjected to three strain regimes: the con-
trol group underwent static endogenous tension, another group
was strained intermittently every 12 h, and the final group was
exposed to a constant strain of 10%. The experimental period was
five days throughout which endogenous insulin-like growth factor-
I (IGF-I) production was quantified by the enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to also quantify the expression
of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth fac-
tor-I receptor (IGF-IR), myostatin and myosin heavy chain (MYH)
genes.
Results: The endogenous IGF-I protein production was signifi-
cantly higher in the intermittently strained group compared to the
control and fixed strain groups. The myostatin gene were not
expressed at all in the intermittent strain group but expressed at
similar levels in the fixed strain and control groups. The develop-
mental MYH genes (MYH3 and MYH8) were expressed highest
in the control group followed by intermittent strain and fixed
strain group. The adult MYH genes (MYH1, MYH2 and MYH7)
were expressed variably in all groups at the end phase of the
experiment.
Summary and conclusions: Endogenous IGF-I production was sig-
nificantly greater when muscle constructs were exposed to inter-
mittent strain compared to fixed strain. The mechanical strain
applied whether intermittently or passively to muscle constructs
encouraged fibre phenotype transition towards hybrid type sug-
gesting for a better adaptation towards functional change.
FC131
Psychological Impact of Visible Differences in Patients with
Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies
Varun Pratap Singh1
, Tim Moss2
1
Specialist Orthodontist, Al Ain, UAE., 2
Associate Professor of
Health Psychology Director of Postgraduate Research, Faculty of
Health and Applied Sciences University of the West of England
Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
Aim and purpose: Patients with craniofacial anomalies often have
appearance concerns and related social anxiety which can affect
their quality of life. This study assessed the psychological impact
of facial and dental appearance in patients with craniofacial
anomalies in comparison to a general population control group.
Materials and method: The study involved 102 adult patients
(51% male) with congenital craniofacial anomalies and 102 con-
trols (49% male). Both groups completed the Nepali version of
Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS) and the Psycho-social Impact
of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) in a clinical setting to
assess appearance-related distress, avoidance, and anxiety.
Results: There was a significant difference between patients and
controls on both PIDAQ (mean score for patients 33.25 Æ 9.45
while for controls 27.52 Æ 5.67, p 0.001) and DAS59 scores
(mean score for patients 159.16 Æ 31.54 while for controls
77.64 Æ 6.57, p 0.001), indicating that patients experienced
greater negative psychological impact of living with their appear-
ance (PIDAQ) and more appearance-related distress (DAS) than
controls. DAS scores were not associated with gender. There was
no association of the place of residence (rural vs. urban) with
PIDAQ or DAS59 scores.
Summary and conclusions: There is a significant psychological
impact of altered facial and dental appearance in patients with
craniofacial anomalies compared to controls. There was no effect
of locality (rural/urban) on the psychological impact of facial and
dental appearance in patients.
FC132
Awareness of Orthodontic Treatment among Medical Students
Virsha Naseem Butt1
, Sabeen Khalid2
, Gul Zehra Zaidi2
,
Mariyum Fakhruddin2
, Saima Akram Butt3
1
Department of Dentistry, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi,
Pakistan, 2
Department of Dentistry, Dow University of Health
Department of Oral Pathology,
Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: To assess the awareness of orthodontic com-
plaints among medical students.
Materials and method: Medical doctors are the primary caregivers
in most of the health related complaints. Their unawareness
related to the orthodontic complaints will result as a hindrance in
the way of reference, diagnosis and treatment of malocclusion and
orthodontic care. Considering the fact, that present day medical
students are the doctors of future we sought to research their
levels of awareness in the orthodontic field. A cross sectional sur-
vey was conducted in Dow University of Health and Sciences. A
self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from a
sample of 300 male and female MBBS students.
Results: The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 16.
Response rate was 100%. 76.6% (n = 230) students were familiar
with the term orthodontics. Out of the complete sample 60.3%
(n = 181) perceived orthodontics as treatment of crooked teeth,
24.6% (n = 74) considered it treatment through filing while 15%
(n = 45) regarded other with denture making. 51.3% (n = 154)
recalled orthodontic treatment done in relatives while 57%
(n = 171) said they would recommend orthodontics as a career.
The factors preventing orthodontic treatments were cited as time
required for treatment 32.3% (n = 97), cost 30.6% (n = 92), dis-
comfort 37% (n = 111). 82.6% (n = 248) responded in affirmative
when asked to refer a relative to an orthodontist.
70

Summary and conclusions: The data collected from the survey
revealed limited awareness of orthodontics in medical students.
Incorporating oral health would enable them to identify mal occlu-
sions, aware the patients and make appropriate referrals.
14:00-15:00
Theme: Dental Treatment Restorative Dentistry - Prosthetics
FC133
Changes in Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase - 8 after
Insertion Metal Crown
Ike Damayanti, Edy Machmud, Mohammad Dharmautama,
Chusnul Chotimah, Muhammad Iqbal, Fenny Iriyanti, Budiyanti
Rukma
Department Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Aim and purpose: Gen matriks metalloproteinase – 8 is the major
collagenase contained in human gingival inflammation. The
research aims to changes in gene expression of matriks metallopro-
teinase - 8 in gingival cevicular fluid (GCF) before and after inser-
tion metal crown.
Materials and method: Samples of this research were 4 subject
who treated using metal crown. GCF decision made before and
7 days after insertion crown. The sample were analyzed using
quantitative reverse transcriptiase polymerase chain reaction
(QRT-PCR) with glyceraldehyde-3 phosphotase dehydrogenas
(GAPDH) as an internal control gene.
Results: Mean before group were range 11.77 Æ 1.45 and day 7
were range 15.78 Æ with p 0.05. Result of study show an
increase in gene expression of metalloprotein-8 in GCF signifi-
cantly days 7 after insertion metal crown.
Summary and conclusions: The present result indicate that after
the insertion of metal crown show an increase in expression of
matriks metalloproteinase-8 before and 7 days after insertion on
metal crown.
FC134
Changes in Gene Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 after
Insertion Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown
Bahruddin Thalib, Ike Damayanti, Armawati Arafi, Muhammad
Iqbal, Indah Sulistiawaty, Brillyanti Horas, Budiyanti Rukma
Department Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin
University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Aim and purpose: Matrix metalloproteinase-8 play an important
role in tissue damage during inflammatory diseases. The research
aims to investigate changes in gene expression of matrix metallo-
proteinase-8 after insertion porcelain fused to metal crown.
Materials and method: Four subjects who were treated using
porcelain fused to metal crown were included in this study. Gingi-
val crevicular fluid have taken before and after insertion porcelain
fused to metal crown days 7. The samples were analyzed using
quantitative reverse transcriptiase polymerase chain reactions
(QRT-PCR) with glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase
(GAPDH) as an internal control gene.
Results: Mean before group were range 6.95 Æ 0.48 and day 7
were range 9.08 Æ 0.31 with p 0.05. Result of study show an
increase in gene expression of metalloproteinase-8 in GCF signifi-
cantly days 7 after insertion porcelain fused to metal crown.
Summary and conclusions: The present result indicate that after
the insertion of porcelain fused to metal crown show an increase
in expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in gingival crevicular
fluid significantly.
FC135
Translucence and Opalescence Properties of Different CAD/CAM
Ceramics
Tuba Yilmaz1
, Necla Demir1
, Tevfik Yavuz2
, Atiye Nilgun
Ozturk1
1
Selcßuk University Faculty of Dentistry Department of
Prosthodontics, Konya, Turkey, 2
Abant Izzet Baysal University
Faculty of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics, Bolu, Turkey
Aim and purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the
translucence and opalescence parameters of CAD/CAM ceramics
with different thickness and translucency.
Materials and method: Fifty six ceramic plates were cut from leu-
cite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD HT/LT, Ivoclar
Vivadent) and lithium-disilicate ceramic (IPS E.max CAD HT/LT,
Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks in different thickness (0.5-mm and 1.0-
mm thick; n = 7 each material) using a diamond saw under water
cooling. All the specimens were fabricated with the shade that cor-
responds to A2. Translucency parameter (TP) and the opalescence
parameter (OP) were calculated from the color difference of the
material on a black versus a white background. Data were statisti-
cally analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, Pearson’s cor-
relation.
Results: The TP values (38.27 Æ 1.6 for IPS-E.max CAD HT
1 mm thickness) increased significantly when compared with the
material thickness for each ceramic materials (p 0.05). However,
there is no statistically significant difference between the high or
low translucence (HT-LT) ceramics for the same thickness of the
same ceramic type (p 0.05). In contrast, the OP values were sig-
nificantly affected by the ceramic translucency (HT or LT) and the
ceramic thickness (p 0.05). In general, the OP statistical values
of low translucence ceramics significantly found to be higher com-
pared to the OP value of high translucence ceramics (p 0.05).
Summary and conclusions: According to the study, the translu-
cency values are significantly affected by the ceramic thickness
whereas the opalesency values are significantly affected by both
the ceramic thickness and the high or low translucency parameters
of the same ceramic type.
71

FC136
Radiographic and CLINICAL Evaluation of 500 Root form Implants
Following Immediate and Delayed Loading - 5 Years Follow Up
Dhruv Arora
Institute of Dental Excellence, New Delhi, India
Aim and purpose: To evaluate the changes in the bone levels
radiographically in both immediate and delayed loaded implants
and to evaluate success of the implant based on survival criteria.
Materials and method: Patients fulfilling the formulated inclusion
criteria for the study were included. Patients were given a total of
500 implants for the missing teeth using delayed and immediate
loading technique. Study design is prospective.
Results: Orthopantomograms and Radiovisiographs were analysed
after every 6 months after loading to evaluate the crestal bone
levels both mesial and distal in both immediate and delayed
loaded implants. The obtained values were subjected to statistical
analysis - Independent Sample t-test and Paired t-test.
Summary and conclusions: Crestal bone loss is significantly lower
in the delayed loading than immediate loading. There is a signifi-
cant difference between the two methods in relation to the bone
loss on the mesial and distal side of dental implants in both the
techniques nine after loading, with more bone loss on the distal
side of immediate loading. There was no statistical significance in
terms of success of implants.
14:00-15:00
FC137
The Neglected Zone - “Interproximal Spaces”
Kishwer Naz Siddiqi1
, Mariya Ali1
, Rukaiya Batool1
, Sara Khan1
,
Virsha Butt1
, Aneeqa Razi2
1
Department of Oral surgery, Fatima Jinnah Dental College,
Karachi, Pakistan, 2
Department of Oral Surgery, Armed Forces
Institute of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan
Aim and purpose: To spread awareness of use of interdental clean-
ing aids in fixed dental prosthesis for both the dental practitioner
and patient. And the importance of keeping these spaces hygienic.
Materials and method: Questionnaire based survey carried out for
the dental practitioner to assess the awareness, practice and rec-
ommendations of interdental cleaning aids in patients with fixed
dental prosthesis. Sample of 100 dental practitioners from Karachi
were assessed under four variables, least approachable areas for
normal brushing methods, what interdental cleaning aid is recom-
mended in their daily practice for fixed prosthesis patients,
whether or not water flossing recommended and how aware do
they think the general population is regarding the importance of
interdental cleaning aids. Data was entered in SPSS Version 16.0
to conclude the results.
Results: 82% of dental practitioners categorize interproximal
spaces as the least approachable site for a tooth brush to reach.
55% of dentists recommend interdental flossing in their daily prac-
tice for maintenance of fixed prosthesis as compared to other
interdental cleaning aids. Only 37% dentists recommend interden-
tal brushing, 77% are not aware/do not recommend water flossing
in their daily practice. According to 95% dentists, the general pop-
ulation is not aware of such aids or their importance.
Summary and conclusions: Importance of keeping interdental
areas clean in oral cavities with fixed prosthesis, is important for
improved longevity of the patient’s prosthesis and safety of oral
tissues. The general public should be motivated and educated on
interdental cleaning aids with incorporation of technology like
water flossers to improve their oral health with fixed dental pros-
thesis.
FC138
Importance and Considerations for the Dental Treatment of
Pregnant Women
Gvantsa Tabaghua
Department of medical science, Ilia State University, Tbilisi,
Georgia
Aim and purpose: To investigate relationships between the dental
and medical co-management during pregnancy, evaluation of den-
tal care in pregnant women and determination of dental treatment
obstacle factors in pregnant women.
Materials and method: In this study, 1,400 dentists and 1,200
pregnant women were surveyed using a certain questionnaire. The
results of sociological survey were analyzed statistically using
quantitative and qualitative methods of research.
Results: Data from surveys indicate that 50% to 60% of women do
not receive dental care during pregnancy. Indeed, only about 25%
of dentists provide complete treatment for conditions considered
necessary during the gestation period, delaying most treatments
until the postpartum period. Pregnant women are also less likely to
request dental treatment even in the context of free health services,
such as those provided through the National Health Service in Geor-
gia. Moreover, only about one quarter of patients are referred to a
dental examination by health providers during pregnancy.
Summary and conclusions: Based on both results collectively, these
data indicate that both health professionals and patients tend to
postpone dental treatments until after delivery and there is a need
for enhanced education and training of dentists and maternity care
providers concerning oral health in pregnancy. It is important to
understand that pregnancy involves complex physiologic, physical
and psychological changes mediated by female sex hormones that
have a profound impact, even on healthy women.
FC139
Evaluation of Dental Education Regarding the Link Between Oral
and General Health
Hande Sar Sancaklı, Taner Yucel
Department Of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
Aim and purpose: Questionnaire aimed to evaluate the dentist’s
opinions and attitudes regarding their own dental education
72

WORLD DENTAL CONGRESS ABSTRACT FCO90 PUBLISHED

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WORLD DENTAL CONGRESS ABSTRACT FCO90 PUBLISHED