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International Management
         Ch. 2 & 3
    Alyssa Munk, Hailey Hinshaw, Alex Kenworthy
 Yahoo China has suffered
   many management missteps
   which has brought the
   company to a downward spiral
   in China.
 FLAWS:

 ~President XieWen stepped down “for
   personal reasons” after 42 days on the job.

 ~ A dissident was recently arrested, he had
   a China Yahoo account. US politicians
   were up in arms over this.

 ~Major errors in programming. Spyware
   Zaps it from your downloads.
Chapter 2
      The Political, Legal and Technical
                 Environment

 “Effective management occurs when philosophies are
  recognized.”
     What does this mean?
     How can it be applied to International Management?
 Individualism – Political philosophy that people should be free to
   pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.
    Capitalism and Free-market economies
       Believe individualism increase competition, innovation, and innovation
    Example – Margaret Thatcher
       She privatized much of the UK, more than had been ever been before

 Collectivism – Political Philosophy that the goal of society as a
   whole is more important than individual desires.
    Instead of competing, people become more unified
    Originated in Germany and Italy with national socialism or fascism.

 Socialism – A moderate form of collectivism in which there is
   government ownership of institutions, and profit is not the ultimate
   goal.
    Two extremes: Communism and Social Democracy
Extremes of Socialism
 Communism – in China, Russia and much of Europe during 1970’s
    China is still communist in social rules but NOT in business rules
    Russia is in transition, but it’s CORRUPT
       In Russia, businesses require bribes before a deal can be made.


       Is this ethical? It’s just Russia’s normal way of doing things.
       Would you open a business in Russia of required to bribe?
       Would you support a business in Russia if you knew it required
         bribes to operate profitably?
       How does this corruption change the way MNCs will look to
         Russia as a potential candidate?

 Social Democracy – non-violent socialist movement
    This system has not been well received anywhere
    Since it offers less privatization, the government has to increase taxes and
      raise prices.
 Democracy – A political system in which the government is
   controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections.
    America was built on a democracy, but do you think it’s the best form
      of government?
    What are it’s advantages? Does it have any disadvantages?
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woBC5b3Ti0M

 Totalitarianism – A political system in which there is only one
   representative party which exhibits control over every facet of
   political and human life.
    Any opposition leads to imprisonment or worse.
Examples of
                 Totalitarianism:




Nazi Germany




 Fascist Italy         Soviet Union
China Celebrates 60 Years of Communist Rule




 “Today, a socialist China geared to modernization, the world and the
 future has stood rock-firm in the east of the world,” Mr. Hu said in a
 brief speech speckled with boilerplate references to Chinese-style
 socialism. The Chinese people, he said, “cannot be prouder of the
 development and progress of our great motherland.”
 In what ways do different ideologies and political
  systems influence the environment in which MNCs
  operate?



 Would these challenges be greater for Russia and
  China over those operating in the EU?
        Why or Why not?
International Regulatory Practices

 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act – an act that makes it illegal to
   influence foreign officials through personal payment or political
   contributions; made into U.S. law in 1977 because of concerns
   over bribes in international business areas.
    Critics were afraid FCPA regulations would decrease business and
      cause bad relations between the countries
    BUT…
       MNCs operated successfully under FCPA laws
       AND foreign governments applauded FCPA investigations (helped reduce all
         corruption in their countries)

 One example of international regulations includes:
    The Principle of Sovereign Immunity – an international principle of law
      which holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as
      they see fit.
    Amanda Knox
Successes in Privatization:    Privatization Yields enduring
Banks                          benefits & is good for the country as
Cities                         a whole.
Fire-Fighting
Historic Landmarks             •More than 8,500 state-owned
Judiciary                      enterprises in over 80 countries have
Land                           been privatized in the past 12 years
Libraries
National Defense              •41 firms privatized by public offerings in
Parking Meters                15 countries. among them
Parks                         •--increased returns on…
Police                        sales, assets, and equity, raised internal
Postal Services               efficiency, improved their capital
Radio Spectrum                structure, and increased capital
Railroads                     expenditures.
Rivers and Oceans (Fish and
Whales)                        • The Chilean telephone company
Roads                          doubled its capacity in the four years
Social Security                after sale. The privatized telephone
Telecommunications             company in Mexico reduced its per-unit
Wilderness and Wildlife        labor costs sharply.
Zoos
The United States Goes to the Mat                    (pg.47)


The United States accumulated a $233 billion deficit with China.
This is due to an extremely undervalued Yuan, and government subsidies and
regulations that favor Chinese Multinational Corporations.
US Tactics:
•Threats to impose tariffs on Chinese imports.
•In 2006 the US partnered with the European Union to file a complaint on China
unfairly blocking foreign-made auto parts and U.S. imports.
•Case against Chenming Paper Holdings and Gold East Paper of China over
glossy paper exports. NewPage claimed the Government subsidies not only
boosted exports but also made the goods inexpensive. China’s “non-market”
economy gave them loop holes.
China’s Response:

 •China will rewrite their tax Code and eventually eliminate tax breaks to
 Chinese businesses.
 •Draft a plan to buy 12.5 billion of U.S. goods, from mechanical to
 agricultural.

Worst Scenario could result in china abandoning the U.S. market…
However,
In 2007 The U.S. and China reached agreement to cooperate more closely in
areas of financial services, aviation, energy and environment.

 The United States recognizes that China is an economic powerhouse and that
 an excess of tariffs could result in a trade war. The U.S. government believes
 full success in this area will require it to “Go to the mat” with China.
 Technology
   Advantages and Disadvantages of technology in global
    business?

   How it’s affecting international management:
     Biotechnology is revolutionizing agriculture, medicine, and
        industry
       Nanomachines will eventually be able to remake the whole
        physical universe.
       Satellites connect even the most remote parts of the world…
        can collect data, receive images
       Automatically translating phones, allowing people to
        communicate in their own language (but tone of voice cannot be
        understood, which can be important)
       Artificial intelligence that can think on its own like a human
 Biotechnology – The integration of science and technology to
   create agriculture or medical products through industrial use and
   manipulation of living organisms.
    Is this Ethical?
    Consider: Laser eye surgery vs. Animal cloning

    DID YOU KNOW: The US is the only country that allows cloned animal
      products to be incorporated into the food supply.
Articles on Biotechnology

Genetically modified organism:
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic
material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as
recombinant DNA technology.

  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrBH5I
  WwmGM

New cancer vaccines:

University of Georgia researchers created a vaccine that dramatically reduces the
size of 90% of tumors caused by breast cancer.

“Biotechnology is a key industry in Georgia, and this year Boons founded Athens-
based company Viamune to help develop and commercialize the vaccine and the
technologies used to create it.”

“Companies like these have the potential to create stable, high-paying jobs that
have a significant social and economic impact,”
 E-Business – Businesses that run totally online.
    Mostly good for B-2-B (Business to Business), not to customers
       Do you think E-Business will be profitable?
       How will it affect the globalization process if companies are only online?

    E-Cash – country-less, boarder-less, paperless money that can easily
      be transferred online.
       How would this work (where does the money come from)?
       Do we have a dual system?
       Would it be profitable?
       Who would run it in the system?
 Telecommunication – phones are going everywhere.
   Easy to use and easy to set up
   Phones connect everyone in the world, even in the most remote
     places.
      What does this mean for international business?

 Technology, Outsourcing, and Offshoring
   Technology decreases the amount of jobs available for people
      Do you think Technology benefits or hinders the job market?
   With outsourcing, we lose jobs in the homeland
   With technology, we lose jobs to computers and machines
      Will machines be as smart and productive as people?
      Example: automated responders over the phone


 How will advances in technology and telecommunications affect
  developing countries?
Beyond the Green Corporation
•Embracing sustainability can avert costly setbacks
from environmental disasters, political protests, and
human rights or workplace abuses.


•Wal-Mart has made a series of high profile promises
to slash energy use overall, from its stores to its
trucking fleets, and purchasing more renewable
sources.
•Innovest studies 120 different factors, such as energy
use, health and safety records, litigation, employee
practices, regulatory history ect…

The purpose of this article is to show how current day
corporations have much more to consider when selling a product.
Taking care of the environment, people, and energy is a large
important task.
Going Green to Get the Green




      Toyota – Prius
      hybrid
                                    Makes phones for handicapped
                                    and low-income consumers.
                                    They are phasing out toxic
                                    materials.
Takes hardware back
and recycles it for free
Ch. 3 Ethics and Social
             Responsibility
 Ethics- study of morality and codes of conduct
   Varies from country to country
   “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”
   Dilemmas arise from conflicts between ethical standards

 Ethical Business Practices
   Chinese counterfeiting
     no clear laws against it
   Japanese banks
     bankruptcy
     What lessons can U.S. multinationals learn from the political
       and bribery scandals in Japan that can be of value to them in
       doing business in this country?
Human Rights
 No universally adopted standard of
  acceptable behavior

 Human Rights Issues
   Japanese sexual harassment
     problems with equal employment
      opportunities
     only offered lower level jobs
     don’t understand moral issues
Human Rights
 Women’s rights
 “glass ceiling”
 How do ethical practices differ in the U.S. and in
  European countries such as France and Germany?
  What implications does this have for U.S. multinationals
  operating in Europe?
Who is abusing Human Rights??




             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtzYe1
             S9AAc
Corruption
 OECD – Organization for Cooperation and
  Development
   Treaty that outlaws foreign bribery among 29 nations
   Although the treaty has narrow provisions, it did create a
    more ethical and level playing field in global business.
Corporate Social Responsibility and
               Sustainability
 Corporate Social Responsibility- actions of a firm to benefit
  society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct
  interests of the firm
   increasing pressure
 NGOs- private, not-for-profit organizations that serve
  society’s interests
 Sustainability- development that meets humanity’s needs
  without harming future generations
“We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses
and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use
our products and services. In meeting their needs everything
we do must be of high quality.”



http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=GZRfPAvNClI
NGOs, MNCs, and Ethical
          Balance
 Dramatically altered business environment globally
 NGOs have grown in number, power, and influence
 MNCs may have positive impacts in countries they do
  business

 MNC and NGO collaboration
   social and environmental projects
Response to Social
             Obligations
 MNCs maintain social and environmental standards in
  workplaces and communities

 Individual companies incorporate social responsibility
  and ethics with help of NGOs

 Companies actively responding to pressures
Corporate Governance
 Corporate governance- system by which business
  corporations are directed and controlled
   specifies delegation of rights within the corporation
   provides structure
   related to governance rules and regulations which differ
    between countries
International Assistance
 Increasing global assistance
   Focus on countries that have not benefited from
    globalization and economic integration

 Cost benefit analysis
 Global agenda goals
   Reducing poverty, hunger, illiteracy, etc.
Sovereignty and Sovereign Immunity:

The principle of Sovereignty holds that
governments have the right to rule
themselves as they see fit.

Amanda Knox


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEXzvaF
nTA4
Colgate’s Distasteful Toothpaste
In 1985 Colgate bought 50% of
Hawley and Hazel group who
produced “Darkie” Toothpaste.
It had been sold in
Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore
Malaysia, China and Thailand.
US civil rights groups were up
in arms about the name
claiming the toothpaste to be
racist. Congress got involved
and urged Colgate to change
the name. Colgate placed a
plan to change the logo within 3
years. Now the Colgate name
cannot be found on what is
today known as Darlie
Toothpaste.
Colgate Questions
1. Identify the major strategic and ethical issues faced
   by Colgate in its partnership with Hawley and Hazel.
2. What do you think Colgate should have done to
   handle the situation?
3. Is it possible for Colgate and Hawley and Hazel to
   change the toothpaste’s advertising without
   sacrificing consumer brand loyalty? Is that a
   possible reason for Colgate’s not responding
   quickly to domestic complaints?
4. In the end, was a “no management rights” clause
   good for Colgate? What could have happened
   during the negotiations process to get around this
   problem?

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Meeting_3

  • 1. International Management Ch. 2 & 3 Alyssa Munk, Hailey Hinshaw, Alex Kenworthy
  • 2.  Yahoo China has suffered many management missteps which has brought the company to a downward spiral in China.  FLAWS:  ~President XieWen stepped down “for personal reasons” after 42 days on the job.  ~ A dissident was recently arrested, he had a China Yahoo account. US politicians were up in arms over this.  ~Major errors in programming. Spyware Zaps it from your downloads.
  • 3. Chapter 2 The Political, Legal and Technical Environment  “Effective management occurs when philosophies are recognized.”  What does this mean?  How can it be applied to International Management?
  • 4.  Individualism – Political philosophy that people should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.  Capitalism and Free-market economies  Believe individualism increase competition, innovation, and innovation  Example – Margaret Thatcher  She privatized much of the UK, more than had been ever been before  Collectivism – Political Philosophy that the goal of society as a whole is more important than individual desires.  Instead of competing, people become more unified  Originated in Germany and Italy with national socialism or fascism.  Socialism – A moderate form of collectivism in which there is government ownership of institutions, and profit is not the ultimate goal.  Two extremes: Communism and Social Democracy
  • 5. Extremes of Socialism  Communism – in China, Russia and much of Europe during 1970’s  China is still communist in social rules but NOT in business rules  Russia is in transition, but it’s CORRUPT  In Russia, businesses require bribes before a deal can be made.  Is this ethical? It’s just Russia’s normal way of doing things.  Would you open a business in Russia of required to bribe?  Would you support a business in Russia if you knew it required bribes to operate profitably?  How does this corruption change the way MNCs will look to Russia as a potential candidate?  Social Democracy – non-violent socialist movement  This system has not been well received anywhere  Since it offers less privatization, the government has to increase taxes and raise prices.
  • 6.  Democracy – A political system in which the government is controlled by the citizens either directly or through elections.  America was built on a democracy, but do you think it’s the best form of government?  What are it’s advantages? Does it have any disadvantages?  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woBC5b3Ti0M  Totalitarianism – A political system in which there is only one representative party which exhibits control over every facet of political and human life.  Any opposition leads to imprisonment or worse.
  • 7. Examples of Totalitarianism: Nazi Germany Fascist Italy Soviet Union
  • 8. China Celebrates 60 Years of Communist Rule “Today, a socialist China geared to modernization, the world and the future has stood rock-firm in the east of the world,” Mr. Hu said in a brief speech speckled with boilerplate references to Chinese-style socialism. The Chinese people, he said, “cannot be prouder of the development and progress of our great motherland.”
  • 9.  In what ways do different ideologies and political systems influence the environment in which MNCs operate?  Would these challenges be greater for Russia and China over those operating in the EU?  Why or Why not?
  • 10. International Regulatory Practices  Foreign Corrupt Practices Act – an act that makes it illegal to influence foreign officials through personal payment or political contributions; made into U.S. law in 1977 because of concerns over bribes in international business areas.  Critics were afraid FCPA regulations would decrease business and cause bad relations between the countries  BUT…  MNCs operated successfully under FCPA laws  AND foreign governments applauded FCPA investigations (helped reduce all corruption in their countries)  One example of international regulations includes:  The Principle of Sovereign Immunity – an international principle of law which holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit.  Amanda Knox
  • 11. Successes in Privatization: Privatization Yields enduring Banks benefits & is good for the country as Cities a whole. Fire-Fighting Historic Landmarks •More than 8,500 state-owned Judiciary enterprises in over 80 countries have Land been privatized in the past 12 years Libraries National Defense •41 firms privatized by public offerings in Parking Meters 15 countries. among them Parks •--increased returns on… Police sales, assets, and equity, raised internal Postal Services efficiency, improved their capital Radio Spectrum structure, and increased capital Railroads expenditures. Rivers and Oceans (Fish and Whales) • The Chilean telephone company Roads doubled its capacity in the four years Social Security after sale. The privatized telephone Telecommunications company in Mexico reduced its per-unit Wilderness and Wildlife labor costs sharply. Zoos
  • 12. The United States Goes to the Mat (pg.47) The United States accumulated a $233 billion deficit with China. This is due to an extremely undervalued Yuan, and government subsidies and regulations that favor Chinese Multinational Corporations. US Tactics: •Threats to impose tariffs on Chinese imports. •In 2006 the US partnered with the European Union to file a complaint on China unfairly blocking foreign-made auto parts and U.S. imports. •Case against Chenming Paper Holdings and Gold East Paper of China over glossy paper exports. NewPage claimed the Government subsidies not only boosted exports but also made the goods inexpensive. China’s “non-market” economy gave them loop holes.
  • 13. China’s Response: •China will rewrite their tax Code and eventually eliminate tax breaks to Chinese businesses. •Draft a plan to buy 12.5 billion of U.S. goods, from mechanical to agricultural. Worst Scenario could result in china abandoning the U.S. market… However, In 2007 The U.S. and China reached agreement to cooperate more closely in areas of financial services, aviation, energy and environment. The United States recognizes that China is an economic powerhouse and that an excess of tariffs could result in a trade war. The U.S. government believes full success in this area will require it to “Go to the mat” with China.
  • 14.  Technology  Advantages and Disadvantages of technology in global business?  How it’s affecting international management:  Biotechnology is revolutionizing agriculture, medicine, and industry  Nanomachines will eventually be able to remake the whole physical universe.  Satellites connect even the most remote parts of the world… can collect data, receive images  Automatically translating phones, allowing people to communicate in their own language (but tone of voice cannot be understood, which can be important)  Artificial intelligence that can think on its own like a human
  • 15.  Biotechnology – The integration of science and technology to create agriculture or medical products through industrial use and manipulation of living organisms.  Is this Ethical?  Consider: Laser eye surgery vs. Animal cloning  DID YOU KNOW: The US is the only country that allows cloned animal products to be incorporated into the food supply.
  • 16. Articles on Biotechnology Genetically modified organism: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA technology. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrBH5I WwmGM New cancer vaccines: University of Georgia researchers created a vaccine that dramatically reduces the size of 90% of tumors caused by breast cancer. “Biotechnology is a key industry in Georgia, and this year Boons founded Athens- based company Viamune to help develop and commercialize the vaccine and the technologies used to create it.” “Companies like these have the potential to create stable, high-paying jobs that have a significant social and economic impact,”
  • 17.  E-Business – Businesses that run totally online.  Mostly good for B-2-B (Business to Business), not to customers  Do you think E-Business will be profitable?  How will it affect the globalization process if companies are only online?  E-Cash – country-less, boarder-less, paperless money that can easily be transferred online.  How would this work (where does the money come from)?  Do we have a dual system?  Would it be profitable?  Who would run it in the system?
  • 18.  Telecommunication – phones are going everywhere.  Easy to use and easy to set up  Phones connect everyone in the world, even in the most remote places.  What does this mean for international business?  Technology, Outsourcing, and Offshoring  Technology decreases the amount of jobs available for people  Do you think Technology benefits or hinders the job market?  With outsourcing, we lose jobs in the homeland  With technology, we lose jobs to computers and machines  Will machines be as smart and productive as people?  Example: automated responders over the phone  How will advances in technology and telecommunications affect developing countries?
  • 19. Beyond the Green Corporation •Embracing sustainability can avert costly setbacks from environmental disasters, political protests, and human rights or workplace abuses. •Wal-Mart has made a series of high profile promises to slash energy use overall, from its stores to its trucking fleets, and purchasing more renewable sources. •Innovest studies 120 different factors, such as energy use, health and safety records, litigation, employee practices, regulatory history ect… The purpose of this article is to show how current day corporations have much more to consider when selling a product. Taking care of the environment, people, and energy is a large important task.
  • 20. Going Green to Get the Green Toyota – Prius hybrid Makes phones for handicapped and low-income consumers. They are phasing out toxic materials. Takes hardware back and recycles it for free
  • 21. Ch. 3 Ethics and Social Responsibility  Ethics- study of morality and codes of conduct  Varies from country to country  “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”  Dilemmas arise from conflicts between ethical standards  Ethical Business Practices  Chinese counterfeiting  no clear laws against it  Japanese banks  bankruptcy  What lessons can U.S. multinationals learn from the political and bribery scandals in Japan that can be of value to them in doing business in this country?
  • 22. Human Rights  No universally adopted standard of acceptable behavior  Human Rights Issues  Japanese sexual harassment  problems with equal employment opportunities  only offered lower level jobs  don’t understand moral issues
  • 23. Human Rights  Women’s rights  “glass ceiling”  How do ethical practices differ in the U.S. and in European countries such as France and Germany? What implications does this have for U.S. multinationals operating in Europe?
  • 24. Who is abusing Human Rights?? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtzYe1 S9AAc
  • 25. Corruption  OECD – Organization for Cooperation and Development  Treaty that outlaws foreign bribery among 29 nations  Although the treaty has narrow provisions, it did create a more ethical and level playing field in global business.
  • 26. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability  Corporate Social Responsibility- actions of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct interests of the firm  increasing pressure  NGOs- private, not-for-profit organizations that serve society’s interests  Sustainability- development that meets humanity’s needs without harming future generations
  • 27. “We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services. In meeting their needs everything we do must be of high quality.” http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=GZRfPAvNClI
  • 28. NGOs, MNCs, and Ethical Balance  Dramatically altered business environment globally  NGOs have grown in number, power, and influence  MNCs may have positive impacts in countries they do business  MNC and NGO collaboration  social and environmental projects
  • 29. Response to Social Obligations  MNCs maintain social and environmental standards in workplaces and communities  Individual companies incorporate social responsibility and ethics with help of NGOs  Companies actively responding to pressures
  • 30. Corporate Governance  Corporate governance- system by which business corporations are directed and controlled  specifies delegation of rights within the corporation  provides structure  related to governance rules and regulations which differ between countries
  • 31. International Assistance  Increasing global assistance  Focus on countries that have not benefited from globalization and economic integration  Cost benefit analysis  Global agenda goals  Reducing poverty, hunger, illiteracy, etc.
  • 32. Sovereignty and Sovereign Immunity: The principle of Sovereignty holds that governments have the right to rule themselves as they see fit. Amanda Knox http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEXzvaF nTA4
  • 33. Colgate’s Distasteful Toothpaste In 1985 Colgate bought 50% of Hawley and Hazel group who produced “Darkie” Toothpaste. It had been sold in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore Malaysia, China and Thailand. US civil rights groups were up in arms about the name claiming the toothpaste to be racist. Congress got involved and urged Colgate to change the name. Colgate placed a plan to change the logo within 3 years. Now the Colgate name cannot be found on what is today known as Darlie Toothpaste.
  • 34. Colgate Questions 1. Identify the major strategic and ethical issues faced by Colgate in its partnership with Hawley and Hazel. 2. What do you think Colgate should have done to handle the situation? 3. Is it possible for Colgate and Hawley and Hazel to change the toothpaste’s advertising without sacrificing consumer brand loyalty? Is that a possible reason for Colgate’s not responding quickly to domestic complaints? 4. In the end, was a “no management rights” clause good for Colgate? What could have happened during the negotiations process to get around this problem?

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Financial