The document discusses the Linux operating system. It describes Linux as an open-source, free operating system that provides office software, games, video editors, and desktop environments. It explains that Linux uses a tree-like directory structure to organize files, similar to folders in Windows. Key directories include /bin for executable programs, /home for user files, /tmp for temporary files, and /var for variable or changing data. The document also distinguishes between absolute and relative file paths.
3. Introduction
An operating system is an
software which operates your
computer.
Linux
Open source
Free of cost
All software products for linux
is free
Office
Games
Video editors
More desktop environments
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4. Linux File System
Tree like structure
AKA Directory Tree
What is a folder?
A folder that stores multiple specific files.
Used to organize information.
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5. The Directory Tree
• Pretty much similar to a family tree.
• Each directory of file has exactly one
parent.
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6. Continue…
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8. binary Directory(/bin)
• Bin directory which stands for binary.
• This directory contains executable programs and commands that can
be used by all the users present in the system.
• Opt is an another directory.
• Opt stands for optional.
• This directory contains commercial software products, not installed by your system.
/opt Directory
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9. home Directory(/home)
• It contains all folders like desktop, documents.
• A user can store any thing in home directory.
• tmp is an another directory.
• tmp stands for temporary files.
• Many programs use this to create lock files and for temporary storage of data. Do not remove
files from this directory unless you know exactly what you are doing!
/tmp Directory
/sbin Directory
• System commands live here.
• /sbin is a standard subdirectory of the root directory in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems that
contains executable (i.e., ready to run) programs.
• They are mostly administrative tools, that should be made available only to the root (i.e., administrative) user.
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10. var Directory(/var)
• Var stands for variable data.
• It contains variable data. Data that frequently changes over time.
• It includes look files, mails etc…
• It holds all configuration files for the system.
/etc Directory
/lib Directory
• It holds all library files like windows. Example: DLL files in windows
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11. Continue…
• Linux is a multi user environment.
• Which means that, multiple users can use system
simultaneously.
• Each user given a directory under home directory.
• So a user can store any thing in home directory.
• Current directory is represented with single dot (.)
• Parent directory represented with double dot.(..)
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12. Absolute vs Relative paths
• An absolute path begins with the root directory and follows
the follows the directory tree branch by branch until desired
directory or file is completed.
• Example: /home/amar/documents/phone.txt
• A relative path starts with the current working directory.
• Example: ./documents/phone.txt
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13. Continue…
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14. Recap
Operating System is a collection of different types of programs.
An operating system is an software which operates your computer.
LINUX is a open source operating system, free of cost.
Linux Directory, Windows Folder.
Directory is a tree like structure.
Absolute path is starts from origin, relative path starts from current directory.
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15. Next Session
Different types of Files in LINUX
System Calls
Intermediate File Management
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