SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 8
Model Memory: A Practical Approach to Understanding Memory Amy L. Todd
Computer Model:  Information Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Working Memory Central Executive Phonological loop Visuospatial Sketchpad
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remembering & Forgetting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metacognition: Understanding your Understanding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
School  Home Connection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and remember
Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and rememberChapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and remember
Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and rememberkgsinstructor
 
Comparative chart (1)
Comparative chart (1)Comparative chart (1)
Comparative chart (1)alex trujillo
 
Group based delivery Heath and Paul
Group based delivery Heath and PaulGroup based delivery Heath and Paul
Group based delivery Heath and PaulLiz Graham
 
Media Presentation 1 B
Media Presentation 1 BMedia Presentation 1 B
Media Presentation 1 BCory A Abbott
 
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN students
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN studentsTop Ten Study Strategies for LPN students
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN studentssaurettem
 
Learning disability presentation
Learning disability presentationLearning disability presentation
Learning disability presentationMorgan Roach
 
Top nine study strategies
Top nine study strategiesTop nine study strategies
Top nine study strategiessaurettem
 
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive Theory
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive TheoryLearning Theories Group Project: Cognitive Theory
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive TheoryStephanie Conway
 
Display Formats
Display FormatsDisplay Formats
Display FormatsAlvin Lim
 
Presentation4
Presentation4Presentation4
Presentation4irvcrusoe
 
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10guest9742bd
 
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused Instruction
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused InstructionClassroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused Instruction
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused InstructionGNOCommunityInfo
 

What's hot (18)

Memory
MemoryMemory
Memory
 
Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and remember
Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and rememberChapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and remember
Chapter 8 leaning tocomprehend and remember
 
Librarian Subject Meeting
Librarian Subject MeetingLibrarian Subject Meeting
Librarian Subject Meeting
 
LearnRight Presentation Deck
LearnRight Presentation DeckLearnRight Presentation Deck
LearnRight Presentation Deck
 
Comparative chart (1)
Comparative chart (1)Comparative chart (1)
Comparative chart (1)
 
Group based delivery Heath and Paul
Group based delivery Heath and PaulGroup based delivery Heath and Paul
Group based delivery Heath and Paul
 
Media Presentation 1 B
Media Presentation 1 BMedia Presentation 1 B
Media Presentation 1 B
 
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN students
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN studentsTop Ten Study Strategies for LPN students
Top Ten Study Strategies for LPN students
 
Inspiration versus information: mind the gap. Harrop & Borg
Inspiration versus information: mind the gap. Harrop & BorgInspiration versus information: mind the gap. Harrop & Borg
Inspiration versus information: mind the gap. Harrop & Borg
 
Learning disability presentation
Learning disability presentationLearning disability presentation
Learning disability presentation
 
Top nine study strategies
Top nine study strategiesTop nine study strategies
Top nine study strategies
 
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive Theory
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive TheoryLearning Theories Group Project: Cognitive Theory
Learning Theories Group Project: Cognitive Theory
 
Display Formats
Display FormatsDisplay Formats
Display Formats
 
Presentation4
Presentation4Presentation4
Presentation4
 
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10
Viewpoints workshop - CAMEL meeting 27/04/10
 
Curriculum Design, Assessment and Feedback
Curriculum Design, Assessment and FeedbackCurriculum Design, Assessment and Feedback
Curriculum Design, Assessment and Feedback
 
Learning Styles
Learning StylesLearning Styles
Learning Styles
 
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused Instruction
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused InstructionClassroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused Instruction
Classroom Structures that Promote Standards Focused Instruction
 

Viewers also liked

Understanding Memory By: Clare Hedlund
Understanding Memory By: Clare HedlundUnderstanding Memory By: Clare Hedlund
Understanding Memory By: Clare Hedlundcghedlund
 
The cerebellum demo
The cerebellum demoThe cerebellum demo
The cerebellum demofarhan_aq91
 
Sensory memory
Sensory memorySensory memory
Sensory memoryDonitarose
 
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORY
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORYSENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORY
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORYXyrille Yves Zaide
 
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memoryCognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memoryAdi Respati
 
Short and long term memory
Short and long term memoryShort and long term memory
Short and long term memorySmiley Rathy
 
Powerpoint memory
Powerpoint memoryPowerpoint memory
Powerpoint memoryCMoondog
 
Memory PowerPoint
Memory PowerPointMemory PowerPoint
Memory PowerPointKRyder
 
Psychology Memory and Learning Power Point
Psychology Memory and Learning Power PointPsychology Memory and Learning Power Point
Psychology Memory and Learning Power PointMrTimBradley
 
Human Memory (Psychology)
Human Memory (Psychology)Human Memory (Psychology)
Human Memory (Psychology)Shara Mae Reloj
 
Psychology- Memory
Psychology- MemoryPsychology- Memory
Psychology- MemoryMya007
 

Viewers also liked (15)

Understanding Memory By: Clare Hedlund
Understanding Memory By: Clare HedlundUnderstanding Memory By: Clare Hedlund
Understanding Memory By: Clare Hedlund
 
Memory Presentation
Memory PresentationMemory Presentation
Memory Presentation
 
A Faith Popcorn Prediction: Your Brain 2.0
A Faith Popcorn Prediction: Your Brain 2.0A Faith Popcorn Prediction: Your Brain 2.0
A Faith Popcorn Prediction: Your Brain 2.0
 
The cerebellum demo
The cerebellum demoThe cerebellum demo
The cerebellum demo
 
Memory
MemoryMemory
Memory
 
Sensory memory
Sensory memorySensory memory
Sensory memory
 
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORY
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORYSENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORY
SENSORY REGISTER, SHORT & LONG-TERM MEMORY
 
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memoryCognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
Cognitive 08 - 04 short term memory
 
Short and long term memory
Short and long term memoryShort and long term memory
Short and long term memory
 
Memory and forgetting
Memory and forgettingMemory and forgetting
Memory and forgetting
 
Powerpoint memory
Powerpoint memoryPowerpoint memory
Powerpoint memory
 
Memory PowerPoint
Memory PowerPointMemory PowerPoint
Memory PowerPoint
 
Psychology Memory and Learning Power Point
Psychology Memory and Learning Power PointPsychology Memory and Learning Power Point
Psychology Memory and Learning Power Point
 
Human Memory (Psychology)
Human Memory (Psychology)Human Memory (Psychology)
Human Memory (Psychology)
 
Psychology- Memory
Psychology- MemoryPsychology- Memory
Psychology- Memory
 

Similar to Model Memory

Memory Presentation
Memory PresentationMemory Presentation
Memory Presentationjmcglinn
 
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retention
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retentionBrain-based strategies for enhancing retention
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retentioncbambenek
 
Exucetive Function in ADHD
Exucetive Function in ADHDExucetive Function in ADHD
Exucetive Function in ADHDHeba Essawy, MD
 
Memory And Learning
Memory And LearningMemory And Learning
Memory And Learningbsouther
 
Listening and memory
Listening and memoryListening and memory
Listening and memorydrmccreedy
 
Memory Techniques & Study Skills
Memory Techniques & Study SkillsMemory Techniques & Study Skills
Memory Techniques & Study SkillsMoncy Varghese
 
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)Videoconferencias UTPL
 
Study skills memory techniques
Study skills memory techniquesStudy skills memory techniques
Study skills memory techniquesGulfam Hussain
 
Memory Presentation
Memory PresentationMemory Presentation
Memory Presentationcferber
 
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...Viewpoints, University of Ulster
 

Similar to Model Memory (20)

Memory Presentation
Memory PresentationMemory Presentation
Memory Presentation
 
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retention
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retentionBrain-based strategies for enhancing retention
Brain-based strategies for enhancing retention
 
Webinar power point
Webinar power pointWebinar power point
Webinar power point
 
Cognitive Tools
Cognitive ToolsCognitive Tools
Cognitive Tools
 
Exucetive Function in ADHD
Exucetive Function in ADHDExucetive Function in ADHD
Exucetive Function in ADHD
 
Aed1061
Aed1061Aed1061
Aed1061
 
Aed1061
Aed1061Aed1061
Aed1061
 
Memory And Learning
Memory And LearningMemory And Learning
Memory And Learning
 
Listening and memory
Listening and memoryListening and memory
Listening and memory
 
Cog5 lecppt chapter05
Cog5 lecppt chapter05Cog5 lecppt chapter05
Cog5 lecppt chapter05
 
lecture_notes.10.24.11
lecture_notes.10.24.11lecture_notes.10.24.11
lecture_notes.10.24.11
 
Memory Techniques & Study Skills
Memory Techniques & Study SkillsMemory Techniques & Study Skills
Memory Techniques & Study Skills
 
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
DEVELOPMENTAL PHYCHOLOGY AND LEARNING ( II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
 
Study skills memory techniques
Study skills memory techniquesStudy skills memory techniques
Study skills memory techniques
 
Memory Presentation
Memory PresentationMemory Presentation
Memory Presentation
 
English
EnglishEnglish
English
 
Groupcfinalppt
GroupcfinalpptGroupcfinalppt
Groupcfinalppt
 
Group Bfinalppt
Group BfinalpptGroup Bfinalppt
Group Bfinalppt
 
Ldc
LdcLdc
Ldc
 
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...
Course Level Revalidation workshop, School of Computing and Mathematics, 20/0...
 

Recently uploaded

ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4MiaBumagat1
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxAnupkumar Sharma
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptxiammrhaywood
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...JhezDiaz1
 
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSJoshuaGantuangco2
 
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptx
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptxCulture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptx
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptxPoojaSen20
 
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Jisc
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomnelietumpap1
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfSpandanaRallapalli
 
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipino
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipinoFILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipino
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipinojohnmickonozaleda
 
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxKarra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxAshokKarra1
 
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPHow to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfphamnguyenenglishnb
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designMIPLM
 
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxScience 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxMaryGraceBautista27
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfErwinPantujan2
 

Recently uploaded (20)

YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxYOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
ANG SEKTOR NG agrikultura.pptx QUARTER 4
 
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptxMULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY -  GERBNER.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -CULTIVATION THEORY - GERBNER.pptx
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
 
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
 
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptx
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptxCulture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptx
Culture Uniformity or Diversity IN SOCIOLOGY.pptx
 
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
Procuring digital preservation CAN be quick and painless with our new dynamic...
 
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptxRaw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
Raw materials used in Herbal Cosmetics.pptx
 
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choomENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
ENGLISH6-Q4-W3.pptxqurter our high choom
 
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdfACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
ACC 2024 Chronicles. Cardiology. Exam.pdf
 
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipino
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipinoFILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipino
FILIPINO PSYCHology sikolohiyang pilipino
 
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptxKarra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
Karra SKD Conference Presentation Revised.pptx
 
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxLEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPHow to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
 
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdfAMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
AMERICAN LANGUAGE HUB_Level2_Student'sBook_Answerkey.pdf
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
 
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptxScience 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
Science 7 Quarter 4 Module 2: Natural Resources.pptx
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
 

Model Memory

  • 1. Model Memory: A Practical Approach to Understanding Memory Amy L. Todd
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.