1. The document discusses several common pediatric medical conditions and injuries including accidental ingestions, burns, fractures, musculoskeletal disorders like scoliosis, and various cancers. 2. It provides information on clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment approaches for each condition. 3. Nursing considerations are also outlined, such as monitoring for complications, managing pain, providing education and counseling, and supporting rehabilitation needs.

22. RENAL DISORDERS 2/3 of cases in children under 4-7 years; more common in boys Average age of onset about 2-1/2 years most common in boys Incidence Antigen- antibody reaction secondary to infection elsewhere in the body, usually a Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract Cause unknown; may follow the toxic effects of mercury or Tridione exposure or bee sting Etiology Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Childhood nephrosis Other names ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

23. Urine – contains RBC and increase specific gravity Urine – shows heavy albuminuria Laboratory findings Varying degrees of HPN maybe present, when BP is increased, cerebral manifestations may occur such as, headache, drowsiness, diplopia, vomiting and convulsions Usually normal, transient elevation may occur early Blood pressure Periorbital edema appears insidiously; tea-colored urine from hematuria, hypertension oliguria Edema appears insidiously; usually first noticed about the eyes and can advance to the legs, arms, back, pentoneal cavity and scrotum; massive protenuria, anorexia; pallor Clinical manifestations Inflammation of the kidneys; damage to the glomeruli allows excretion of red blood cells Increased permeability of the glomerular membrane to protein Pathology