POLS 201 Group Project Number 1

1. Done by Group 2
CONSTITUTION EDITS

2. ARTICLE 1, SECTION 2, CLAUSE 3
 1st Sentence originally stated: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several
States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be
determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term
of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.
 Changes: The 14th Amendment changed this part of the constitution to get rid of
the three-fifths clause. The 16th Amendment changed this same part to stop a
Direct Tax and make it to where there would be an income tax instead.
 Our Changes: We crossed out the original statement
altogether as well section 2 of the 14th amendment. As for
the 16th amendment, we made it to where there would be a
flat 10% tax on incomes.

3. ARTICLE 1, SECTION 3, CLAUSE 1
 Originally Stated: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
 Changes: The 17th amendment changed it to where the legislature would not
choose the senate, but that the people would.
 Our Changes: We went ahead and placed the 17th
amendment into the constitution as if it were originally
placed in there, and eliminated the fact that there was a 17th
amendment altogether.

4. ARTICLE 2, SECTION 3, CLAUSE 2
 Originally Stated: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they
shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class
shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth
Year, and the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every
second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the
Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next
Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.
 Changes: Just like the clause before this, the 17th amendment made it to where
if there were any vacancies then the governor would call a special election to fill
the vacancy.
 Our Changes: Same thing we stated before with Article
2, Section 3, Clause 2.

5. ARTICLE 2, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 2
 Originally Stated: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a
Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State
may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust
or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
 Our Changes: We do not like the electoral college. The president should be
picked by popular vote, so we got rid of this idea. We did replace it however!
“The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of
race, color, previous condition of servitude, or sex. The right of citizens of
the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.” We
just took the 15th, 19th, and 21st amendment and made it clear that everyone
could vote in the constitution, and got rid of the fact that there was a
15th, 19th, and 21st amendment altogether.

6. ARTICLE 2, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 3
 Originally Stated: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for
two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with
themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of
Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the
Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of
the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all
the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest
Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole
Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and
have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately
choose by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the
five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner choose the President. But in
choosing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each
State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members
from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a
Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest
Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two
or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall choose from them by Ballot the Vice
President.

7. ARTICLE 2, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 3 (CONT.)
 Changes: The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-
President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name
in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-
President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as
Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed
to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The President of
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the
votes shall then be counted;--The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the
President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such
majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing
the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote;
a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of
all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President
whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the
Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the
President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if
such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose
shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be
necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that
of Vice-President of the United States
 Our Changes: We took this long amendment and placed it into the
constitutions itself, and took away the fact that there was a 12th
amendment at all.

8. ARTICLE 4, SECTION 3, CLAUSE 3
 Originally Stated: No Person held to Service or Labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping
into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service
or Labor, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labor may be due.
 Changes: The 13th amendment abolished slavery, thus making this clause
unnecessary to the constitution.
 Our Changes: We didn’t ignore the idea of slavery otherwise
it could arise again, so we got rid of the 3rd clause of this
section and left the 13th amendment where it was.

9. AMENDMENT IV
 Originally Stated: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable
cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons
or things to be seized.
 Our Changes: The right of the people to be secure in their
persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants
shall issue, but upon probable cause, defined as “apparent facts
discovered through logical inquiry that would lead a reasonably
intelligent and prudent person to believe that an accused person
has committed a crime, thereby warranting his or her
prosecution, or that a Cause of Action has accrued, justifying a
civil lawsuit”, not based on suspicion but on physical
evident, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly
describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to
be seized.

10. AMENDMENT VII
 Originally Stated: In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-
examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
 Our Changes: In Suits at common law, where the value in
controversy shall exceed fifteen hundred dollars, the right of
trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a
jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the
United States, than according to the rules of the common
law.

11. AMENDMENT VIII
 Originally Stated: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and
unusual punishments inflicted.
 Our Changes: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments, defined as “such punishment as would
amount to torture or barbarity, any cruel and degrading
punishment not known to the Common Law, or any
fine, penalty, confinement, or treatment that is so
disproportionate to the offense as to shock the moral sense
of the community”, inflicted. The punishment may not be
excessive in comparison to the crime committed.

12. AMENDMENT XII
 As we stated earlier, there isn’t a 12th amendment
anymore, we put it in Article 2, Section 1, Clause 3

13. AMENDMENT XIV, SECTION 1
 Originally Stated: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
 Our Changes: All persons born or naturalized in the United
States, must have at least one parent already be a citizen or
have applied for citizenship, and subject to
the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and
of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without
due process of law; nor deny to any person within
its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

14. AMENDMENT XIV, SECTIONS 2 AND 3
 Originally Stated: 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.
But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of
the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the
members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-
one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in
rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the
number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age
in such State.
3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-
President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a
member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the
Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or
given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each
House, remove such disability.
 Our Changes: We took these out. Section 2 took out the
three-fifths clause which doesn’t exist to us at all, and with
section 3, we believe if someone rebelled they don’t need to
come back at all.

15. AMENDMENT XV
 Originally Stated:The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation
 As we stated earlier, we moved the 15th amendment into the
constitution itself in Article 2, Section 1, Clause 2.
 So we made up a whole new amendment to take its place.
1. No state may have a legal drinking age less than 21.
2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the
several States within four years from the date of its submission.

16. AMENDMENT XVI
 Originally Stated: The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever
source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or
enumeration.
 Our Changes: The Congress shall have power to lay and
collect a ten percent tax on incomes, from whatever source
derived, among the several States, and without regard to
any census or enumeration.

17. AMENDMENT XVII
 States: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by
the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall
have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of
such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State
may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies
by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen
before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
 As we stated earlier, we went ahead and put
the 17th amendment into Article 1, Section
3, Clause 1.

18. AMENDMENT XIX
 Originally Stated: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
 Our Changes: Just like the 15th amendment, we placed this
into Article 2, Section 1, Clause 2.

19. AMENDMENT XX, SECTION 6
 Originally Stated: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to
the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the
date of its submission.
 Our Changes: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
within four years from the date of its submission.
We also did made this change to the previous 18th
amendment section 3, and later on amendments 21st
amendment section 3, and the 22nd amendment section 3.

20. AMENDMENT XXVI
 Originally Stated: The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
 Our Changes: Just like the 15th and 19th amendment, we
placed this into Article 2, Section 1, Clause 2.