APWA Central FL Branch Lunch and Learn - Herbicide and Fertilizer 101- March 2014

1. Danny Leckie
Florida IVM and R&P Specialist
WEED CONTROL AND GROWTH
REGULATION STRATEGIES

2. | 2
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Consistent Herbicide Program Vs. Mow Only

3. | 3
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Dow AgroSciences Product of Interest
• Milestone®
• Opensight®
• Capstone®
• Garlon® 3A
• Accord® XRT II
• Pathfinder® II
• Garlon® 4 Ultra
• DMA 4 IVM – 2,4-D

4. | 4
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone® Specialty Herbicide
• Active ingredient:
aminopyralid
• Control of broadleaf weed
species, control of legume
brush species, activity on most
brush species
• Foliage and Soil Active
product with long residual
• Selective to most warm and
cool season grasses

5. | 5
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone® Specialty Herbicide
• EPA registered Reduced Risk
Herbicide
• No Grazing restrictions
• Low use rate
• Excellent environmental profile
• Essentially non-volatile
• May be used up to the water’s
edge
• Low worker exposure profile

6. | 6
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone® Specialty Herbicide
• Milestone GROWS GRASS
• No damage or stress to the
turf
• Grass greens up fast and
grows
• A healthy growing turf reduces
weeds
• If you are using growth
regulators to reduce turf
growth, seedheads, and
mowing, you need good weed
control
• Grass tolerance
• If you make a mistake and
apply at twice the rate, you will
still have green grass (and
better than needed weed
control)
• Some products can damage
your turf if applied at twice the
rate

7. | 7
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Opensight® Specialty Herbicide
• Easy-dissolving granule
formulation of Milestone®
specialty herbicide
(aminopyralid) and
metsulfuron methyl.
• Controls of over 170 tough
noxious and invasive weeds
and brush problems
• Bahia and fescue seedhead
suppression or stunting
• Provides season-long control

8. | 8
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Capstone® Specialty Herbicide
• Mixture of Milestone and
Garlon 3A
• Makes Garlon 3A more
effective on brush and tough
weeds
• Great on kudzu and vines
• Good on most brush species,
vines, popcorn tree, willow,
maple, boxelder, oak, titi,
yaupon, waxmyrtle, gallberry,
locust, blackberry, kudzu,
wisteria

9. | 9
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Capstone® Specialty Herbicide
• Excellent for stump treatment
of newly cut stumps
• Treat the cambium layer
immediately after cutting
• Name will be changed
sometime in the future

10. | 10
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Garlon® 3A Specialty Herbicide
• Active Ingredient: triclopyr
• Broad-spectrum brush and
broadleaf weed control
• Translocates to control entire
plant – shoots and roots
• Non-volatile amine formulation
• Selective to warm- and cool-
season right-of-way grasses
including fescue, brome and
native grass species
• Labeled for foliar applications
• Rainfast within two hours

11. | 11
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Garlon® 3A Specialty Herbicide
• Label allows for applications to
emerged weeds and brush in
standing water or on banks
and shores of ponds or lakes
found on rights-of-way or
production forests (no
restrictions on fishing,
swimming or use by domestic
livestock)
• Garlon 3A does not harm
grass.

12. | 12
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord® XRT II Herbicide
• Active Ingredient: glyphosate
• Most concentrated glyphosate
formulation with full surfactant.
New DMA salt formulations.
Stronger than Roundup and
generic formulations
• Lower use rates, more treated
acres per gallon
• Contains new surfactant
technology resulting in fewer
containers, less handling
• Broad-spectrum control
• “Caution” signal word
• May be sprayed up to the
water’s edge

13. | 13
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
ACCORD® XRT II - 2 LBS
95% Visual Controlon PINE
263 DAT
GLY STAR PLUS - 2 LBS
25% Visual Controlon PINE
263 DAT

14. | 14
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Pathfinder® II Specialty Herbicide
• Active Ingredient: triclopyr
• Ready-to-use herbicide for
basal-bark and
cut-stump use
• Same active ingredient as
Garlon® herbicides
• Controls more than 80 woody
plant species
• Ideal for low-profile, individual
plant and
dormant treatments
• Helena can also provide a
Garlon 4 Ultra and oil pre-mix

15. | 15
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Pathfinder ® II Specialty Herbicide
• No mixing required. 2.5 gallon
containers
• Diluent is derived from a
naturally occurring,
non-petroleum substance
• Low odor
• Individual plant treatments
allow for use
year-round

16. | 16
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Low Volume Basal
• Apply on Entire Circumference of Stem
• 12-18 in. Up Stem and Root Collar
• Stems up to 4 to 6 inch diameter

17. | 17
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Proper Application Technique
Diagram demonstrating proper application technique
Application from groundline
to 18 inches above
groundline.
Groundline

18. | 18
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Cut Stump Treatments
Options:
> Pathfinder® II as a ready to use
(available in 2.5s)
> 20-25% Garlon 4 Ultra + 75-80%
basal oil (available as a custom
blend)
• Add 1-3% Milestone for improved
control of root-suckering species
and legumes

19. | 19
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Cut Stump Treatment Reminders
• Size doesn’t matter
• Oil based mix: Perform all year except when bark is wet
• Water based mix: Perform all year except during heavy sap flow
• Effective on virtually all woody stems and vines
• Reduces or eliminates re-sprouts and need for future maintenance
Water Based Treatment Oil Based Treatment

20. | 20
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
DMA® 4 IVM Herbicide
• Active Ingredient: 2,4-D
• Water soluble amine
• Low volatile
• Broad leaf weed control, grass
selective
• Can be mixed with Garlon 3A,
MSMA, Accord
• May be used in wetlands, in
water, creeks, ditches, etc.
• Great with Garlon 3A for
around bridges and ditches for
brush and weed control

21. | 21
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Stewardship of Herbicides
• Most herbicides cannot tell the difference between weeds and crops
• Keep herbicides away from sensitive crops
• Scout your roads, buffer crop areas or spray at the right time in the
season to avoid conflicts
• A few small lapses can ruin a good spray program
• If you need some help getting started, ask

22. | 22
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Aminopyralid Stewardship
DOW RESTRICTED

23. | 23
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone® Under Trees
• Aminopyralid has limited activity on woody species, including trees,
when applied to the soil under the canopy
• While it would be unlikely for broadcast applications of labeled rates to
actually kill a mature tree there could be some leaf curling/cuppingor
other damage typical of growth regulator herbicides
• Milestone should NOT be used over-the-top of trees
• Milestone can be used ONLY as a directed spray under the
canopy, or within the dripline, of certain trees; but not under
legume trees/shrubs

24. | 24
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone® Under Trees
• Cottonwood
• Yellow-poplar (may cause
transient leaf curling that will disappear)
• Ash
• Elm
• Junipers
• Oaks
• Black cherry
• Sweetgum
• Willow
• Maple
• Aspen
• Dogwood
• Southern yellow pine
• Eastern white pine
• Eastern Red Cedar
Milestone CAN BE USED as an under canopy soil
application for the following trees:

25. | 25
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
DOW RESTRICTED

26. | 26
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
DOW RESTRICTED

27. | 27
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone
Milestone January Application, May Picture

28. | 28
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone: January Application, May picture

29. | 29
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone

30. | 30
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

31. | 31
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

32. | 32
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord XRT II + Oust, Jan Application, May picture

33. | 33
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord XRT II + Oust

34. | 34
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

35. | 35
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord XRT II + Oust. January Applications

36. | 36
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord XRTII + Oust, January Application, Early February Picture

37. | 37
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Accord XRT II + Oust, January Application, April Picture

38. | 38
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone VM + Plateau, February. April Picture

39. | 39
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone + Plateau

40. | 40
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

41. | 41
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

42. | 42
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

43. | 43
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Year After Spraying

44. | 44
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Chemical Side Trim with Capstone (brush control)

45. | 45
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Dormant Stem

46. | 46
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

47. | 47
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

48. | 48
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

49. | 49
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Milestone On Kudzu

50. | 50
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

51. | 51
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow

52. | 52
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Continuum™ Prescription Control & Container
Management System
• Provides straight product or contract mixes
• Easy-to-handle returnable, refillable containers mean
• Fewer jugs to deal with
• Mobile bulk units result in even fewer containers to handle
• Eliminates need for rinsing, storing or disposing of empty containers
• Just-in-time shipments
• Reduce inventory costs
• Make it easier to manage cash flow
• Minimize theft liability

53. | 53
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Continuum™ Prescription Control & Container
Management System
• Bar code tracking system maintains information on all returnable,
refillable containers
• Improve inventory tracking
• Re-using containers encourages sound environmental stewardship
• Less landfill waste
• Reduces liability for improper container disposal
• Closed-loop handling decreases chance of spills
• Less chance of accidental worker exposure to product

54. | 54
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
County X
• Operational roadside herbicide program early 1990’s
• No roadside herbicide program ~1995-2005
> Six mechanical mowing cycles per year normal program
• 2006 treated 1,735 acres with herbicides
> 7 oz/ac Milestone VM + 16 oz/ac Garlon 3A or 12 oz/ac Vista
+ 2 oz/ac Plateau applied June-July
> Three mechanical mowing cycles
• 2007 treated 6,500 acres (entire county)
> 3.5 oz/ac Milestone VM + 16 oz/ac Garlon 3A or 12 oz/ac
Vista + 2 oz/ac Plateau applied twice (April and October)
> Two mechanical mowing cycles

55. | 55
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
• 2008 treated 6,500 acres (entire county)
> 3.5 oz/ac Milestone VM + 16 oz/ac Garlon 3A + 2 oz/ac Plateau applied twice
(April and October)
> Two mechanical mowing cycles
• 2009 treated 6,500 acres (entire county)
> 3.5 oz/ac Milestone VM + 16 oz/ac Garlon 3A + 2 oz/ac Plateau applied twice
(April and October)
> Two mechanical mowing cycles
• 2010/future goals: Hillsborough County has reached
the goals seat in 2007 with the Roadside Vegetation
Management program. Two mechanical mowing and
two herbicide cycles. Develop herbicide program for
Aquatic weed control in drainage areas.

56. | 56
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
CHEMICAL MOWING COST TO TREAT
ONE ACRE
• 3.5 oz. Milestone VM/acre = $7.00
• 2.0 oz. Plateau/acre = $2.00
• 16 oz. Garlon 3 A/acre = $9.76
• 3.0 oz. Kinetic/acre = $1.41
• Chemical cost to treat 1 acre = $20.17
• Chemical, Labor & Equipment cost to treat 1 acre = $33.00

57. | 57
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
WHY HERBICIDE SPRAY PROGRAM?
• Mowing resources were not keeping up with citizen’s
expectations
• Weather/climate – year long growing season
• Safety concerns
• Deteriorating road shoulders
• Hillsborough County had a ROW spray program – transferred
to Mosquito Control
• New and improved chemicals on the market

58. | 58
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Economic Analyses
• Meticulous record keeping and documentation
• Hillsborough County manages 6,500 acres of roadside rights of
way. Mechanical mowing cost is $60.00 per acre. One mowing
cycle costs $390,000. Six mowing cycles per year costs
$2,340,000.
• One herbicide application/cycle (chemical mowing) costs $33.00
per acre and lasts up to six months before weed regrowth
occurs. One chemical mowing round costs $214,500.
• Plan is to chemical mow twice a year (cost: $429,000) and
mechanical mow twice a year (cost: $780,000). Annual cost
savings of $1,131,000. Labor/machinery reallocation and
intangible benefits not included.

59. | 59
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Advantages
• Significant cost savings versus mechanical mowing
only
• Improved labor efficiency – reallocation
• Improved turf quality and aesthetics
• Reduced shoulder deterioration
• Improved safety – less time on ROW, visibility
• Reduced customer complaints

60. | 60
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
DECISION WAS MADE!
• Dedicated ROW Herbicide Spray Program was
needed
• Transfer spray equipment to Vegetation Median
Maintenance Crew
• Develop training program, processes and procedures
• Inventory ROW/Develop schedules
• Crawl – Walk – Run Theory
> Not in a hurry to do the wrong thing

61. | 61
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
RHODINE ROAD BEFORE TREATMENT
DOW

62. | 62
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
DOW

63. | 63
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
RESULTS & EVALUATION
Rhodine Road
80 days after
treatment
DOW

64. | 64
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Rhodine Road
106 days after
treatment
DOW

65. | 65
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Rhodine Road
170 days after
treatment
DOW

66. | 66
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
PRODUCTION
• 1 Truck *ADP = 50 acres per day
• 4 Trucks *ADP = 200 acres per day
Total time to spray all units – 37 days
(Versus 70-90 days to mow)
*ADP = AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION
DOW RESTRICTED

67. | 67
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Questions?
Danny Leckie
(843) 513-3914
deleckie@dow.com
DOW RESTRICTED