1. FIRST - AID
What each of us should know...
Revision
Concept
Education
Comfort

2. definition
It is the care given to an injured person to
STABILIZE until the professional medical
care is available.
Common sense Vs Anxiety-Panic

3. FIRST THINGS FIRST!
It is the FIRST aid... not FINAL.
STABILIZE
◦ Emotionally
◦ Physically
◦ Haemo-dynamically
◦ Breathing & Circulation

4. Loss of Consciousness
AIRWAY
BREATHING
CIRCULATION

5. ABC   step 2...

6. BLEEDING – types:

7. Bleeding: steps
Direct pressure over
the bleeding point
Elevation of the limb
(unless no #)
Pressure over the
blood vessel
Cold application

8. Specific bleeding: NOSE
Mostly due to very delicate
capillaries within nose
Trivial triggers - sneezing
Pressure & Cold compress
May vomit dark clots

9. Specific bleeding: SCALP
Skin, blood vessels,
muscles and skull
within <1cm space
Rich blood supply
but with muscular
guarding

10. Specific bleeding: puncture wound
a. THE OBJECT ACTS AS A PLUG
AND SHOULD NOT BE
REMOVED.
b. Keep the object from MOVING.
c. If object has been removed, it
is a case of BLEEDING.

11. Convulsions:

12. RECOVERY POSITION:
Unconscious or semi-
conscious who is
breathing normal
Not to be given if
spine or back injury
suspected

13. FRACTURES:
STABILISE the lesion
with splint
Put ICE PACK to
reduce the swelling
DO NOT try to
restore the
alignment

14. HEAD INJURY:
Signs to look for:
◦ Consciousness
◦ Convulsion
◦ Trauma
Nose, Eye, Ear, Scalp
◦ Vomiting

15. Choking:

16. BURNs: chemical
Wash under cold water
for at least TEN minutes
Do not try to antidote
with other chemical
Cover with clean cloth
Ice pack

17. Heat Stroke:
Usually exhaustion or
dehydration
Recovery position till
regains consciousness
Water & electrolytes
with glucose when
fully conscious - SIPs

18. SHOCK: fainting
Check ABC
Loosen clothing
NOTHING BY MOUTH
Make the victim lie down
◦ Face looks PALE – raist the TAIL
◦ Face looks RED – raise the HEAD
Recovery position

19. ELECTRIC SHOCK:
Shut off the electric current
Check for:
◦ ABC
◦ Burns – external & internal
◦ Heart beats – regularity
◦ Injuries

20. Syncope:
Vasovagal
◦ Pain / Bad news / Anxiety
Postural hypotension
◦ Sudden rising
Attention
Recovery position

21. What NOT TO DO ?
Do not discuss about the injury loudly
Do not get create a crisis yourself
◦ If you can’t ACT, you can at least OBSERVE

22. The best aid...
THANKS !!