2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
ï‚— Introduction
ï‚— Working Of Hybrid Vehicle
ï‚— Regenerative Braking
ï‚— History
ï‚— Present
ï‚— Pros & Cons Of Hybrid Vehicles
ï‚— Scope
3. Introduction.
ï‚— HYBRID means combination of two.
VIZ. I.C. Engine and Electric Motor.
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s)
 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV’s)
5. Regenerative Braking
ï‚— A regenerative brake is an energy
recovery mechanism
ï‚— Converts Kinetic energy into Electrical form.
ï‚— While braking, it absorbs 80% of kinetic energy.
6. History
ï‚— 1st hybrid car was made by Porsche in 1898.
ï‚— A 3.5 horsepower in which the small gasoline engine
was mated to an electric motor in 1900.
ï‚— In 1916, Woods claimed that their hybrid reached a
top speed of 35 mph and achieved fuel efficiency of 48
mpg.
ï‚— 1968-71 Dr. Baruch Berman, Dr. George H. Gelb and
Dr. Neal A. Richardson developed, demonstrated and
patented the Hybrid Power train.
ï‚— In 1976, General Electric was chosen to construct a
parallel-hybrid sedan, and Toyota built its first hybrid.
7. Present
A number of cars are launched after year 2000 listed as
follows:
ï‚— Toyota Prius (4 Door Sedan).
ï‚— Honda civic hybrid.
ï‚— Ford hybrid escape (1st hybrid SUV).
Many of major automakers like
Toyota, Lexus, Porsche, Mercedes, Honda etc are
launching hybrid models in the market.
8. Pros Of Hybrid Systems
ï‚— Lowered environmental impact.
ï‚— Less noise pollution.
ï‚— Increased Efficiency.
ï‚— Durable & Reliable.
ï‚— Batteries are ECO friendly.
9. Cons Of Hybrid Systems
ï‚— Costly.
ï‚— Heavy weight of batteries.
ï‚— Availability of charging stations.
10. Scope
ï‚— Regenerative braking actually makes city driving more
economical than on the highway.
ï‚— Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).
ï‚— Emissions are greatly decreased.
ï‚— Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.
ï‚— Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.
ï‚— Concern for environment is increasing among people.