This document discusses distribution automation (DA) in the electrical power system. It defines DA and describes its key functions of data acquisition, supervision, and control to remotely monitor and operate distribution components. It outlines different levels of DA including at the substation, feeder, and customer levels. Applications of DA include transformer load balancing, voltage regulation, fault isolation and sectionalizing, and improved reliability and power quality.

1. Name-Amit Garnayak
Roll No-115005
Regd. No-1101211223
Electrical Engineering

2.  Introduction
 How power reach at us?
 Tasks of automation
 Applications
 Why DA is required?
 Levels of automation
 Functions of different levels of automation
 Advantages of DA?

3.  We define automation as “the technique of making
an apparatus, a process, or a system operate
automatically.”

4.  Power system automation is the act of
automatically controlling the power system via
instrumentation and control devices.
 IEEE definition:IEEE Definition:
„A system that enables an electric utility to remotely
monitor, coordinate and operate distribution
components in a real-time mode from remote
locations.

7.  Data acquisition:
Data acquisition refers to acquiring, or collecting, data.
This data is collected in the form of measured analog current or
voltage values or the open or closed status of contact points.
 Supervision:
Computer processes and personnel supervise, or monitor,
the conditions and status of the power system using this acquired data.
 Control:
Control refers to sending command messages to a device to operate
the I&C and power system devices.

8.  Overcurrent protection
 All lines and all electrical equipment must be protected
against prolonged overcurrent If the cause of the overcurrent
is nearby then automatically that current is interrupted
immediately. But if the cause of the overcurrent is outside the
local area then a backup provision automatically disconnects
all affected circuits after a suitable time delay.
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 A Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA))
transmits and receives logic or data from events of controls,
metering, measuring, safety and monitoring of process
devices such as Electrical equipment, Instrumentation
devices, telecommunication on industrial applications.

9.  Lack of Information to control room engineer on
loading and health status of transformers and
associated feeders.
 Due to absence of monitoring, overloading occurs
which results in low voltage at customer end.
 Remote Control of distribution feeders not possible
from control room.
 Fault isolation/restoration was time-consuming
 less supply reliability.

10.  Substation Level Automation
 Feeder Level Automation
 Customer Level Automation

11.  Substation Automation (SA) is a system to
enable an electric utility to remotely monitor,
control and coordinate the distribution
components installed in the substation.

12.  Usually the distribution automation on
substation and feeder are integrated to share
common
 monitoring and controlling equipment and
devices. Distribution substation automation
includes
 supervisory control of circuit breakers, load
tap changers (LTCs), regulators, reclosers,
 sectionalizers, switches and substation
capacitor banks. Remote data acquisition is
required in
 order to achieve effective use of the supervisor
control function.

13.  Automation at the consumer's location
includes the ability to remotely: read
meters, program time-of-use (TOU) meters,
connect/disconnect services, and control
consumer loads.

15.  Transformer Load Balancing
 Voltage Regulation:
 Fault Isolation and Sectionalizing:
 Voltage Monitoring

16.  Load Management
 Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)
 Demand Side Management (DSM)
 Quality of Service (QoS) Monitoring

17. Operational problems and Potential
Applications of DAS
• Fault location, isolation and Service Restoration
• Maintaining good voltage profile
• Load Balancing
• Load Control
• Metering
• Maintaining Maps
• Fuse-off call operations
• Energy accounting

18. Network Reconfiguration - Fault Localization
• Locates faulty section in a radial distribution feeder by
operating “Load Break Switches” on a feeder
• Localization is faster compared to manual determination of
faulty section
Illustration: Fault
A radial feeder

19. Fault localization Fault
CB Close
LB Sw Close

20. Network Reconfiguration
-Load Balancing
• Composition and hence consumption patterns of loads on
different feeders are different
• To distribute loads among transformers/feeders
• Remote control of switches for reconfiguration

21. Load Balancing - Illustration
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Initial
configuration
Final
configuration

22. Remote Metering
• Uses of electro-static meters
• Customer meter reading
• Facilitates Multiple tariff
• Detection of Meter tampering
• More justifiable at HT (high value) Customers

23. • Display of geographical Maps
• Dynamic info on Maps
• Layering, Zooming, Scrolling and Panning
• Historical data on Devices
(From T&D World, Oct 2001)
(From T&D World, Oct 2001)
Automated mapping and facilities management

24.  Operational & Maintenance benefits
 Financial benefits
 Customer related benefits