Discover the Natural Beauty of Petruk Cave

CHAPTER 1
DESKRIPTIVE TEXT
Arranged by:
• Lukman Nurhakim
• Muhammad Abdul Mujib
• Resa Novianti
A. Definition Deskriptive Text
Descriptive text is the text that serves to explain or describe something like
people, objects, environments, scenery and so on. At that time describe things
or objects, then we will expressed in detail the color, shape, character and so
on.
B. Purpose Descriptive Text
The purpose of the descriptive text that describe, explain or describe things
or objects that have been described, which are useful for providing information
to the describer and the reader.
C. Characteristic Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has several characteristics, as follows:
1. Descriptive always use the simple present tense. What's that simple present
tense? namely a tense (time) is used to declare an event that occurs at this
time or to express a general truth.
2. Descriptive Text of course also use the adjective in the sentence. Why?
because the descriptive text will explain the characteristics, color, shape or
character of the object or thing to describe.
3. The depiction of an object in the descriptive text of course very specific and
detailed, it is the goal to be easily understood.
4. Language should be clear and interesting, do not use slang language
(English slang) that is difficult to understand, and perhaps only a few people
who understand.

D. Generic Structure Descriptive Text
What is the generic structure? Generic structure is contained in the general
structure of descriptive text. So what are the generic structure in the descriptive
text? This is it :
1. Identification: Identification is part of the introduction of a text in a text
deskriptive like character recognition or character recognition and topics.
2. Description: that serves to describe or depict a case in detail and full of
color, shape, characteristics and so forth.
3. Conclusion (Conclusion): In the descriptive text, there are two kinds of
options that are concluded or not. It does not affect the shape or
functionality of descriptive text itself.
E. The example of Questions Descriptive Text
The following text is for questions 1 to 3.
Natural Bridge National Park
Natural Bridge National Park is luscious tropical rainforest. It is located 110
kilometers from south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific
Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This
scenic roadway lies in the shadow of Lamington National Park.
The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave
through which a waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a dense
rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock
pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the
glow worms. Picnic areas offers toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and
fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.
1. What is the function of paragraph 1?
a. as an identification
b. as an orientation
c. as a thesis
d. as a classification
e. as an abstract

2. The text above is in form of…
a. hortatory exposition
b. narrative
c. description
d. report
e. explanation
3. What is the communicative purpose of the text?
a. to present two points of views about natural bridge national park
b. to explain the bridge national park
c. to describe the bridge national park
d. to retell the bridge national park
e. to persuade readers to treat preserve the bridge nationl park
The following text is for questions 4 to 6
On the banks of the Chao Phraya, Bangkok’s “River of Kings”, lies a hotel
that has already set new standards of hospitality for this celebrated city.
Set in magnificently lanscaped tropical gardens, the Shangri-La Bangkok
provides guests with all the charm and warmth of the orient and, at the same
time, unsurpassed range of facilities and leisure activities.
There is a choice of 12 superb settings in which to wine and dine, a large
free-form swimming pool that overlooks the river, conventoin and meeting
facilities for up to 2000 people, and a 24-hour business centre.
And, from every single guest room and suite, there is a breathtaking view of all
the exotic hustle and bustle of the fabled “River of Kings”.
One might expect such a well-equipped and positioned hotel to be miles
away from the city center but, at Shangri-La Bangkok the busness district and
main shopping areas are mere minutes away.
From more than 200 years, Bangkok’s granduer has been reflected in the
waters of the Chao Phraya. Today, the Shangri-La Bangkok towers beside this
majestic river, offers its guests the golden promise of the East.

4. The text mainly focuses on....
a. Bangkok’s granduer
b. Shangri-La Bangkok
c. Bangkok’s ”River Kings”
d. the water of the Chao Praya
e. the majestic river in Bangkok
5. The type of text above is a/an…
a. Report
b. Recount
c. Anecdote
d. Narrative
e. descriptive
6. For how many people the meeting facilities are up to?
a. 6000 people
b. 4000 people
c. 2000 people
d. 5000 people
e. 1000 people
Paris City
Paris is the capital city of France. It is also one of the most beautiful and
famous city in the world.

Paris is called as the city of light. It is also an international fashion center.
What stylish women are wearing in Paris will be worn by women all over the
world. Paris is also famous for its world center of education. For instance, it is
the headquarters of UNESCO, the United Nations Education, Scientific and
Cultural Organization. There are other many other famous places in Paris, such
as the famous museum the louvre as well as the cathedral of Notre Dame.
However, the most famous landmark in this city must be the Eiffel Tower.
Paris is named after a group of people called the Parisii. They built a small
village on an island in the middle of the Seine River about two thousand years
ago. This island is called Ile de la Cite. It is where Notre Dame located. Today
around eight million people live in the Paris area.
a. to present two points of views about Paris
b. to explain Paris, the capital city of France
c. to describe Paris
d. to retell Paris, the capital of France
e. to persuade the readers to go to Paris, the capital of France
8. What are famous places in Paris?
a. Pisa Tower and The louvre museum
b. The cathedral of Notre Dame and Pisa Tower
c. The louvre museum, Eiffel Tower, and Pisa Tower
d. The louvre museum, Eiffel Tower, and the cathedral of Notre Dame
e. Pisa Tower abd Eiffel Tower
9. How many people live in Paris?
a. eight million people
b. seven million people
c. six million people
d. five million people
e. four million people

Orchard Road
Orchard Road is a Boulevard which becomes business and entertainment center
in Singapore. Orchard Road is surrounded by a lush tropical and flower gardens
which are beautiful. At first, Orchard Road is just a suburban street lined with
orchards, plantations nutmeg, and pepper farming. However, in the 1970s, it
turned into a shopping center in Singapore. In 1960 and 1970 entertainment
industries began to enter this road. Shopping centers such as mall and Plaza
was built in 1974.
Orchard Road runs along about 2.2 km. This road is one-way street flanked by
a variety of shopping malls, hotels and restaurants. The shopping area which
is nearly 800,000 square meters provides a wide range of Things, food, and
entertainment. In this area there are many options that can satisfy visitors from
all walks of life starting from the luxury branded things to the Popular branded,
from exclusive restaurants to fast food.
There are so many ways that can be accessed to get to Orchard road such as:
by taxi, bus or drive your own car. For those who are driving to Orchard Road
can be entered from the west through the Napier Road. Vehicles from Dunearn
Road can turn to left at the intersection of the Marriott Hotel junction. Vehicles
that come from Paterson can turn right onto Orchard Road. Orchard is always
crowded so you have to be careful in order not to get lost.
10.The text mainly focuses on
a. Singapore
b. Orchard Plantation
c. Plaza and Mall
d. Orchard road as business and entertainment center
e. Shopping Center
11.Which statement is TRUE?
a. At first Orchard Road is a crowded settlement
b. Orchard road became business and entertainment center since 1974
c. Vehicles from Dunrean road turn to the left at intersection of the
Marriott Hotel junction

d. Orchard road is infamous place at Singapore
e. Orchard road is not surrounded by flower garden
12.In the third paragraph the writer describes about?
a. The location of Orchard Road
b. The things that we can see at orchard road
c. The direction to get to Orchard Road
d. The history of Orchard Road
e. The distance of Orchard Road
Petruk Cave
Petruk cave is one of the leading tourist attractions in Kebumen, Central
Java. The cave is located in the dukuh Mandayana Candirenggo Village, Ayah
District, Kebumen regency. In the petruk cave there is no lighting that
illuminates the cave. It is still very natural cave so that petruk cave is very dark
to be entered. Petruk cave’s name is taken from the punokawan of puppet
characters that is Petruk. The cave Named Petruk cave because the length of
cave is as long as petruk’s nose.
In the cave there are 3 floors that are the first is a basic cave, Hindu caves
and Petruk cave. The base cave is a short cave which is just 100 meters away.
The cave is used for tourist attractions. Hindu cave is part of the cave that is
usually used to put offerings to the ancestor. Inside Petruk cave there are so
many stalactites and stalagmites which are really awesome. If you want to
explore this cave, you must be led by guides who are ready to take you through
the cave. After arriving at the end of the cave, you can see the beach or
waterfall located near at the end of the cave.
13.What is the text purpose?
a. To inform readers about tourism in Kebumen
b. To entertain reader about Petruk Cave
c. To explain the reader about floors in Petruk Cave
d. To Introduce The Local tourism in Kebumen
e. To describe Petruk Cave

14.Why did Petruk cave named as one of character in Punokawan puppet?
a. Because the cave is belong to Petruk
b. Because Petruk is the first explorer of the cave
c. Because Petruk is buried at the cave
d. Because the cave’s length is as long as Petruk’s nose
e. Because the cave’s depth is as deep as Petruk’s hair
15.Which part of Petruk Cave which used for place to put foods for ancestor?
a. In the basic cave
b. In petruk cave
c. In Hindu cave
d. In front of the cave
e. Inside the cave

CHAPTER 2
Narrative Text
Arranged by:
• Amri May Maulana
• Sumarni Nurhapifah
• Suhandi
A. Definition Narrative Text
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people.
B. Purpose Narrative Text
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with
a story.
C. Sorts Narrative Text
1. Fairy Stories
2. Mysteries
3. Science Fiction
4. Romances
5. Horror Stories
6. Adventure Stories
7. Fables
8. Myths and Legends
9. Historical Narratives
10.Slice Of Life
11.Personal Experience
D. Generic structure Narrative Text
a. Orientation
in which the characters, setting, and story time are set. Usually answer
the question who? When? Where? for example: Once upon a time, there
was a wolf lived in the forest.
b. Complication or problem

Telling the beginning of the problem that caused the crisis (climax).
Complication usually involves the main character.
c. Resolution
End of story can be a solution of the problem. The need for resolution
of the problem. The problem can be solved can be better or worse, happy
or sad. Sometimes there are several complications that must be solved. This
adds to the tension and maintain interest and for his readers.
d. Reorientation
a statement of the cover story and is optional. Can contain about moral
lessons, advice or instruction from the author.
E. Grammar Narrative Text
Grammar that often appear in the narrative text is tenses "Past", both
simple, past perfect, past continuous, past perfect continuous, or it could be
past future continuous.
F. Characteristic Narrative Text
a. Using specific noun as a class of people, animals, and certain objects in the
story, for example: a merchant, the moneylender.
b. Using adjectives to form phrases objects, for example: a small Italian town,
beautiful daughter.
c. Using the clues on the timing and conjunctions to sort events, for example:
when, as, dan then.
d. Using descriptive words and phrases to show the description of the scene
or event, for example: many hundred of years ago, in a small Italian town.
e. Using action verbs in the past tense, for example: as they talked, the
moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles.
f. Using speech verb mark.

G. Example Narrative Text
The Story of the Smart Parrot
A man in Puerto Rico had a wonderful parrot. There was no another parrot
like it. It was very, very smart. This parrot would say any word-except one. He
would not say the name of the town where he was born. The name of the town
was Catano.
The man tried to teach the parrot to say Catano. But the bird would not
say the word. At first the man was very nice, but then he got angry. “You are
a stupid bird! Why can’t you say the word? Sat Catano, or I will kill you!” but
the parrot would not say it. Then the man got to so angry that the shouted
over and over, “Say Catano, or I’ll kill you!” but the bird would not talk.
One day after trying for many hours to make the bird say Catano, the man
got very angry. He picked up the bird and threw him into the chicken house.
“You are more stupid than the chickens. Soon I will eat them, and I will eat
you, too.”
In the chicken house there are four old chickens. They were for Sunday’s
dinner. The man put the parrot in the chicken house and left.
The next day the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door
and stopped. He was very surprised at what he saw!
He saw three dead chickens on the floor. The parrot was screaming at the
fourth chicken, “Say Catano, or I’ll kill you!
1. Where does the story take place?
a. London
b. Puerto Rico
c. Jakarta
d. Buenos Aires
e. Bandung
2. What is the word that the parrot cannot say?
a. Catano
b. Tacano
c. Canato
d. Nacato

e. Nocata
3. What is the story about?
a. A parrot and a cat
b. A parrot and a chicken
c. A parrot and the owner
d. A parrot, the owner, and chickens
e. A wonderful parrot
Cinderella
Once upon a time there was a girl name Cindrella. She lived with her bad
step-mother and two step-sisters. She had to do all the household chores.
One day the king invited all the ladies in the kingdom to go to a ball (pesta
dansa) in the palace. He wanted to find the Crown Prince a wife.
The step sisters went to the ball that night with their mother. Cindrella
was left alone. She cried because she actually wanted to go to the ball, too.
Just then a fairy godmother came. With her magic wand, she gave
Cindrella a coach (kereta), two horses and footmen. She also gave Cindrella a
lovely dress to wear the ball and a pair of glass slippers. She told Cindrella to
come home before midnight.
At the ball, Cindrella danced all night with the Prince. The Prince fell in
love with her. At midnight, Cindrella ran home. Unfortunately, one of her
slippers slipped off at the door. She did not have time to put it back on. The
Prince was sad as he could not find Cindrella again that night.
The next day, the Prince and his men brought along the glass slipper.
They went all over the Kingdom to search for the owner.
After searching for along time, finally, they came to Cindrella’s house. The
slipper fit her. The prince was very happy to find Cindrella again. They got
married and lived ever after.
1. What is the purpose of the text above?
a. To tell us how to write a story
b. To inform what happened in the past
c. To give a description of a beautiful girl
d. To retell about Cindrella’s experience/memory

e. To entertain readers with an actual, or vicarious experience
2. What was there at the palace one day?
a. A game
b. A ball
c. A birthday party
d. Crown part
e. Glass slippers
Sangkuriang
A long time ago, the ancient land of Sunda was ruled by a king and queen
who had but a single daughter. Her name was Dayang Sumbi. She was beautiful
and clever but also pampered and spolited.
One day as she was weaving in her pavilion, she became moody and
distracted, which caused her to keep dropping her shuttle on the floor. Once
when it fell she exclaimed she would marry the one who gave it back to her.
At that very moment her dog Tumang, a demigod possessing magic powers,
came up to her with the shuttle in his mouth. Dayang Sumbi had to marry him.
They lived happily together, and Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy,
human in appearance but endowed with his father’s magic powers. She named
him Sangkuriang. As the boy grew up, he was always guarded by the faithful
dog Tumang, whom he knew only as a companion and not as his father,
Sangkuriang became handsome and brave.
One day his mother asked him to go hunting with the dog and bring her
venison for a feast. After hunting all day without success, Sangkuriang worried
about facing his mother empty-handed. Desperate, he took an arrow and shot
the dog. He returned home and handed over the meat to his pleased mother.
Soon after the feast, however, Dayang Sumbi questioned her son about the
absence of Tumang. At first he evaded her queries but finally told her what had
happened. She was horrified and struck her son so hard on the temple that he
collapsed. For that, the old king banished his daughter from the court and she

was made to roam around the kingdom. Sangkuriang recovered with a large
scar on his temple, and he too left the court to wander about the world.
Years later, Sangkuriang met a beautiful woman and instantly fell in love
with her. It was his own mother-they did not recognize each other. He pro
posed to her and she agreed to marry him. On the day before the wedding, as
she was caressing her fiancee’s hair, Dayang Sumbi detected the scar on the
temple. Horror struck her, for she was about to marry her own son,
Sangkuriang. Without revealing the whole truth to him, she tried unsuccessfully
to dissuade him. Desperate to avoid the marriage, she set conditions she
thought impossible to meet. Sangkuriang had to make a lake that filled the
whole valpley and build a boat for the couple to sail in, all before dawn.
Sangkuriang started to work. His love gave him extraordinary strength,
and he used his magic powers to summon the spirits to help him. With boulders
and mud they dammed the river in the valley and the water rose and began to
form a lake. In the early morning hours he chopped down a huge tree in the
forest and began hollowing it out to make a boat. When Dayang Sumbi saw
that he was about to accomplish what she has thought impossible, she called
on the gods to bring the sun up early and thwart Sangkuriang.
The cock crowed, the sun rose much earlier than usual, and Sangkuriang
realized he had been deceived. In a fit of fury he caused Dayang Sumbi and
kicked the half-finished boat back into the forest. There it lies upside down
today, forming the mountain Tangkuban Perahu (Upturned Boat). Not far away
is the stump of the tree Sangkuriang had felled, now called Bukit Tinggi. The
dam Sangkuriang had built caused the valley to become a lake, where both
Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi drowned themselves. They were never heard
of again.
1. Who was Dayang Sumbi’s husband ?
a. The King
b. Sangkuriang
c. Tumang
d. Her fiancee
e. Her father

2. Why did she marry her dog, Tumang ? because...
a. She exclaimed to marry one who gave it back her shuttle
b. It was a companion Sangkuriang
c. She fell in love with it
d. It was a demigod possessing magic powers
e. She detected the scar on the temple
3. What did Dayang Sumbi do after she knew about Tumang ?
a. She married Sangkuriang
b. She struck her son so hard
c. She exclaimed she would marry him
d. She asked Sangkuriang to make a lake
e. She kicked the half-finished boat back into the forest
Blue Tongue Lizard
Blue-Tongue Lizard and his wife camped near a swamp long ago. One
day Blue-Tongue Lizard went to get some food, and while he was down at the
swamp, he left his wife sitting under a shady tree. He had not been gone very
long when Taipan the Snake passed by Blue-Tongue Lizard’s camp. Taipan saw
Blue-Tongue Lizard’s wife sitting under the tree, and he decided he would steal
her away from Blue-Tongue Lizard. He made her come with him and together
they ran a long way away.
Taipan the Snake did not know that Black Bird had been watching him,
and as soon as he ran away with Blue-Tongue Lizard’s wife, Black Bird began
singing out to Blue-Tongue Lizard. ‘Your wife is gone, Taipan has taken her
away’, he cried. Blue-Tongue Lizard was still at the swamp getting food when
he heard Black Bird’s call. He went back to the shady tree where he had left his
wife and saw she was gone. He put down his bag which was full of food and
made a fire. He cooked his food and after he had finished eating it, he went to
get his spears.
He found they had all been broken by Taipan. Then he found the tracks
of his wife and Taipan, and he followed them. Blue-Tongue Lizard followed their
tracks until he came to a tree in which a freshly killed emu had been hung. It

had been killed by Taipan and left there to be eaten that night. Blue-Tongue
Lizard knew that Taipan and his wife must be nearby and he soon found them
near a river. When Taipan saw Blue-Tongue Lizard he ran to get his spears but
Blue-Tongue Lizard had already broken them.
‘We can fight with our teeth’, said Blue-Tongue Lizard. Taipan agreed
and the two of them fought wildly, each of them trying to get a hold of the
other. Until finally Blue-Tongue Lizard caught hold of Taipan’s body in his
powerful jaws, and bit him in half. With Taipan the Snake dead, Blue-Tongue
took back his wife and together they returned to the swamp.
1. Who are the main characters in this folktale?
a. Blue-Tongue Lizard and Black Bird
b. Blue-Tongue Lizard and Taipan the Snake
c. Snake and Blue-Tongue Lizard
d. Taipan and Snake and Black Bird
e. Blue-Tongue Lizard’s wife and Black Bird
2. Who passed by Blue-Tongue Lizard’s camp?
a. Black Bird did
b. Blue-Tongue Lizard did
c. Blue-Tongue Lizard’s wife did
d. Taipan the Snake did
e. Emu did
3. Who was watching when Taipan took Blue-Tongue’s wife?
a. Black Bird
b. Taipan
c. Lizard
d. The swamp
e. Blue Bird

The Rabbit Revenge
Long, long ago a rabbit and lion were neighbors. The lion was very
proud, and was fond of boasting about his strength. And thought they were
such close neighbors, the lion look down upon the rabbit, and use to bully and
frighten her. Finally, the rabbit could stand it no longer and wanted to get her
own back.
One day she went to the lion and said,” Good day, respected elder
brother. Image it, I met an animal over there who looked exactly like you, and
he said to me, ‘Is there anyone in the world who dares stand up to me? If there
is, let me come and have a duel with me. If there is no one, all of you have to
submit to my rule and be my servants!” “Oh, he was an intolerable braggart!
He is so puffed up with pride that his eyes can’t even light on anymore!” added
the rabbit.
“Oho,” the lion said. “Didn’t you mention me to him?”
“Yes, indeed, “the rabbit replied. “But it would have been better if I hadn’t.
When I described how strong you were, he just sneered and said dreadfully
rude things. He even went so far as to say that he wouldn’t take you for his
attendant!”
The lion flew into a rage and roared, “Where is he? Where is he?”
Soon the rabbit took the lion a hill and, not going to near herself, pointed to a
well from a distance, and said,”He is down there, in the well.”
The lion hastened to the well and glared angrily into it. Yes there was
his rival who even glared back at him angrily. The lion roared, and his enemy
roared back. The lion become so furious that his hair stood on end. So did his
enemy on the well. The lion show his teeth and lashed out with his paws to
scare his rival and his enemy in the well retaliated! In a fit of anger the lion
sprang into the air with all his might and then flung himself at the enemy in the
well. The result was that the proud lion was instantly drowned.
1. What do you thing of the animal on the well?

a. The image of the lion himself
b. An intolerable braggart
c. A stronger animal
d. Another lion
e. His neighbor
2. What can we learn from the story?
a. Be a good neighbor
b. Don’t be so arrogant
c. We must help each other
d. An enemy can be a good friend
e. A friend in need is a friend indeed
3. The generic structure of the text is……
a. Orientation > Complication > Resolution > Re-Orientation
b. Orientation > Events > Re- Orientation
c. General Classification > Description
d. Identification > Description
e. Newsworthy Events > Background Events > Sources

CHAPTER 3
Report Text
Arranged by:
• Restu Nuranisa
• Sari Nurul Zannah
• Siska Andriesta
A. Definition Report Text
Report is a text which present information about something, as it is. It is
as a result of systematic observation and analyses.
B. Purpose Report Text
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They
generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made:
mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture,
transportation, and so on.
C. Generic Structure
1. General Classification
Contain general statements about the subject discussed or addressed.
2. Description
is the part that gives details about the description of the subject
discussed in the general classification.
D. Grammar Report Text
1. Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our
dog.
2. Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles.
3. Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly.
4. Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones
always begin over the sea.
5. Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map.

6. Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information.
repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
E. Characteristic Report Text
1. Using sentence patterns Simple Present Tense.
2. Using common noun (general nouns).
3. Using the verb that are interconnected (Relating verbs)
4. Consisting of an object plus other objects of nature.
F. Example Report Text
TEXT 1
Fungi used to be considered as a part of the plant kingdom, but they are
now though to be quite different.
The main part of the fungus is a mass of tiny thread called mycelium.
Fungi live on the other organic matter in the soil. Fungi are the most important
agent in the breakdown of dead plant and animal material, recycling it so that
plants can use the nutrients. Fungi live in damp areas on in water because they
have no method of preventing their fragile threads drying out. They cannot
survive dry atmospheres. There are around 50,000 species of fungi and they
include yeast, rusts, smuts, mildews, mould and mushrooms.
a. To give entertainment or amusement to the readers
b. To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of nature.
c. To persuade the reader with its argument.
d. To present (at least) many different aspects of an issue.
e. To describe how something is accomplished.
2. The text describes about…
a. species of fungi in the world
b. characteristics of plant kingdom
c. area where fungi live
d. fungi as a quite different plant

e. importance of fungi
3. Which one of the following sentences is NOT TRUE according to the text?
a. Fungi have a method to survive in dry atmosphere
b. Mycelium is a mass of tiny thread of fungus
c. Fungi can survive only in damp area of water
d. Mushroom is one among the 50,000 species of fungi.
e. Fungi are quite different plant in the plant kingdom
TEXT 2
An elephant is the largest and strongest animals. It is a strange looking
animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small
tail, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a long nose, the trunk.
The trunk is elephant’s peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The
elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a
shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them into its mouth. In fact the
trunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very
clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly.
The elephant is a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its
great strength make it a very useful servant to man and it can be trained to
serve in many ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight.
1. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that …..
a. elephants are strong
b. elephants can lift logs
c. elephants are servant
d. elephants are very useful
e. elephants must be trained
2. Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first
paragraph?
a. It looks strange
b. It is heavy
c. It is wild

d. It has trunk
e. It has small tail
3. It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following,
EXCEPT ……
a. to eat
b. to push
c. to drink
d. to carry things
e. to squirt water over the body
TEXT 3
Birds belong to a class of warm blooded vertebrate animals with feather
covered bodies. Next to the mammals, birds are the most important group of
land-living vertebrates. All birds have feathers, although in some types,
particularly those that can not fly, the normal structure of the feathers may be
much modified and be downy, woolly, or straw like. The forelimbs of birds are
modified into wings. The bony part of the tail, except in the very earliest fossil
birds, is very short, and the visible tail is composed of feathers only. The teeth
are absent except in some fossil forms. As in mammals-the only other group of
warm blooded animal-the circulation is highly perfected so that there is no
mixing of arterial and venous blood, but the arrangement of veins and arteries
by which this is accomplished, is different in the two groups. Birds have keen
hearing, although they have no external ears. The sense of sight also is very
keen, but the sense of smell is weak or lacking, except in a small few vultures
and other birds.
1. The passage is about the …… of birds.
a. Species
b. Definition
c. Clarification
d. Classification
e. Characteristics

2. From the text we can conclude that both birds and mammals have …….
a. Backbones
b. keen sights
c. Keen hearing
d. downy feathers
e. weak sense of smell
3. Which of the following is NOT possessed by bird?
a. Feathers
b. Wings
c. Teeth
d. Tails
e. Ears
TEXT 4
A kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia, although it has a smaller
relative, called wallaby, which lives on the Australian island of Tasmania and
also in New Guinea.
Kangaroos eat grass and plants. They have short front legs, but very long
and very strong back legs and a tail. These they use for sitting up on and for
jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward jumps of over eight
meters, and leap across fences more than three meters high. They can also run
at speeds of over 45 kilometers per hour.
The largest kangaroos are the Great Grey Kangaroo and the Red Kangaroo.
Adults grow to a length of 1.60 meters and weigh over 90 kilos.
Kangaroos are marsupials. This means that the female kangaroo has an
external pouch on the front of her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny when it
is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where it spends its first five months
of life.
1. Kangaroo’s smaller relative is found …..
a. not only in Australia island
b. only in Australia

c. only in Australian island
d. only in Irian island
e. only in Tasmania
2. “ Kangaroos are marsupials” (paragraph-4)
The word ’marsupials’ means …..
a. an animal which can make forward jump
b. an animal which has front and back legs to jump
c. an animal which eats grass and plants
d. an animal which has an external pouch in front
e. an animal which spends its first five months of life
3. “These they use for sitting up on and for jumping.” (Paragraph 2).
The underlined word refers to ……
a. Legs
b. Kangoroos
c. Plants
d. Marsupials
e. Fences
TEXT 4
Spiders are not insects. They are arachnids. Arachnids have four pairs of
legs but only two body parts. Insects have three pairs of legs and three body
parts. Spiders have two to four pairs of eyes. They can see extremely well.
Spiders eat small insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and sometime bit
people. When a spider bites insect, it does not kill the insect immediately.
Instead a special poison passes through its fangs, and this poison paralyzed
the body to the unlucky insects.
Most spiders make their own homes. They do this with a special substance
produced by their bodies. In the corner of some rooms it is possible to find a
spider’s web where the spider is waiting for its next dinner guest.

1. The spider has special teeth called …..
a. Poison
b. Fangs
c. Arachnids
d. Quest
e. Substance
2. The statement that is TRUE according to the text is…..
a. Spiders are special insects that have three pair of legs
b. Arachnids have three pairs of legs and two body parts
c. Spiders are not insects but arachnids that can see quite well
d. Spiders do not like other small insects as their food
e. Spiders are not in their web to wait for the small insects to eat
3. What is NOT the difference between spider and insect?
a. Insects have three pairs of legs
b. Spiders have four pairs of legs
c. Insects’ home are like spiders’
d. Insects have three body parts
e. Spiders have two body parts

CHAPTER 4
News Item
Arranged by:
• Muhammad Iqbal
• Nasya Meilisawati Utami
• Renaldihendrawan
A. Definition News Item Text
News item is an article or short texts that provide the latest information
(updated and teraktual) about events / occurrences of everyday newsworthy
or important where feasible and important information to be reported.
B. The Purpose of News Item
The purpose of news item text is to inform the readers aboutnewsworthy
or important events of the day.
1. Main Event/Newsworthy Event
Headlines, the part that tells the summary of an event or important
events occurred.
2. Background Event/Elaboration
Tells in detail the background of the event or events that happened,
who was involved, where and how the events occurred.
3. Source
The last part of the structure of the news item text, a news source can
be a resource statement, comment witnesses, expert opinions, or
statements from related parties of an event.
4. Grammar Used
5. The information contained in the brief headline
6. Focusing on events
7. Using action verbs
8. Using material process
9. Action verbs are verbs that show activity
10.Saying verb like "reported, said, quoted, saying, preach, quote".

D. The Example of Questions News Item Text
Questions 1-3 are based on the following monologue.
Half of all heart patients make medication errors
(Reuters Health) - Half of all heart patients made at least one medication-
related mistake after leaving the hospital, and guidance from a pharmacist
didn't seem to reduce those errors, in a new study.
Consequences of mistakes - such as forgetting to take certain drugs or
taking the wrong dose-can range from side effects like constipation to more
serious drops in blood pressure. Two percent of errors were life-threatening.
Hospitals involved in the study were already taking steps to prevent
medication mistakes in addition to the extra pharmacist intervention, said Dr.
Sunil Kripalani, the study's lead author from the Vanderbilt University Medical
Center in Nashville, Tennessee.
"We were surprised to see that in spite of these efforts that 50 percent (of
patients) were still having these medication errors," he told Reuters Health.
Although the pharmacist visits didn't help the average patient, he added,
certain ones seemed to benefit - such as patients who were on multiple drugs
or had trouble understanding health information. As for traditionally lower-risk
patients, he said other strategies to prevent errors may be needed.
1. What does the text tell us about?
a. The patient’s medication errors
b. The hospital’s medical treatments
c. The doctor’s medical treatment
d. The uncontrolled medical treatment
e. The pharmacist’s medication mistakes
2. What is the effect of medication errors?
a. Bleeding on heart
b. Health information
c. Problem in healing
d. Life—long time
e. Life –threatening

3. “… and guidance from a pharmacist didn't seem to reduce those errors
….” (part 1)
The underlined word is closest in meaning to ….
a. Improve b. Upgrade c. Decrease d. Degrade e. Increase
This text is for questions 4-5.
Spanish Thief Saw Himself as Robin Hood-Like Bandit
Madrid (Reuters) - Spain's most wanted thief, "The Loner," saw himself as
a Robin Hood-style figure and said he robbed banks only because they stole
from the public, his lawyer said Thursday.
Accused of killing three policemen and holding up more than 30 banks,
Jaime Jimenez Arbe was planning to move on to insurance companies when
he was arrested last month, Spanish media reported, citing lawyer Jose
Mariano Trillo-Figueroa.
"I am not a killer and if I was obliged to shoot at officers of the law, it
was always against my will and in order to avoid being arrested," Jimenez
said in a letter reproduced on the websites of newspapers El Pais and El
Mundo.
Trillo-Figueroa said Jimenez, who robbed the banks disguised in a false
beard and a wig, thinks of himself as Curro Jimenez, a Spanish 1970s
television bandit in the style of Robin Hood.
The Loner was arrested in Portugal, armed with a submachine gun in
preparation for another bank robbery-Reuters
4. What is the text about?
a. The websites of newspaper EI Pais and EI Mundo
b. Spanish media reporter, Jose Mariano Trillo-Figueroa
c. The arresting of Spains's most wanted thief in Portugal
d. A submachine gun in preparation for another bank robbery
e. A Spanish 1970s television bandit in the style of Robin Hood
5. Before being arrested, Jaime Jimenez Arbe . . . in Spain
a. had just robbed a policeman.

b. had robbed 30 banks
c. would have killed three officers of the law
d. Had robbed insurance companies
e. had been working for companies
6. The reason why "The Loner" robbed the banks is because . . . .
a. his lawyer helped him
b. he was the most wanted thief in Spain
c. he was accused of killing three policemen
d. he believed that the banks stole money from the public
e. he was himself as a Robin Hood-style figure
BAGHDAD (Reuters) – Six U.S. soldiers were killed by a blast north of
Baghdad on Monday, the U.S. military said on Tuesday, in one of the single
deadliest ground attacks against American forces in Iraq in months.
Three other soldiers were wounded after an explosion went off near their
vehicles in the province of Salahaddin, the military said in a statement,
without giving details. Salahaddin is a Sunni Arab insurgent stronghold.
More than 3,170 U.S. soldiers have died in Iraq since the U.S.-led invasion in
March 2003.
Iraqi and U.S. forces are in the third week of a security crackdown in
Baghdad aimed at stemming sectarian violence. U.S. military commanders
have expressed concerns that insurgents could step up attacks outside
Baghdad.
7. The text talks about ….
a. Six U.S. soldiers killed by a blast
b. Attacking against American
c. A blast north of Baghdad
d. A Sunni Arab insurgent
e. The U.S. military
8. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?
a. Insurgents could increase attacks outside Baghdad.
b. Three soldiers were wounded after an explosion went off.

c. The U.S invasion has caused more than 3,170 of its soldiers died.
d. Six, US, soldiers died due to a blast north of Baghdad on Monday.
e. Iraqi and U.S. forces are in the second week of a security crackdown in
Baghdad.
9. Iraqi and U.S. forces are in the third week of a security crackdown in
Baghdad aimed at stemming sectarian violence. (Paragraph3)
The underlined word means….
a. Line
b. Guard
c. Attack
d. Clean-Up
e. Protection
Text for questions number 1 to 5!
Thailand has a new king after Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn, 64,
accepted an invitation from parliament to succeed his father. His succession
comes 50 days after the widely loved and revered King Bhumibol died in.
October, aged 88. Prince Vajiralongkorn will be known as King Maha
Vajiralongkorn. He will also be known as Rama X, or the 10th king of
Thailand's Chakri dynasty. He addressed his people in a televised statement
on Thursday. He said: "I would like to accept the invitation for the benefit of
the Thai people." Thailand's Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha said: "May all
the Thai people unite to pray that…he may long reign as an idol and guardian
of the Thai people."
The coronation of the new king will not take place until after King
Bhumibol's cremation early next year. The new king was born on July 28,
1952. He went to schools in Australia and the UK before doing his military
training in Australia. King Maha Vajiralongkorn is widely travelled and has a
home in Germany. Over the past few years, he has undertaken more of his
father's ceremonial duties in Thailand when the late king was ill and needed
medical treatment. He also organized and participated in high-profile events
such as cycle rides around the Thai capital Bangkok. One of his first acts as

monarch will be to endorse Thailand's new constitution that has been backed
by the Thai people.
10.How old is Thailand's new King Maha Vajiralongkorn?
a. 61 b. 62 c. 63 d. 64 d. 65
11.What title will King Maha Vajiralongkorn also be known as?
a. Chakri
b. Rama X
c. Your highness
d. Sire
e. Chan-ocha
12.On what medium did King Maha Vajiralongkorn address his people?
a. In a city hall speech
b. The radio
c. The Internet
d. Television
e. In the palace
Text for questions number 6 to 10!
An Internet campaign has come to the rescue of an 80-year-old man in the
USA who was reduced to selling firewood on the roadside to pay for his wife's
medical bills. Octogenarian Kenneth Smith spent hours a day selling kindling
for $5 a bag. He started last year and was then helped by his wife of over 30
years, Helen, who was dying of lung cancer. Tragically, she lost her battle in
October and Mr Smith was left with crippling hospital fees, which wiped out his
life savings. A local woman, Jessica Pittman, saw Mr Smith and posted a
Facebook message urging people to help him. Her post has been shared over
9,000 times and motorists have stopped their car to give Mr Smith some cash.
Ms Pittman's kind deed encouraged Mr Smith's son to go a step further and
set up an online appeal. He created a page at the website GoFundMe and
donations soon came flooding in from all corners of the Earth. The online
campaign raised $20,000 in three days. Ms Pittman told the BBC that she had
"no clue" her actions would prompt such generosity. She said: "Although it will

not lessen the heartache of losing his wife, I am thankful it will at least take a
little worry off of his plate and help him make ends meet." Mr Smith said he
has been "overwhelmed" with the response. He added that even though his
wife wasn't by his side, he still feels her presence, "because she's looking down
on me," he said.
13.For how much did the man sell his bags of kindling?
a. $5 b. $6 c. $7 d. $8 e. $9
14.Who set up a web page for Mr Smith?
a. A local woman d. A company
b. His son e. The BBC
c. His daughter
15.How many times did a Facebook post get shared?
a. Just fewer than 9,000 times
b. Exactly 9,000 times
c. Around 9,000 times
d. Just 9,000 times
e. Over 9,000 times

CHAPTER 5
Analytical Exposition
Arranged by:
• Aliffia Rizqika M.
• Rifky Ramdani
• Siti Amalia
A. Definition Analytical Exposition
Analytical exposition is a kind of text that belongs to the type of
argumentation text where the text contains detailed author’s thinking about a
phenomenon that is around.
Exposition can be divided into 2 types:
1. Analytical exposition is a text that is not accompanied suggestions (just
include the opinions and arguments)
2. Hortatory exposition text is the text that accompanied the advice.
B. Social Function
The social function of this text is to convince the reader that the presented
topic is an important topic for discussion or attention by way of arguments or
the opinions that support the idea or topic.
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Explanation about Generic Structure of Analytical exposition:
1. Thesis : In section thesis, the author introduces the topic or main idea
that will be discussed. Thesis has always been in the first paragraph of
analytical exposition.
2. Arguments : The topic discussed by the author is a very important topic or
need attention. In this section this section the author presents the
arguments or the opinions that support the idea of the author, usually in a

text. Analytical exposition have more than two arguments. The more
arguments appear, the more confident the reader.
3. Reiteration : This section is always located at the end of the paragraph.
Reiteration contains rewriting or replacement of ideas that contained in
the first paragraph. Reiteration is also commonly called the conclusion.
D. Language Features of Analytical Eksposition
1. Using relational process or linking verb
Example : Be (is, am, are, was, were), feel, keep, become, stay,
appear, make
2. Using internal and causal conjunction
Example : because, by, in case, in order, since, so
3. Using general and abstract nouns
Example : car, police
4. Using technical verbs
Example : Species
5. Using relating verbs
Example : That is important
6. Using action and thinking verbs
Example : I believe
7. Using modal verbs and modal adverbs
Example : We must preserve
8. Using connectives
Example : firstly, secondly
9. Using evaluative language
Example : Important, valuable
10.Using passive voice and simple present tenses
Example : The policy is designed to an urban society.

E. The Example of Questions Analytical Eksposition
The Importance of Reading
I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why
do I say so? Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many
things in the world such as Science, technology. Sports, arts, culture, etc
written in either books, magazine, newspaper, etc.
Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about
something happening in any parts of the world which can we see directly.
Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we
read books, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment coloumn such as
comedy, short story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed.
The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a
book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at
home in our rooms.
1. Why is reading very important in our life? Because…..
a. By reading, we can get a lot of friends, relatives, experience, etc.
b. By reading, we can get little knowledge but a lot of entertainment.
c. By reading, we are always relaxed.
d. By reading, we are always happy.
e. By reading we can get a lot of knowledge, news, information and
entertainment.
2. If we want to get knowledge, what should we do?
a. buy a lot of books
b. borrow a lot of books
c. look for newspaper and magazine
d. sell and buy many expensive books
e. Read a lot of books and other printed materials.
3. What does the text tell us about?
a. The description of reading
b. The function of reading
c. The importance of reading

d. The disadvantages of reading
e. The purpose of reading
Cars Should Be Banned In The City
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution,
and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world.
Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and
trigger of asthma. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from
them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars
commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today
are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to
sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to
someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons
listed
4. What type of the text above?
a. Narrative.
b. Report.
c. Analytical.
d. Explanation.
e. Description.
5. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?
a. HIV / AIDS
b. Bronchitis
c. Liver
d. Impotent
e. Cholera
6. What tense is mostly used in the text?
a. Past tense

b. Simple present tense
c. Simple perfect tense
d. Present continuous tense
e. Past continuous tense
Smoking in Restaurant
July 5, 2008
Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is
rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects
all people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food
and not to be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it
can do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a
smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes
cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not
just in restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a
health risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.
7. Smoking in the restaurants must be avoided because...
a. It is harmful to others
b. It is impolite
c. It’s dangerous to the smokers
d. It can cause hearth and lung disease
e. All answers are correct
8. We have many reasons to say that smoking must be avoided. The word
reasons mean…..
a. Conclusion
b. point of view
c. argument
d. reinforcement

e. statement
9. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To inform the readers to the readers
b. To persuade to the readers
c. To describe to the readers
d. To tell a story to the readers
e. To argue about smoking to the readers
Learning English
Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can
mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as
a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to
support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our
minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls,
etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also
seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term
memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with
a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The
fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than
other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex
syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as
any other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose.
Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people,
place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and
encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they
are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even
revolution.

ast but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs
such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension,
translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music
and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
10.The type of the text above is …
a. Analytical exposition
b. Hortatory exposition
c. Narrative
d. Discussion
e. Explanation
11.What is the communicative purpose of the text?
a. To tell the reader about the songs
b. To entertain the reader with the songs
c. To show the reader the use of songs
d. To explain above the songs
e. To persuade the reader to use songs in learning language
12.The generic structures of the text are ….
a. Thesis – arguments – recommendation
b. General statement – sequential explanation
c. Newsworthy events – background events – sources
d. Thesis – arguments – reiteration
e. General statement – arguments
Integrated Pest Management
There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are
commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different
management operations is the most effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the
environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the
quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means
that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and
bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides
should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don't affect the ecological
balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option
to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.
13.Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?
a. Plants
b. Ecology
c. Animals.
d. Environment.
e. Human Beings
14.What can you say about paragraph two and four?
a. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
b. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
c. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm
products.
d. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph
four.
e. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on
animals mentioned in paragraph four.
15.One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …
a. killing fish and bees.
b. increasing crops productivity.
c. creating balanced ecosystem.
d. causing the pests to become inactive
e. helping reduce pollutants in the environment.

CHAPTER 6
RECOUNT TEXT
Arranged by:
• Abdul Majid
• Asep Mubarok
• Rani Marlina
A. Definition Recount Text
Recount text is very similar to narative text. Recount explores the series of
events which happened to participants.
The events are the main element in composing the text. However it just
focuses onthe events themselves ontime and palace.
B. Purpose Recount Text
The porpose of recount text is to entertain or inform the readers.
C. Generic structure of Recount Text
1. Orientation
Present the background information on the who, when, and where of
the event.
2. Events / Sequence of events
The events of the recount are presented in chronologicalorder.
3. Re-orientation / Conclution
The event starts to end the writer may provide an opinion of what has
happen.
D. Grammar Recount Text
1. Using the phrase in the form of Past Tense, for example: We went to
Bandung last year, I was very happy.
2. Using Action Verbs, for example: went, bought, wrote, slept, dll
3. Using Adverbs and Adverbial Phrase to express the time, place and manner,
for example: yesterday, at school, quickly, dll.
4. Personal participants, for example: I, my group, Jessica, dll.

5. Chronological connection, for example: first, second, then, dll.
E. Example of the Recount Text
My First Experience to Ride Motorcycle
One day, when I was ten years old, my father bought an old motorcycle.
That was " Honda 75". I think it was small light object and easy to ride it. I
persuaded my father to teach me to ride " Honda 75 ". Firstly, my father refused
my request and promised that he would teach me two or three years later, but
I still whimpered. Finally, my father surrendered and promised to teach me.
He began to teach me riding the motorcycle around a field in my village. My
father was very patient to give me some directions. I was very happy when I
realized my ability to ride a motorcycle. " Yes, I can ".
One day later, when I was alone at home, I intended to try my riding ability.
So, myself tried bravely. All ran fluently in the beginning, but when I was going
back to my home and I passed through a narrow slippery street, I got nervous.
I lost my control and I fell to the ditch.
After that, I told my father about the last accident. I imagined my father
would be angry and never let me ride again. But the reality is exactly on the
contrary, my father was very proud of me. He just gave me some advices and
since that accident, I got my father's permission to ride motorcycle.
➢ Orientation:
Who : I and my father.
When : When I was 10 years.
What happen: My father bought motorcycle and my father promised to teach
me riding.
➢ Events:
My father taught me riding motorcyle-->I could ride, finally -->
One day later, I tried riding motorcycle alone --> I fell to the ditch.
➢ Re-orientation: Last Paragraph

F. Example Questions
TEXT 1
On Wednesday, my students and I went to Yogyakarta. We stayed at
Dirgahayu Hotel which is not far from Malioboro.
On Thursday, we visited the temples in Prambanan. There are three big
temples, the Brahmana, Syiwa and Wisnu temples. They are really amazing.
We visited only Brahmana and Syiwa temples, because Wisnu temple is being
renovated.
On Friday morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent about two hours
there. We were lucky because we were led by a smart and friendly guide. Then
we continued our journey to Borobudur. We arrived there at four p.m. At 5
p.m. we heard the announcement that Borobudur gate would be closed. In the
evening we left for Jakarta by wisata bus.
1. The text above mainly discusses about……..
a. the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta
b. the writer’s first visit to Prambanan
c. the writer’s impression about the guide
d. the writer’s experience at Yogya Kraton
e. the writer’s impression about Borobudur
2. The text is written in the form of a/an………
a. Recount
b. Narrative
c. Report
d. Anecdote
e. Spoof
3. The purpose of the text is to……….
a. Tell past events
b. Entertain readers
c. Describe the smugglers
d. Report an event to the police
e. Inform readers about events of the day
4. What are the big temples in Prambanan?

a. Angkor wat, syiwa, and sudra temples
b. Paria, brahmana, and temples
c. Brahmana, syiwa, and wisnu temples
d. Wisnu, syiwa, and borobudur temples
e. Borobudur, syiwa, and brahmana temples
5. When did they go home?
a. On Saturday morning d. On Friday afternoon
b. On Friday evening e. On Saturday evening
c. On Thursday evening
TEXT 2
Last holiday my students and I went to Jogjakarta. We stayed at Morison
Hotel which is not a long way from Malioboro. On Friday, we went to the
sanctuaries in Prambanan. There are three major sanctuaries, the Brahmana,
Syiwa and Wisnu sanctuaries. They are truly stunning. We went by just
Brahmana and Syiwa sanctuaries, on the grounds that Wisnu sanctuary is being
remodeled. On Saturday morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent around
two hours there. We were fortunate on the grounds that we were driven by a
brilliant and amicable aide. At that point we proceeded with our adventure to
Borobudur. We touched base there at four p.m. At 6 p.m. we heard the
declaration that Borobudur entryway would be closed. In the evening we left
Jogjakarta by bus.
1. The content above basically talks about ……..
a. the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta
b. the writer’s first visit to Prambanan
c. the writer’s impression about the guide
d. the writer’s experience at Yogya Kraton
e. the writer’s impression about Borobudur
2. The content is composed as an/an ………
a. Recount
b. Narrative
c. Report

d. Anecdote
e. Spoof
3. What is purpose of the text………
a. tell past events
b. entertain readers
c. describe the smugglers
d. report an event to the police
e. inform readers about events of the day
TEXT 3
I am so glad that today is over. So many things have gone wrong. For some
reasons I didn’t sleep a wink last night. I was very tired when Mum called me
this morning. I fell asleep again until Mum called me again. That snooze made
me late.
I did not have time for breakfast. I was starving as I ran to catch the school
bus. I just missed it. Dad had to ride me to school. He was late for teaching at
his school and he was furious with me. He scolded me for being late.
I arrived at school on time. The teacher asked us to hand in our homework.
My homework was not in my bag. I had forgotten to put it in my bag the night
before. I usually check my bag in the morning. I did not do this because I was
late I had to do extra assignment as a punishment.
After Biology lesson, I did not tie my shoelace properly. I tripped over it.
And fell down the stairs. I hurt my knee and had to have a bandage on it.
What a terrible day! I hope that I have much better one tomorrow.
1. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To explain about something wrong.
b. To inform about the writers activities.
c. To entertain the readers about the funny story.
d. To discus about how to overcome the problem.
e. To retell about the writer’s terrible day.
2. The generic structure of the last paragraph is called …..
a. Reason
b. re-orientation

c. orientation
d. complication
e. events
3. What made everything went wrong?
a. He got up late in the morning.
b. His came to school on time.
c. His bag was left at home.
d. He got punishment from his teacher.
e. His father was late to ride him.
TEXT 4
I really enjoyed my holiday in Australia. Last Sunday I visited a marine park
called Sea World which is at surfers’ Paradise near Brisbane. It’s Australia’s
largest marine park and I had a wonderful day there.
The first thing I saw was the Oceanorium where you can watch all sorts of
sea fish and animal under water. There were huge turtles, sharks, and a
beautiful tropical sea fish. The most exciting thing was watching a man feeding
the sharks. He wore a special diving suit. Then I watched the performance of
sea animals. The saw was in a big outdoor swimming pool. There were killer
whales, dolphins and sea lions, and they did all sort of fantastic things in the
water. One of the girls in the show rode around the pool on the back of killing
whale, and another girl rode underwater on the back of a big turtle. After the
saw I had lunch. There were several big restaurant at the park and I had lunch
in a restaurant that was shape like a ship! Then I watched a wonderful water-
ski show which was held on a lake.
There were lots of other things to do at the park. There was lake cruising,
a train ride, a big water slide, swimming pools, and an incredible roller coaster
called the ‘corkscrew’- because it goes three loops upside down. But I wish I
had gone on the roller coaster ride before lunch rather than after it!
1. Which of the following sea animals is known as ‘killer’?
a. Sea lions

b. Turtles
c. Dolphins
d. Whales
e. Seals
2. What is the main idea of paragraph two?
a. There was a water-ski show held on a lake.
b. The sea animals performed fantastic things in the water.
c. The writer had lunch in one of the restaurants at the park.
d. The Oceanorium displayed all sorts of fish and animals under water.
e. The writer visited the Oceanorium to watch all sorts of fish and
performance.
3. Which of the following had made the writer very excited?
a. Watching a girl riding on a back of a turtle.
b. Watching a girl riding on a back of a whale.
c. Watching a man feeding the shark.
d. Riding the roller coaster.
e. Water skiing on the lake.
TEXT 5
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He graduated from the
University of Zurich in Switzerland in 1905. In 1905 he also did some of his
famous work in Physics. In 1919 he won the Noble Prize for Physics. Between
1919 and 1933 he lived in Germany and traveled a lot to talk to other scientists.
Then, in 1933 he had to leave Germany because of Hitler and the Nazy Party.
He moved to United States from 1933 until his death. He lived in Princetown,
New Jersey. He died on 18th April 1955.
1. What is the topic of the text?
a. The achievement of Albert Einstein.
b. The life of Albert Einstein.
c. Albert Einstein’s home town.
d. Albert Einstein’s childhood.
e. Albert Einstein’s study.
2. When did Albert Einstein win the Noble Prize?

a. In 1905
b. In 1919
c. in 1933
d. Between 1919 and 1933
e. in 1955
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
a. Albert Einstein was a Deutsch.
b. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prizes for Chemistry.
c. Albert Einstein had done some famous work in Physics before 1905.
d. Albert Einstein had spent the rest of his life in America for 21 years.
e. Albert Einstein died on age of 75 years old.

CHAPTER 7
Procedure and Biography
Arranged by:
• Khaerani Damayanti
• Sri Melasari
• Yeni Nuraeni
A. Definition Procedure Text
The procedural text tells the readers how to do or make something. The
information is presented in logical sequence of events that are broken into
steps.
A procedure is a sequence of steps in a particular order. It is also known
as instructions or directions. The most common example of procedural text is
a recipe.
There are three (3) types of procedural texts:
1. Texts that explain how something works or how to use instructions or
operation manual, for example, how to use a video game, a computer etc.
2. Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity, for example, games,
science experiments etc.
3. Texts that explain how to make something, for example recipes (Wing,
1991).
B. Structure
1. Title
It is the goal or outcome of the activity, for example; how to make
banana muffin, how to make bakso, how to operate a video game, etc.
2. Ingredient
It is the list and amount of things and materials required.
3. Steps/Method
It is the step-by-step description of how to complete the task.
4. Tips
It is the final comment or

C. Function
The social purpose of procedure text is to show how something is done
through sequence of steps which enable the reader to achieve the goal.
1. The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make
something through a sequence of actions or steps.
D. Language features of procedural text
1. Noun phrase pattern
This is the pattern we follow when writing procedural text.
Numerative Describer Classifier Noun
2 teaspoon
4 pieces
10 pieces
5 cup
Brown
Soft
Fresh
White
Palm
Japanese
Indonesian
Thai
Sugar
Tofu
chilies
Rice
2. Adverbs in procedural text
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
They tell us how, when, where and under what conditions something
happens.
Adverbs usually end in -ly but all adverbs do not end in -ly, for example:
quite, really, wonderfully, beautifully etc.
Event Circumstances
- You should fry the banana slices
- You drill the holes in the wall
- You should press the button
- You should stir the sauce
- When the class is over, walk towards
the bus
- You should filter the solution
- Add remaining vegetables to the
-for 3 minutes till they turn
golden brown
-carefully so that the holes are of the
same size.
-gently.
-vigorously, so that lumps do not form.
-quietly.
-carefully till the water is clear.
-slowly

3. Action verbs pattern.
Action verbs are used to give instructions to represent the processes
involved in completing the task.
Action Verbs Task
Cut
Put
Wash
the bananas into thin slices.
the bananas on the plate.
the vegetables before cutting them.
4. Temporal conjunction pattern.
Temporal conjunctions are used to ensure that processes are placed in
correct order.
Temporal Conjunction Proces
First,
Then,
After that,
Finally,
take a slice of bread,
spread some butter on it,
fold the bread
your bread is ready.
5. Modal verb pattern.
Modal verbs are used in instructions to lessen or heighten the degree of
requirement in completing the task.
a. You should beat the egg vigorously.
b. You might add some chilies, if you like.
c. You could add some extra holes in the plank.
E. Example Procedure Text
1. How To Make Orange Juice
a. Ingredients
✓ 2 oranges
✓ 2 teaspoons of sugar
✓ pinch of cinnamon

b. Materials
✓ Handheld juicer
✓ Sieve
✓ Glass
✓ Knife
c. Steps/Methods
✓ First, wash the oranges and put them on a cuttingboard.
✓ Then, cut the oranges into halves.
✓ After that, prepare the handheld juicer and put the oranges on the
juicer and squeeze them one by one.
✓ Continue doing this till all oranges have been juiced.
✓ If you want your juice without pulp use the sieve totake out all the
pulp.
✓ Now, add 2 teaspoons of sugar and a pinch of cinnamon if you
want andstir till the sugar and cinnamon has completely dissolved.
✓ Finally, your orange juice is ready to be served.
d. Tips
✓ You can add ice cubes to make it cold.
✓ You can peel the rind of the orange and put it on the glass as
decoration.
✓ Orange juice can stay fresh for 2 days in the fridge.
✓ Do not leave it outside
2. How To Make A Cup Of Coffee
a. Materials and Ingredients
✓ 2 spoons of sugar
✓ one spoon of coffee powder
✓ hot water
✓ a cup
✓ a spoon
b. Steps
✓ Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee
powder, a spoon.

✓ Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
✓ Pour some hot water into the cup.
✓ Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee.
✓ Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink
3. How to Charge Handphone Battery
a. Materials
✓ Handphone
✓ Battery charger
b. Steps
✓ Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the
charger plug must face upward.
✓ Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen.
✓ Charge the battery approximately 5 hours or until the battery icon
indicates that the battery is fully charged.
✓ Remove the charger by pulling out from your hand phone
4. How to Make Fried Rice
a. Ingredients
✓ a plate of rice
✓ 1 red chili pepper chopped
✓ 1 clove garlic chopped fine
✓ 1 clove chopped onion
✓ pinch of salt
✓ 2 tbsp margarine
b. Steps
✓ Crush the red pepper, garlic and onion until very fine.
✓ Add the salt and saute in margarine over low heat for 2 minutes.
✓ Add the rice and soya sauce
✓ Stir until well mixed and rice is hot.
c. Presentation
✓ Serve hot on a plate.
✓ Garnish with shredded omelet and sliced cucumber and tomatoes.

5. How to Plant Jasmine
a. Materials
✓ A packet of jasmine seeds.
✓ A small pot
✓ Loamy soil
✓ Fertilizers
✓ Water
b. Steps
✓ Mix the soil with fertilizer well to create a medium for planting the
seeds.
✓ Scatter seeds on the surface of the soil.
✓ Cover the seeds with a 3mm layer of soil.
F. Question Procedure Text
This text is for questions 1 to 3
Sepat banang (fish dish from sumbawa)
a. Ingredients
4 medium red snapper 3 medium shallots
1 lime juice 1 large red chilies
½ teaspoon salt 2 medium bird’s peppers
8 jumbo shrimps ½ cup chicken broth
3 large macadamia nuts 1 large eggplant-roasted
2 medium tomatoes-chopped 20 leaves basil-chopped
Salt and pepper-to taste
b. Steps
✓ Marinate the snapper and shrimps in lime juice and salt for at least 2
hours
✓ Place nuts, shallot, both chillies and broth in a blender. Blend to a paste.
✓ Skin the roasted eggplant and chop into small pieces.

✓ Coat the snapper and shrimp in the paste. Remove and set aside. With
the remaining paste, add the eggplant pieces, tomatoes, salt and
pepper.
✓ Saute the snapper and shrimp until done around 4 minutes per side.
Heat the eggplant mixture to a serving temperature.
✓ Serve fish over rice, topped with eggplant mixture and sprinkled with
basil.
1. What should we do with the chopped eggplant?
a. Skin the eggplant pieces
b. Fry the eggplant pieces
c. Serve it with rice and tomato sauce
d. Enjoy the eggplant piece with tomato sauce
e. Mix it with the remaining paste, tomatoes, salt and pepper.
2. It takes around ... to saute the shrimp until done on both sides.
a. Four seconds
b. Eight seconds
c. Sixteen seconds
d. Four minutes
e. Eight minutes
3. Based on the text, we should ... when making the dish.
a. Grind the basil before used
b. Divide the paste into two portions
c. Use salt and pepper to neutralise flavour
d. Use chicken broth to add flavour to the rice
e. Saute the snapper and shrimp as sonn as coated
4. Arrange the sentences in a logical saquence.
How to star a scrapbook
1) Decide on a theme for your photo album. It can be specific or general.
2) Organise the photos and mementos.
3) Group similiar items onto pages. Sort and group pictures into cohesive units.
4) Choose an album. In addition to the patterns and designs, think about the
size.

5) Decorate each page. Stickers, ribbons, chipboard, pieces and stamps are
useful for accenting photos.
The correct arragement of the above sentences is ....
a. 2-1-4-3-5 d. 5-1-3-2-4
b. 3-1-4-2-5 e. 1-3-4-2-5
c. 4-1-3-2-5
G. Definition Biography
A life story written by someone
Biography is an account of someone's life written by someone else.The
word biography comes from Medieval Greek from Bios=life + graphia =writing
= biography.
Biographies can be few words long or they can fill an entire book or two.
Biographies analyze and interpret the events in a person's life. They try to
find connections and explain the meaning of unexpected actions or mysteries.
H. Type Biography
1. A long Biography
Talks about life and times of someone in a lot more detail.
2. A short Biography
focuses only on high lights of a person's life
I. Common Characteristics of Biography
A biography:
1. is not written by the subject
2. is always written in third person.
3. is based on research not on imagination.
4. describes the person's surroundings (where, when and how the person
lived).
5. shows how the person affected other people's life through their behavior,
discoveries, social reform etc.

6. provides examples that demonstrate the person's behavior, their
accomplishments, goal, etc.
7. supplies details that illustrate the person's individuality.
8. uses vivid language to narrate events (Rosinsky, 2008).
J. Format of a Biography
A biography is a form of recount, so the structure resembles a recount
1. Structure
a. Orientation/Introduction
b. Important events in chronological order and interpretation
c. Closing remarks/Re-orientation
2. Elements
a. Setting time and place (where the person's life events took place and
when it took place)
b. Factual information about the person (the information has to be real,
not fabricated)
K. Example Biography
1. Biography Soekarno
Soekarno was born in Surabaya on June 6th 1901. Ir. Soekarno is also
well-known as the founding Father of Indonesia was the first president
known as proclaimer with Dr. Mohammad Hatta. He graduated from
Technische Hoge School (*Bandung Institute of Technology), Bandung In
1926.
On July 4th 1927, Soekarno founded the PNI (Indonesian National Party)
to achieve the independence. His charisma and intelligence made him
famous as an orator who can excite people. Dutch feel threatened by the
attitude of his nationalism. In December 1929, Soekarno and other PNI
leaders were arrested and imprisoned. PNI it self dissolved and changed
into PARTINDO. His struggles continued after he was released, but in
August 1933, the proclamator of Indonesian re-arrested and exiled to Ende,
Flores, then moved to Bengkulu.

Soekarno was released when the Japanese took over the Dutch. Japan
called Ir. Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara and K.H. Mas
Mansur founded PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) for the benefit of Japan.
However, more precisely PUTERA fight for the people’s interests. As a result,
Japan disperses PUTERA. When his position in the Asia Raya started
recessive War Allies, the Japanese established BPUPKI. At the hearing
BPUPKI on June 1st 1945, Soekarno put forward the idea of a basic State
called Pancasila. After BPUPKI disbanded, he was appointed as chairman of
PPKI. After that Japan call Soekarno, Hatta, and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat
to Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam to meet with General Terauchi to discuss the
issue of Indonesian independence. After returning to Indonesia, Soekarno
and Hatta were kidnapped by youths who had heard the news of the defeat
of Japan’s and brought to Rengasdengklok.
Finally, an agreement was reached so that Soekarno-Hatta returns to
Jakarta for preparing the manuscript of Proclamation. Together with Hatta,
Soekarno proclaimed Indonesia’s independence on behalf of Indonesian on
August 17th, 1945 in East Pegangsaan street no. 56, Jakarta. This
independence is the result of the struggle of the entire of Indonesian. One
day later, he was inaugurated as the first President of Indonesia. He ruled
for 22 years. Soekarno passed away at the age of 69 years and was buried
in Blitar, East Java. The story of Soekarno is filmed by Hanung Bramantyo
with title Soekarno:Indonesia Merdeka.
2. Biography Cristiano Ronaldo
Cristiano Ronaldo is a football player from Portugal. He is a player who
plays as a winger or center forward. He currently plays in the Spanish league
with Real Madrid and Portugal national team as a player and captain.
Ronaldo was born on February 5th, 1985, in Madeira, Portugal. His father
is Jose Dinis Aveiro and his mother is Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro.
Ronaldo has an elder brother named Hugo, and two elder sisters named
Elma and Liliana Catia. So, he was the youngest child in the family.

Ronaldo’s career began at the age of 8 years where he joined Andorinha
for 2 years (1993-1995) and then moved to Nacional de Madeira (1995-
1997), and Sporting Lisbon (2001-2003) during the junior. Since he was the
14th, he agreed with his mother to focus on football.
Sporting Lisbon in 2001 to 2003 he wore number 28. He played 25 times
and scored 3 goals. In 2003, Manchester United and Sporting hold a friendly
match. Surprisingly MU who was more superior, defeated (3-1) by Sporting.
The victory couldn’t be separated by the brilliant performances of Ronaldo
at that time.
In 2003, Ronaldo was transferred from Sporting Lisbon to Manchester
United as the most talented young player. Sir Alex Ferguson gave Ronaldo
jersey number 7. Since joining Manchester, Ronaldo suffered a very
significant body transformation, from slender to muscular. His height of 187
cm certainly made him a very dangerous player.
After seven years of grazing with the ‘Red Devils’, Ronaldo finally made
a sensation in the world by breaking the record transfer fee of 80 million
pounds, or around 1.3 trillion rupiahs, made him as the most expensive
player in football history. (Update:After 1. Pogba and 2. Bale * in 2016)
Along with Real Madrid, Ronaldo became more powerful. He managed
to record a variety of carvings football history. Such as; the first player who
managed to score 40 goals in a single La Liga season. Even in 2016, he won
the title with the national team of Portugal as European champions in
2015/2016.
With his achievements, no doubt that he will be remembered as one of
the best football players in the world.
3. Biography Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein which is considered as the greatest scientist of the 20th
century was born from a Jewish family in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany on
March 14, 1879. His father is Hermann Einstein and his mother is Paulina
Koch. In his childhood, Einstein was not like to socialize with his friends and
he was considered as a stupid boy. Although considered as stupid boy, he

loved mathematics and physics. When he was 5 years, Einstein was school
in Catholic elementary school for three years. Then he continued his study
at Luitpold Gymnasium for junior and senior secondary education when he
was 8 years old. Then Einstein went to high school at the age of 21 years
at the ETH (Technische Eidgenoe Albert Einstein got his a doctorate in 1905
after completing his dissertation, entitled “Eine Neue Bestimmung der
molecule Dimension” at the University of Zurich. Then he got the title of
professor in 1909. Albert Einstein found theory of relativity which becomes
Inspiration for scientists after him. From the results of his research, he
introduced a formula E = MC2 that is famous in the world. Then in 1921
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his theories.
In 1933 Einstein migrated along with his whole family to America
because of Nazi in Germany. Einstein worked at Princeton University and
obtained official citizenship in 1940. Albert Einstein felt sad when his work
is used to make bomb that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki city by the
Americans. Einstein closed his age on April 18, 1955 at the age of 76 years
at Princeton Hospital. He leaves a great work for the development of
knowledge.
4. Mohammad Hatta
Every year has its great men and women who are remembered for what
they have done for their country. One of Indonesia’s great men is Dr.
Mohammad Hatta. He was a man with a deep love for his country and
people.
Dr. Mohammad Hatta was born in Bukittinggi on August 12th, 1902.
While still in junior high school in Bukittinggi, he became interested in
politics and joined the League of Young Sumatrans.
He left Bukittinggi to study in Batavia. Then he went to the Netherlands.
He studied economics and gained a doctorate degree there. During his stay
there he was active in the national Movement. Because of his activities, he
was arrested.

In 1923 Hatta returned to Indonesia. He joined a political organization
called “Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia”. One of its goals was to develop
political awareness among the Indonesian people. His activities again led to
his arrest. The colonial government exiled him to Boven Digul, and later to
Banda Naira. Shortly before the Japanese invasion. He was brought back to
Java.
When the Japanese surrendered in August 1945, Soekarno and hatta
proclaimed Indonesia’s Independence. Hatta became the first vice-president
of the Republic of Indonesia.
In 1956 Hatta resigned as vice-president and devoted himself to writing.
On march 14, 1981, dr. mohammad Hatta passed away in Jakarta.
Now a days, he is no longer living among us. However, his spirit of loving
the country and nation is one of the reason why he is well remembered.
5. Ki Hajar Dewantara
The development of good character should be the heart and soul of
education, and should dominate the spirit of teaching. This was the
philosophy of the “Father of Education” in Indonesia, Ki Hajar Dewantara.
The reason, he said,was that teaching and character building are like two
sides of a coin and cannot, and should not beseparated.
Education, by definition, means guiding student lives in a strong
foundation of good character, so that they would be civilized humans of
highest moral fibre, thus laying the foundation of a great nation without
distinction of religion, ethnicity, customs, economic and social status.
Ki Hajar Dewantara was born in the royal family of Yogyakarta on 2 May
1889. His given name was Raden Mas Suwardi Suryaningrat which he later
changed to renounce his connections with the royal family. He transformed
himself into an activist, columnist, politician and pioneer of education for
Indonesians. He fought for rights of Indonesians during Dutch and Japanese
colonial eras.
He was born into an aristocratic family that granted him the privilege of
free access to education of his choice. He got his primary education from

ELS (Europeesche Lagere School), then he continued his education at Stovia
(Java Medical School) but due to health reasons he couldn't finish it. He
started writing for newspapers and eventually all his writings were focused
on Indonesian patriotism, thus anti Dutch. He was involved in the early
activities of Budi Utomo and the Indiesche Party, which were both important
in the early development of the pergerakan, the “movement” that grew up
with a nascent Indonesian national political consciousness.
He was exiled between 1913 and 1919 following the publication of two
of his articles: “Als ik eens Nederlander” (If I was a Dutchman) and “Eén
voor allen en allen voor één” (One for all and all for one). He used his time
in exile to learn more about education and obtained a Europeesche
certificate.
Following his return, he focused more on cultural and educational efforts
paving way to develop educational concepts in Indonesia. He believed that
education is very important and the most important means of freeing
Indonesians from clutches of colonization. He played a leading role in
establishing “National Onderwijs Institut Taman Siswa” in 1922. This
institution was established to educate native Indonesians during colonial
times. This institution was based on these principles:
1. Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha (the one in front sets example).
2. Ing Madya Mangun Karsa (the one in the middle builds the spirit and
encouragement).
3. Tut Wuri Handayani (the one at the back gives support)
As Ki Hajar believed that character was not merely a theoretical concept,
but a practical and living concept, he embodied his vision in his school,
Taman Siswa. The central goals of Taman Siswa emphasized character
building, including traits such as patriotism and love for the nation, and a
sense of national identity. His vision was that Indonesians would be free
from colonial powers, to fight for independence and have good character.
He continued writing but his writings took a turn from politics to education.
These writings later laid foundation of Indonesian education. Froebel,

Montessori and Tagore influenced his educational principles and in Taman
Siswa he drew some inspiration from Tagore's Shantiniketan.
After independence, he was given the office of Minister of Education and
Culture. For his efforts in pioneering education for the masses, he was
officially declared Father of Indonesian Education and his birthday is
celebrated as National Education Day. His portrait was on 20,000 rupiah
note till 2002. He was officiallyn confirmed as a National Hero of Indonesia
by the 2 President of Indonesia on 28 November 1959.
Ki Hajar Dewantara passed away on 26th April 1952 at the age of 69
years.His wife donated all Ki Hajar's belongings to Dewantara Kirti Griya
Museum, Yogyakarta. He was a great man who spent his whole life serving
his people and country.
L. Questions Biography
following text is for questions 1 to 3
Biography Charles Robert Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12,
1809. He came from a wealthy family and never had to work. He studied
medicine and theology. In 1831 he graduated from University of Cambridge
with a degree of theology.
He began a career as a scientist quite by chance. On December 27,1831,
22 years old Charles Darwin joined the crew of the HMS Beagle as a
naturalist.The five years expedition collected hydrographic, geologic, and
meteorologic data from South America and many other regions around the
world. Darwin's own observation on this voyage led to his theory of natural
selection.
Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the geologist Adam Sedgwick and
naturalist John Henslow in his development of the theory of natural selection,
which was to become the foundation concept supporting the theory of
evolution. Darwin's theory holds that environmental effects lead to varying
degrees of reproductive success in individuals and groups of organisms. Natural
selection tends to promote adaptation in organisms when necessary for

survival. This revolutionary theory was published in 1859 in Darwin's now
famous On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution believed that ....
a. People could defend themselves naturally.
b. Environment affected natural selection.
c. Organism needed adaptation to survive.
d. People and nature supported to each other.
e. Natural selection tend to adapt organism to survive.
2. How was Darwin's theory of natural selection developed?
a. Adapted by the necessary for survival.
b. Influenced by his collection.
c. Supported the effect of environment.
d. Influenced by John Henslow.
e. Affected by groups of organisms.
3. The famous Darwin theory was published based on ....
a. Theories developed by other scientists.
b. The influence of organisms adaptation in survival living.
c. The success of his observation supported by geologist and naturalist.
d. His expedition and natural observation data a scientist.
e. The observation of other geologists' natural selection.
The text is for questions 4 to 5
Charice
On first glance, charice looks like any other teenager: pretty, petite, and
filled with nonstop energy. But when the sweetfaced 17-year old open her
mouth to sing-with a profound, rich and soaring 10 decibel voice from every
inch of her 5 feet 1 inch body-the audience quite literally gasps. An at 13
million hits and countinng on you tube tell us, that audience is growing at a
staggering pace. Fast forward to may 2010: charice’s US debut CD is
scheduled to be released on 143/reprise records with her single, “pyramid”
featuring labelmate Iyaz (who recently spent four weeks at #1 with his

international smash hit, “replay”). “pyramid” will be released to top 40 radio
in march with remixes aleardy getting airplay at the clubs.
But let’s begin at the beginning: born and raised in the philippines,
charice’s talent was discovered at age 4 when her mother, also a singer,
noticed her daughter’s loud, rather enthusiastic version of “ Happy Birtday”
and decided to teach her proper vocal technique. By age 7, charice was
competing in local contests and belting out songs.
In 2007, a web-savvy fan began posting a series of charice’s performances
on youtube including appearances on the Filipino talent show “little big star”
and the popular south korean talent show”star king”. She instantly became an
authentic internet sensation attracting the attention of American TV show.
Appearances on the ellen degeneres show were followed by several
performances on the oprah winfrey show. “you are a force to be reckoned
with. That voice comes from something bigger than yourself,” raved oprah.
Enter 15-time grammy winning producer david foster who invited charice
to perform in his david foster and friends PBS show in las vegas alongside
such star studded foster produced talents as michael buble, caline dion,
andrea bocelli, and josh groban. When the “david foster and friends” show
returned to the mandalay bay the following year, charice received no less than
six standinng ovations. In between the two vegas appearances, charice went
on to perform with andrea bocelli (“the prayer”) in tuscany and caline dion at
her medison square garden show in new york city.
During charice’s most recent appearnce on oprah winfrey, her heart
stopping song “note to god” written by multi-grammy winning songwriter
diane werren became an instant top 10 hit on itunes. Charice also had a
featured role in the recent “alvin and the chipmunks” movie.
Next stop for charice, “I want to sing AND dance with justin timberlake,”
she laughed. Her 13 milion fans certainly look forward to seeing that.
4. Who first discovered charice’s singing talent?
a. Charice’s mother.

b. Her youtube fans.
c. Ellen degeneres.
d. Oprah winfrey.
e. David foster.
5. Which is correct about the text above?
a. Charice has won grammy award.
b. Charice has won 15 times grammy awards.
c. Charice performed in a populah south korean talent show.
d. Charie won the grammy with andrea bocelli.
e. Charice performed with justin timberlake.

CHAPTER 8
Discussion text
Arranged by:
• Anurzaman Agustina
• Ari Sumarna
• Erna Sari
• Nazah Sopura
A. Definition of Discussion Text
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem
will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in
philosophical, historic, and social text.
B. Generic Structure of Discussion Text
1. Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed.
2. List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented
issue.
3. List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the
supporting point.
4. Recommendation; stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse.
C. Language Feature of Discussion
1. Introducing category or generic participant
2. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
3. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand,
however, etc
4. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
5. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

D. Example Questions
TEXT 1
Birth Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is
desirable for the good of the family and society. But individuals and groups–
especially religious groups–differ sharply on the methods of birth control that
they consider moral and acceptable.
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may
want to limit or space their children or to have no children at all. Young couples
often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other
couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as
possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for
health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the
government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.
Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the
practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual
relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control.
Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.
Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are
immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage–
conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial
birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.
1. What does the text discuss about?
a. Family planning.
b. The disagreement to birth control
c. Reason to support family limitation
d. The two different opinion on birth control
e. The religious group which disagrees to birth control
1. The issue of the text is ….
a. government’s population program
b. family planning programs
c. family limitation

d. birth control
e. sex control
2. Which of the following reason do not support birth control?
a. To limit the family size.
b. To space the children birth.
c. To avoid high family budget.
d. To avoid a risk-health pregnancy.
e. To share much attention to the children.
TEXT 2
Some people agree with the rule because it indicates students’ mastery of
the whole material or the competence they have ntanaged to have over the
past three years. The result of the final exam is also significant for students’
future study in the higher level.
In addition, we are far left behind by our neighboring countries that have
implemented a higher graduation gracle standarcl. If the standard is omitted.
then student will get left behind even furlher by those students fiom
neighboring cottntries students.
However, some other people believe that imposing a high standard will not
be etfective. The results of the exams have proven to be unreliable. How can
you asses the students’ competence only in a couple of days. A smart student
for example, may get a low grade just because he is sick during the exam. On
the other hand, an idle student may achieve the standard due to luck. There
should then be an alternative way to the national exam.
Despite working on different points of view, the government’ this matter in
the hope of getting a better s relating party are intenselY solution upon
improving the Hish-School raduates’qualit.
4. What is the writer’s position in the controversy of graduation
standardizatton?

a. The writer does not take side.
b. The writer follows the government’s policy.
c. The writer is strongly against it.
d. The r,vriter supports it.
e. The writer opposes it.
5. “The implementation of the new graduation standard evoked people to
bring different responses.” (Paragraph 1)
The underlined word is closest in tneaning to ..
a. Created
b. Reminded
c. Examined
d. Gained
e. Got
TEXT 3
Some people claim that children do enough work in school already. They
also argue that children have hobbies that they want to do after school, such,
as sports or music. A further point they make is that a lot of homework is
pointless and doesn’t help the child learn at all.
However, there are also strong arguments against this point of view.
Parents and teachers argue that it is important to find out whether children can
work on their own without the support from the teacher.
They say that the evening is a good time for children to sit down and think
about what they have learned in school. Furthermore they claim that the school
day is too short to get anything done that needs doing and it makes sense to
send home tasks like independent reading or further writing tasks that don’t
need teacher’s support.
On balance, I think that some homework is a good idea but that it should
only given at the weekend when children have more time.

1. How do we compare the second and the fourth paragraph?
a. Both paragraphs argue that homework is necessary for students.
b. Unlike the fourth paragraph, the second paragraph argues that
homework is unnecessary.
c. The second paragraph supports that students need homework, but the
fourth paragraph does not.
d. The second paragraph and the fourth paragraph argue that students do
not need homework.
e. The second and the fourth paragraphs do not say anything about the
benefit of homework.
2. Those who are pro homework think that the students can … in the evening.
a. prepare for the next lesson.
b. review their lessons.
c. enjoy their pastime.
d. do their hobbies
e. test themselves
3. What is the writer’s suggestion about homework?
a. Homework is pointless.
b. Homework is badly needed.
c. Homework should be given at weekend.
d. Student should not be given homework.
e. tudent must frequently have homework.
TEXT 4
Many people say that examinations should be abolished because they are
not the best measure of student’s capabilities. These people believe that
students can study on their own and do better without the nagging worry and
pressure exerted by examinations.
Yet, there are persuasive reasons to show that examinations should not be
abolished. It is insufficient that teachers assign homework and correct it.
Because this is not done under supervision, they cannot be sure that it is really

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