Definitions

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
Lecture (01)
Introduction
Research Method Definition
Method is:
‘A way of doing anything, especially according to a regular plan’
Research is :
Well organized, Systematic ,Data based, objective oriented,
scientific inquiry .
or Investigation in to a specific problem undertaken with the
purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
Lecture (01)
Introduction
Research Method Significance
The main purpose of research is solving the problems of
society.
Following a research method is an ensured way to reach
the required results with high efficiency in an orderly and
organized way.

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
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Introduction
Research Purpose
• Review or synthesize existing knowledge.
• Investigate existing situations or problems
• Provide solutions to problems
• Explore and analyze more general issues
• Construct or create new procedures or systems
• Explain new phenomenon
• Generate new knowledge
• …or a combination of any of the above!

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
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Introduction
Science
Science is:
Using controlled methods, scientists collect observable evidence
of natural or social phenomena, record measurable data relating to
the observations, and analyze this information to construct
theoretical explanations of how things work.
Note:
Scientists are also expected to publish their information so other scientists can do
similar experiments to double check their conclusions.

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
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Scientific fields are commonly classified along two major lines:
1.Natural science
Which study natural phenomena (including biological life(
2.Social sciences
Which study human behavior and societies
3.Mathematics
Note:
These groupings are empirical sciences, which means the knowledge must be based on
observable phenomena and capable of being tested for its validity.
Science Classification

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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
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Introduction
Science Vs. Knowledge
Knowledge is :
The familiarity with information acquired from different
sources of work, study, public culture, society and family.
Science is:
The information and facts that is well thought out and based
on the evidence (the study - experiments - Sample
Measurement - Statistics - .....), with condition of sureness
without inclinations or personal whims.

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Research Methods
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The scientific method is:
the process by which scientists, collectively and over time,
endeavor to construct an accurate (that is, reliable, consistent
and non-arbitrary) representation.
Scientific Method

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Research Methods
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As a famous scientist once said:
"Smart scientisits (like smart lawyers) can come
up with very good explanations for mistaken
points of view.”

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Research Methods
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The scientific community consists of the total
body of scientists, its relationships and
interactions.
It is normally divided into "sub-communities"
each working on a particular field within
science.
Scientific Community

11. Are often used to describe scientific hypotheses or conclusions
which, while perhaps legitimate in themselves, are believed to be
used to support a position that is seen as not legitimately justified by
the totality of evidence.. There also can be an element of political or
ideological bias on all sides of such debates. Sometimes, research
may be characterized as "bad science", research that is well-
intentioned but is seen as incorrect, obsolete, incomplete, or over-
simplified expositions of scientific ideas. The term "
scientific misconduct" refers to situations such as where researchers
have intentionally misrepresented their published data or have
purposely given credit for a discovery to the wrong person.
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UD 614 - Urban Design
Research Methods
Lecture (01)
Introduction
Pseudoscience, fringe science,
and junk science