The document provides a history of Romanian aeronautics from its beginnings in the early 20th century through World War 2. Some of the key points include: - Romanian scientists and inventors made early contributions to flight including solving problems related to propellers, vertical take-off aircraft, and jet engines. - Romania established its air force in 1910 and participated in military maneuvers, becoming only the second country after France to use airplanes in such exercises. - During World War 1, Romania allied with the Entente powers and acquired over 300 aircraft from France and Britain. Romanian aviators conducted thousands of missions and gained over 750 aerial victories during the war. - Between the wars, Romania

2. ContentContent
1. Beginnings1. Beginnings
2.Oldies2.Oldies
3.At war3.At war
4. The Cold War4. The Cold War
5.Transition Period5.Transition Period

3. 1. Beginnings1. Beginnings
Romanian aeronautics history brought guidance and
contributed to the development of scientific and
technical thinking of mankind in a key area of human
civilization at a date when this area (flight) was just at
the beginning. The creative genius of Romanians was
pushed forward by some key achievements in science
and art of flight, aircraft construction, such as
designing and building some types of missiles -
including multistage missile, making horizontal or
vertical flight, solving the field pulling propeller,
designing aircrafts, wing "delta" or some
unconventional aircrafts. The world renowned
inventors Traian Vuia, Gregory Brişcu, Henri Coanda,
George Arion, Tache Brumărescu, Hermann Oberth,
Nicholas Vaideanu, Basil Dimitrescu and many others
had an inventive spirit which helped them achieve
outstanding performances.

4. Between 1906-1915, Romanian scientists have solved the
problem of mechanical flight (Traian Vuia), invented
jet (Henri Coanda), have designed and built the first
airplane with vertical take-off in the world that flew on
27 May 1911 (Tache Brumărescu) and have made two
projects regarding the invisible plane (Prof. Dr. Vasile
Dimitrescu). Romanian Air Force was founded in 1910
thanks to the civil society with the Ministry of War and
the first military aircraft design was made by engineer
and aviator Aurel Vlaicu who conducted its
construction at Army Arsenal and who flew it on 17
June 1910. Engineer Aurel Vlaicu, who studied at
College Royal Bavarian Polytechnic of Munich, became
the first pilot of the Romanian army. On 27 September
1910, he has served in the military manoeuvres
conducted in southern Romania where a
reconnaissance flight from Slatina and Piatra Olt took
place, teaching Prince Ferdinand, heir of the throne, a
document of the General Staff of the Romanian Army.
In this way, Romania became the second country in the
world after France that employed plane during
military manoeuvres.

5. Romanian military pilots were trained in Chitila
Aeronautical Complex (near Bucharest), which was
established on November 20, 1909 by Michael Cerchez
through the Constitutive Act no. 2931/1909 registered in
Ilfov Tribunal. Here at Chitila, on the 9th July and 17
July 1911, there were patented the first Romanian military
pilots: Stephen Protopopescu and George Negrescu. They
learned the technique of flying on Farman III aircraft in
1909, the model built under licence in the workshops of
Chitila. The two young pilots would study in the years
1913-1914 at School of Mechanical and Aeronautical
Engineering from Paris and became the first military
aviation engineers from the Romanian army. Also during
this period, Radu Simion and Chişcăneanu Irimescu
attended the polytechnic school in Charlottemburg-Berlin
becoming the first Romanian mechanical engineers.

6. In 1911-1912 there were established
three civil flight schools in Chitila,
Baneasa and Cotroceni, where military
pilots were patented. By the Royal
Decree no. 1953 from 27 March / April
8th, 1912, the Ministry of War
established a Military School of flight
in Cotroceni, which was the fourth
flight school in Romania. It was then
also introduced military pilot badge. By
1913, the civil and military flight
schools have trained a total of 21
military pilots and 15 other airmen
took their patents in France.
Lieutenant Prince George Valentin
Bibescu obtained on January 6, 1910,
the patent of flight no. 20 in France and
in September 1910 he made the first
Romanian international air raid, flying
on the route Bucharest-Giurgiu-Ruse,
Bulgaria.

7. Romanian Air Force aircraft equipped with 10 local construction
"A. Vlaicu. 1 "Farman III (made in Chitila license), Nieuport,
Morane-Saulnier and Bleriot, participated in military manoeuvres
undertaken between 1911-1912, Romanian pilots making long
distance air raids on time, 150-180 km, between cities Turnu
Severin-Bucharest, Bucharest-Constanta, Bucharest-Iasi.
Romanian Parliament voted in April 1913 the first law of
organization of military aeronautics sanctioned by the High King
Charles I nr.3199 Royal Decree of 30 April 1913. Military aviation
service is set up two departments: aviation and aerostation. It has
been created the permanent aviation body comprised of pilots,
mechanics and air observers. It also provided the opportunity to
enter the lower grades in the body after completing a specialized
school. By law, a military pilot must execute in a year 120 hours of
flight. Romanian Air Force has seen an important development in
1913, having supplied 34 military aircraft, of which 16 were from
Bristol-Coanda type. This plane was designed by Romanian
engineer Henri Coanda in 1912 still work in factories Bristol in
England, as chief engineer and technical director then.

8. Events in the Balkans in the summer ofEvents in the Balkans in the summer of 19131913 led Romanianled Romanian
army in thearmy in the Second Balkan WarSecond Balkan War. 19 Romanian aircrafts. 19 Romanian aircrafts
had reconnaissance missions on the Bulgarian territory,had reconnaissance missions on the Bulgarian territory,
Romanian airmen flew over Sofia, launching manifest evenRomanian airmen flew over Sofia, launching manifest even
in the courtyard of the Royal Palace. Officer Nicolaein the courtyard of the Royal Palace. Officer Nicolae
Capsa and aviators John H. Arion, Zorileanu Mircea,Capsa and aviators John H. Arion, Zorileanu Mircea,
Constantin Gheorghe, Valentin Bibescu and PrinceConstantin Gheorghe, Valentin Bibescu and Prince
Fotescu made reconnaissance flights at distances of 200 kmFotescu made reconnaissance flights at distances of 200 km
and at heights of 2200-2500 m. At the outbreak ofand at heights of 2200-2500 m. At the outbreak of WorldWorld
War IWar I, Romania declared neutrality. Although on the, Romania declared neutrality. Although on the
Romanian throne there was a German king, political classRomanian throne there was a German king, political class
wanted an alliance with the Entente to get back thewanted an alliance with the Entente to get back the
Romanian provinces occupied by Austria-Hungary and theRomanian provinces occupied by Austria-Hungary and the
Romanian people living there.Romanian people living there.

9. Between 1914-1916, continuedBetween 1914-1916, continued developingdeveloping
military aviation equipment andmilitary aviation equipment and
preparingpreparing the fleetthe fleet to enter the fray. Theto enter the fray. The
Ministerial Decision no. 305 of 10/23Ministerial Decision no. 305 of 10/23
augustaugust 19151915 establishedestablished thethe RomanianRomanian
Aviation CorpsAviation Corps,, aviation becoming anaviation becoming an
independentindependent weapon no longerweapon no longer
subordinatesubordinate to other ministeriesto other ministeries asas it wasit was
beforebefore.. BetweenBetween 1916-19171916-1917, Romania, Romania
acquiredacquired from France and Britainfrom France and Britain 322322
aircrafts: Nieuport fighters types 11, 12,aircrafts: Nieuport fighters types 11, 12,
17, 19, 21, 23 and 28, for easy recognition17, 19, 21, 23 and 28, for easy recognition
and bomber Farman type 40 and 46;and bomber Farman type 40 and 46;
Sopwith Strutter, Caudron G.4 - BimotaSopwith Strutter, Caudron G.4 - Bimota
distant recognition and Breguet-Michelindistant recognition and Breguet-Michelin
bombing and shelling. Twelve machinesbombing and shelling. Twelve machines
were equipped with this type of boardwere equipped with this type of board
type Hotchkiss guns of 37 mm, and twotype Hotchkiss guns of 37 mm, and two
Nieuport Type 11 squadrons wereNieuport Type 11 squadrons were
equipped too, in addition to boardequipped too, in addition to board
machine guns, and missile-type rocketsmachine guns, and missile-type rockets
"La Prieur" to fight captive balloons."La Prieur" to fight captive balloons.

10. Romania entered the warRomania entered the war against Austro-Hungarian Empire on 14/27-against Austro-Hungarian Empire on 14/27-
15/28 august15/28 august 19161916, Romanian Aviation Corps had, Romanian Aviation Corps had 44 aircraft44 aircraft inin
service,service, 97 pilots and 84 air observers97 pilots and 84 air observers. Each of the four Romanian. Each of the four Romanian
army received an air group. Airmen were sent in early reconnaissancearmy received an air group. Airmen were sent in early reconnaissance
missions and bombing campaign on the north-western and southernmissions and bombing campaign on the north-western and southern
side of Transylvania. On 16 September 1916, the crew consists of aside of Transylvania. On 16 September 1916, the crew consists of a
pilot Lieutenant John Colet and Sergeant observer on board a Gruiapilot Lieutenant John Colet and Sergeant observer on board a Gruia
F.40 shot down the first German plane in a dogfight held nearF.40 shot down the first German plane in a dogfight held near
Slobozia, in southern Romania.Slobozia, in southern Romania. The mThe magnitudeagnitude of theof the Romanian frontRomanian front
waswas over 1000 kmover 1000 km, which, which determineddetermined RomaniansRomanians to seekto seek help at thehelp at the
French General HeadquartersFrench General Headquarters whichwhich sent a military mission thatsent a military mission that
arrived in Romania in October 1916. Among allied soldiers andarrived in Romania in October 1916. Among allied soldiers and
airmenairmen therethere were volunteers who were immediately placedwere volunteers who were immediately placed on theon the
Romanian squadrons,Romanian squadrons, thesethese becoming mixed crews.becoming mixed crews.
The first part of the campaignThe first part of the campaign fromfrom August to December 1916, theAugust to December 1916, the
Romanian army troops suffered defeats in the German-Austro-Romanian army troops suffered defeats in the German-Austro-
Hungarian, Bulgarian and TurkishHungarian, Bulgarian and Turkish bordersborders. Aviation has proven its. Aviation has proven its
great utility, executing hundreds of reconnaissance missions andgreat utility, executing hundreds of reconnaissance missions and
bombingbombing,, Romanian military aircraft getting 28Romanian military aircraft getting 28 defeatssdefeatss (23 by(23 by
German and Austro-Hungarian aircraft were shot down by anti-German and Austro-Hungarian aircraft were shot down by anti-
aircraft artillery and 5 pilotsaircraft artillery and 5 pilots dieddied).).

11. On 1 January 1917, aviation was reorganized, the AeronauticsOn 1 January 1917, aviation was reorganized, the Aeronautics
Division of the Romanian General HeadquartersDivision of the Romanian General Headquarters being createdbeing created,,
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel aviation Vergnette Delamotte, withcommanded by Lieutenant Colonel aviation Vergnette Delamotte, with
aviator Major Fotescu Constantine as head of the Department ofaviator Major Fotescu Constantine as head of the Department of
Aviation.Aviation. TheThe military aviation aircraftmilitary aviation aircrafts weres were organizedorganized inin 3 groups in3 groups in
July 1917July 1917 and itand it had 150 planes groupedhad 150 planes grouped firstfirst in 12, then in 14in 12, then in 14
squadrons. Aviators have made a great contribution in thesquadrons. Aviators have made a great contribution in the
development of the great battles of August-September 1917, servingdevelopment of the great battles of August-September 1917, serving
until 1919 and obtainuntil 1919 and obtaininging 83 aerial victories (50 other enemy aircraft83 aerial victories (50 other enemy aircraft
were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery).were shot down by anti-aircraft artillery). LLieutenant Bădulescuieutenant Bădulescu fromfrom
thethe Romanian aviationRomanian aviation became anbecame an ace with 8 victories including 5ace with 8 victories including 5 inin
thethe airair whichwhich have been approved by shooting. Between 1916-1919,have been approved by shooting. Between 1916-1919,
Romanian airmen conducted thousands of missions totaling 11,000Romanian airmen conducted thousands of missions totaling 11,000
flight hours, have claimed over 750 aerial combatflight hours, have claimed over 750 aerial combatss and launched intoand launched into
enemy lines 100 tons of bombs. 8enemy lines 100 tons of bombs. 8 Romanian airmenRomanian airmen ffell in air combatell in air combatss
or fellor fell being hitbeing hit by enemy anti-aircraft artillery. A total of 11 pilotsby enemy anti-aircraft artillery. A total of 11 pilots
and observers were awarded the highest military distinctionand observers were awarded the highest military distinction
Romanian - Order "Michael the Brave" Class III.Romanian - Order "Michael the Brave" Class III.

12. 2. Oldies2. Oldies
After the war, in 1923, RomanianAfter the war, in 1923, Romanian
aviation was reorganized, the Generalaviation was reorganized, the General
Inspectorate of Aeronautics of theInspectorate of Aeronautics of the
General Staff was created. There wasGeneral Staff was created. There was
established the Air Undersecretary ofestablished the Air Undersecretary of
State in the Ministry of War in 1936 andState in the Ministry of War in 1936 and
on 16 November, the Ministry of Airon 16 November, the Ministry of Air
and Marine was created . Between 1920-and Marine was created . Between 1920-
1940, the Romanian aircrafts are well1940, the Romanian aircrafts are well
equipped and experience a greatequipped and experience a great
development in most of the 7 Romaniandevelopment in most of the 7 Romanian
factories of the aircraft manufacturingfactories of the aircraft manufacturing
industry: Arsenal Aeronautic, SET andindustry: Arsenal Aeronautic, SET and
ICAR Bucharest, Constanta STC,ICAR Bucharest, Constanta STC,
ASTRA Arad, Schell and IAR Brasov.ASTRA Arad, Schell and IAR Brasov.
In 18 years, Romania has built overIn 18 years, Romania has built over
2000 civil and military aircrafts after2000 civil and military aircrafts after
their own projects or license.their own projects or license.
IAR-80 fighter

13. TheThe Air Force was equipped withAir Force was equipped with
the Romanian type fighter IAR-the Romanian type fighter IAR-
80 (which was made famous on80 (which was made famous on
the eastern front) and bombersthe eastern front) and bombers
made at IAR Brasov type JRSmade at IAR Brasov type JRS
MS-79, produced after a muchMS-79, produced after a much
improved Italian license by theimproved Italian license by the
Romanian engineers. GermanRomanian engineers. German
planes were purchased Me-109eplanes were purchased Me-109e
/ G and He-112 fighter, Heinkel/ G and He-112 fighter, Heinkel
He-111 and Ju-88 bomber, theHe-111 and Ju-88 bomber, the
Ju-87 dive-bomber, the Ju-52Ju-87 dive-bomber, the Ju-52
transport and seaplanes He-transport and seaplanes He-
114.114.
Savoia Marchetti SM-79 aircraft
Me-109e aircraft line

14. 3.At war3.At war
At the time ofAt the time of Romania's entry into the Second World WarRomania's entry into the Second World War
against the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, as an ally of Germany,against the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, as an ally of Germany,
Romanian Air Force had 621 aircrafts in service on the EasternRomanian Air Force had 621 aircrafts in service on the Eastern
Front Group with Air Anti-operatedFront Group with Air Anti-operated with 253 fighterswith 253 fighters,,
reconnaissance and bombing. Aviation has met hundreds ofreconnaissance and bombing. Aviation has met hundreds of
missions effectively contributing to the elliberation of themissions effectively contributing to the elliberation of the
Romanian provinces of northern Bukovina and Bessarabia,Romanian provinces of northern Bukovina and Bessarabia,
which had been occupied by the Soviet armed forces in July 1940.which had been occupied by the Soviet armed forces in July 1940.
Up to Odessa, the Romanian military aircraft achieved 661 aerialUp to Odessa, the Romanian military aircraft achieved 661 aerial
victories. Romanian Air Force fought on the Eastern Front untilvictories. Romanian Air Force fought on the Eastern Front until
22 august 1944, participating in the great battles of Stalingrad22 august 1944, participating in the great battles of Stalingrad
and on the fronts of Crimea and Ukraine. Romanian Air Forceand on the fronts of Crimea and Ukraine. Romanian Air Force
received between 1941-1944 areceived between 1941-1944 a total of 2,000 aerial victoriestotal of 2,000 aerial victories,,
Captain Prince Constantin Cantacuzino achieving 68 victoriesCaptain Prince Constantin Cantacuzino achieving 68 victories
recognized by the Germans. Captain Alexander Serbanescu shotrecognized by the Germans. Captain Alexander Serbanescu shot
down 60 enemy aircrafts, Lieutenant Tudor Greceanu had 42down 60 enemy aircrafts, Lieutenant Tudor Greceanu had 42
wins, Ensign John Dicezare 40 wins, sergent Milu John 30 winswins, Ensign John Dicezare 40 wins, sergent Milu John 30 wins
and sergent Ion Martyrs 22 wins.and sergent Ion Martyrs 22 wins.

15. Assault aircraft Henschel Hs-129 SM-79 jet bomber on a mission
Ju-88 bombers Fighter Me-109E

16. AfterAfter 23 august 194423 august 1944, when, when Romania joined the United NationsRomania joined the United Nations, Air, Air
Force reorganized Air Corps under General Emanoil Ionescu (8Force reorganized Air Corps under General Emanoil Ionescu (8
September 1944-11 March 1945) and General Traian BurduloiuSeptember 1944-11 March 1945) and General Traian Burduloiu
(March 12 to May 12, 1945) contributing to the elliberation of(March 12 to May 12, 1945) contributing to the elliberation of
northwest Romania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Romanian Airnorthwest Romania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Romanian Air
Corps performed between 23 August 1944 - 12 May 1945, a total ofCorps performed between 23 August 1944 - 12 May 1945, a total of
4,200 combat missions4,200 combat missions in enemy with 8300 output plane and 11000in enemy with 8300 output plane and 11000
hours of flight. During these missions, the pilots released 1360 tons ofhours of flight. During these missions, the pilots released 1360 tons of
bombs, destroying 126 enemy aircraft (German and Hungarian) andbombs, destroying 126 enemy aircraft (German and Hungarian) and
another 228 enemy aircraft were seized by the Romanian pilots.another 228 enemy aircraft were seized by the Romanian pilots.

17. On the Western Front, theOn the Western Front, the
Romanian aviation participated inRomanian aviation participated in
missions with 415 aircraft ofmissions with 415 aircraft of
which 176 were lost, the losses ofwhich 176 were lost, the losses of
the Romanian Air Corps,the Romanian Air Corps,
auxiliary and rear bands rose toauxiliary and rear bands rose to
729 people. In total,729 people. In total, between 1941-between 1941-
1945, the Romanian aviation lost1945, the Romanian aviation lost
2,000 pilots, observers and2,000 pilots, observers and
military aircraft mechanicalmilitary aircraft mechanical
auxiliary troops.auxiliary troops. On August 1,On August 1,
1945, all aviation units have1945, all aviation units have
returned to Romania and Generalreturned to Romania and General
Emanoil Ionescu became MinisterEmanoil Ionescu became Minister
Secretary of State for Air Forces.Secretary of State for Air Forces.
General Emanoil Ionescu

18. During the Second World WarDuring the Second World War
Romanian pilots provedRomanian pilots proved
extraordinary qualities in airextraordinary qualities in air
combats, the most famous acescombats, the most famous aces
being Constantine "Bazu"being Constantine "Bazu"
Cantacuzino Şerbănescu,Cantacuzino Şerbănescu,
Alexandru Ion Dobran, BasilAlexandru Ion Dobran, Basil
"Chitu" Gavriliu, Ion Milu and"Chitu" Gavriliu, Ion Milu and
Tudor Greceanu .Tudor Greceanu .
Lieutenant Tudor Greceanu

19. Period fromPeriod from 12 May 1945 - 30 December 194712 May 1945 - 30 December 1947 was characterized by thewas characterized by the
transition from war to organizing the peace process: the abolition of alltransition from war to organizing the peace process: the abolition of all
operational headquarters, combat units and auxiliary, substantial reduction ofoperational headquarters, combat units and auxiliary, substantial reduction of
the workforce by demobilization and release of the soldiers to their homes.the workforce by demobilization and release of the soldiers to their homes.
They disbanded aviation and artillery air defense headquarters of theThey disbanded aviation and artillery air defense headquarters of the
Undersecretary of State creating Air Commandment which is one of its majorUndersecretary of State creating Air Commandment which is one of its major
units subordinated to the State: Division 1 had two aviation squadrons, anunits subordinated to the State: Division 1 had two aviation squadrons, an
organized fleet for military and aviation schools. After the return of theorganized fleet for military and aviation schools. After the return of the
Romanian Air Corps units in the Allied Control Commission, the RomanianRomanian Air Corps units in the Allied Control Commission, the Romanian
Air Force was reorganized as follows:Air Force was reorganized as follows:
1 fighter aircraft fleet equipped with Messerschmitt 109, Flotilla 2 aviation1 fighter aircraft fleet equipped with Messerschmitt 109, Flotilla 2 aviation
IAR-80 fighters; Flotilla 3 assault planes Henschel 129; Flotilla 4 Junkers 87IAR-80 fighters; Flotilla 3 assault planes Henschel 129; Flotilla 4 Junkers 87
dive planes, Flotilla 5 heavy bombardment airplanes Savoia Marchetti SM 88dive planes, Flotilla 5 heavy bombardment airplanes Savoia Marchetti SM 88
and Junkers-79 , Flotilla 6 information IAR-39, hydro-aviation Flotilla,and Junkers-79 , Flotilla 6 information IAR-39, hydro-aviation Flotilla,
Flotilla air-transport and aerostation. In accordance with Law no. 946/1946Flotilla air-transport and aerostation. In accordance with Law no. 946/1946
and General Staff Order no. D.L. 01909 of 15 June 1946, the Air Force wasand General Staff Order no. D.L. 01909 of 15 June 1946, the Air Force was
again reorganized. Instead Air Undersecretary of State, General Inspectorateagain reorganized. Instead Air Undersecretary of State, General Inspectorate
of Aeronautics was established within the Department for Education, Cultureof Aeronautics was established within the Department for Education, Culture
and propaganda that had Aeronautics Command as a subordinate with hisand propaganda that had Aeronautics Command as a subordinate with his
staff, 4-fleet aviation division and group air-transport and aviation trainingstaff, 4-fleet aviation division and group air-transport and aviation training
centre.centre.
In 1947, Romanian aviation combat units were equipped with 168 aircraft ofIn 1947, Romanian aviation combat units were equipped with 168 aircraft of
various types IAR-80/81 fighters, Messerschmitt 109g, assault aircraftvarious types IAR-80/81 fighters, Messerschmitt 109g, assault aircraft
Henschel 129, heavy bombers Ju-88 and JRS MS-79 dive bombers Ju-87, IAR-Henschel 129, heavy bombers Ju-88 and JRS MS-79 dive bombers Ju-87, IAR-
39 aircraft information and Ju-52 transport aircraft. There were also 10839 aircraft information and Ju-52 transport aircraft. There were also 108
aircrafts in aviation school provision, mostly of Romanian construction.aircrafts in aviation school provision, mostly of Romanian construction.

20. 4. The Cold War4. The Cold War
SinceSince 19481948, the, the Sovietization of theSovietization of the
Romanian armyRomanian army saw extensive processsaw extensive process
thatthat affected the Air Forceaffected the Air Force. On February. On February
15, 1949 Aviation Command was15, 1949 Aviation Command was
established and it was modelled on theestablished and it was modelled on the
Soviet fleet in aviation regiments. On 15Soviet fleet in aviation regiments. On 15
June 1949, in accordance with the orderJune 1949, in accordance with the order
no. 45 790 of the General Staff regiments,no. 45 790 of the General Staff regiments,
there were established aviation regimentsthere were established aviation regiments
1, 2, 3 subordinated to the 1st Division,1, 2, 3 subordinated to the 1st Division,
then in august same year they foundedthen in august same year they founded
assault aviation regiment 4, 5 calledassault aviation regiment 4, 5 called
Aviation Regiment Research and JointAviation Regiment Research and Joint
Aviation Regiment 6, subordinatedAviation Regiment 6, subordinated
Division 2 aviation. Divisions haveDivision 2 aviation. Divisions have
subordinated by 3 aviation regimentssubordinated by 3 aviation regiments
homogeneous or mixed. In addition tohomogeneous or mixed. In addition to
indivizible aviation regiments, there wereindivizible aviation regiments, there were
Aviation Regiment 7 and TransportAviation Regiment 7 and Transport
Aviation Regiment with rear detachmentAviation Regiment with rear detachment
stationed at the aerodrome Giuleşti andstationed at the aerodrome Giuleşti and
subordinated to Aviation Commandment.subordinated to Aviation Commandment.

21. By order of General Staff no. 12113 of 1 April 1950, Air ForceBy order of General Staff no. 12113 of 1 April 1950, Air Force
Military was named Air Forces and the commandment - AirMilitary was named Air Forces and the commandment - Air
Force Military Command (CFAM). The factories entered underForce Military Command (CFAM). The factories entered under
the Soviet service producing aircraft type IAK-18, OP-2, LA-9,the Soviet service producing aircraft type IAK-18, OP-2, LA-9,
TU-2 and IL-10. In 1951 they entered the Romanian Air ForceTU-2 and IL-10. In 1951 they entered the Romanian Air Force
Military jets IAK-17 and IAK-23 (77 aircraft) and in 1952 theMilitary jets IAK-17 and IAK-23 (77 aircraft) and in 1952 the
MiG-15, MiG-15 bis and S-102 (88 aircraft). After Romania'sMiG-15, MiG-15 bis and S-102 (88 aircraft). After Romania's
accession to the Treaty of Warsaw, Romanian Military Commandaccession to the Treaty of Warsaw, Romanian Military Command
Air Force had five subordinated aviation divisions and technicalAir Force had five subordinated aviation divisions and technical
division: Division 97 aircraft, the first large unit equipped with jetdivision: Division 97 aircraft, the first large unit equipped with jet
aircraft IAK-23, Division 23 fighter aircraft, Aviation Division 66aircraft IAK-23, Division 23 fighter aircraft, Aviation Division 66
hunting assault, aviation division 68 Division 87, Division 34hunting assault, aviation division 68 Division 87, Division 34
mixed and technical. Each operational division had subordinatedmixed and technical. Each operational division had subordinated
one battalion and radio company and radio-lighting. By the end ofone battalion and radio company and radio-lighting. By the end of
1952, all fighter aviation divisions were equipped with jets1952, all fighter aviation divisions were equipped with jets..

22. The first mission of interceptionThe first mission of interception
of real target was executedof real target was executed iinn
the night of October 28, 1952, inthe night of October 28, 1952, in
heavy weather by Majorheavy weather by Major
Dumitru Dragon, who flDumitru Dragon, who flewew aa
IAK-23.IAK-23.
In the new restructuringIn the new restructuring
processprocess ordered by the Soviets,ordered by the Soviets,
Anti-Air Defence CommandAnti-Air Defence Command
(CAAT) was established in(CAAT) was established in
September 1956September 1956 gettinggetting
operatioperational in the militaryonal in the military
structurestructure startingstarting 1 May 1977.1 May 1977.

23. InIn 19581958 he became thehe became the firstfirst
Romanian Military Air ForceRomanian Military Air Force
supersonic fighter aircraft - MiG-supersonic fighter aircraft - MiG-
1919. Three years later, in February. Three years later, in February
1962 Air Force was completed by1962 Air Force was completed by
one of the best fighters of the era,one of the best fighters of the era,
MiG-21 F13, which came first inMiG-21 F13, which came first in
equipping Hunting Aviationequipping Hunting Aviation
Regiment 93. Since 1974, RomanianRegiment 93. Since 1974, Romanian
military aviation began to bemilitary aviation began to be
equipped with jet aircraft built inequipped with jet aircraft built in
the countrythe country, the first flight of, the first flight of
subsonic jetsubsonic jet aircraft IAR-93 wasaircraft IAR-93 was
performed on October 31,performed on October 31, 19741974 byby
Lieutenant Colonel George Stan,Lieutenant Colonel George Stan,
the only fighter jets produced otherthe only fighter jets produced other
than the Soviet ever produced andthan the Soviet ever produced and
exploited in the countries whose airexploited in the countries whose air
forces were parts of the Warsawforces were parts of the Warsaw
Pact.Pact.
InIn 19621962 they established thethey established the firstfirst
sub helicopterssub helicopters, and in 1965 the, and in 1965 the
first unit equipped with productionfirst unit equipped with production
equipment Soviet Mi-2 and Mi-4.equipment Soviet Mi-2 and Mi-4.

24. In 1977 Military Air Force and AirIn 1977 Military Air Force and Air
Force changed their structure andForce changed their structure and
became Air Force Command by Maybecame Air Force Command by May
1, 1977. It was established as a1, 1977. It was established as a
specialized body of the Ministry ofspecialized body of the Ministry of
Defense, seeking preparation and useDefense, seeking preparation and use
in combat aviation, organizationalin combat aviation, organizational
design, personnel training, planningdesign, personnel training, planning
and coordination of flights in theand coordination of flights in the
Romanian airspace, equipping withRomanian airspace, equipping with
combat equipment. It also continuedcombat equipment. It also continued
renewing the fleet of aircraft, the firstrenewing the fleet of aircraft, the first
12 MiG-23 entered into service12 MiG-23 entered into service
during July-September 1979.during July-September 1979.

25. The pThe preparationreparation of theof the technical crewtechnical crewss
wwasas donedone inin specialized schools, twospecialized schools, two
ofof themthem being thebeing the most important:most important:
"Aurel Vlaicu"Aviation Military"Aurel Vlaicu"Aviation Military
School founded in 1953School founded in 1953 and "Traianand "Traian
VuiaVuia""TTechnicalechnical MMilitaryilitary AAviationviation
SSchool (1954) located in Medias,chool (1954) located in Medias,
which became School of aviation.which became School of aviation.
Academic training of aviationAcademic training of aviation
personnelpersonnel wawas done in the Technicals done in the Technical
Military Academy and MilitaryMilitary Academy and Military
Academy, which haAcademy, which haveve prepared sinceprepared since
1976 aviation engineers, engineers1976 aviation engineers, engineers
officers in similar specialties:officers in similar specialties:
airplane-engine, electrical machines,airplane-engine, electrical machines,
board, radio and radar, weapon onboard, radio and radar, weapon on
the system. Some military aviationthe system. Some military aviation
engineers were trained at the facultyengineers were trained at the faculty
profile at the Polytechnic Institute ofprofile at the Polytechnic Institute of
Bucharest.Bucharest.

26. InIn 19721972, by Decree no. 419 of 23, by Decree no. 419 of 23
October and the Council ofOctober and the Council of
Ministers Decision no. 1303 ofMinisters Decision no. 1303 of
November 1, civil aviation wasNovember 1, civil aviation was
transferred from the Ministry oftransferred from the Ministry of
Defence, to the Civil AviationDefence, to the Civil Aviation
Commandment –Commandment – TAROMTAROM, which, which
was createdwas created. Sanitary aviation,. Sanitary aviation,
sport aviation, 3 centres and 26sport aviation, 3 centres and 26
meteorological stationsmeteorological stations
undertaken by the Ministry ofundertaken by the Ministry of
Agriculture – they were allAgriculture – they were all
subordinated to the newsubordinated to the new
commandment.commandment.

27. On 6 April 1976, by Decree no. 84, CivilOn 6 April 1976, by Decree no. 84, Civil
Aviation Commandment-TAROM hasAviation Commandment-TAROM has
ceased to exist and in its place theceased to exist and in its place the
Department of Civil Aviation was created,Department of Civil Aviation was created,
also belonging in the Ministry of Defence.also belonging in the Ministry of Defence.
OnOn May 14, 1981May 14, 1981, at 8:16 p.m. GMT,, at 8:16 p.m. GMT,
"Soyuz-40“rocket was launched"Soyuz-40“rocket was launched fromfrom
Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Soviet UnionBaikonur Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union
in a joint Romanian-Soviet flight with ain a joint Romanian-Soviet flight with a
crew consisting of an engineer Lieutenantcrew consisting of an engineer Lieutenant
aviation-Colonel Leonid Popov andaviation-Colonel Leonid Popov and
Dumitru Prunariu, commander of theDumitru Prunariu, commander of the
spacecraft.spacecraft. For 7 days, RomanianFor 7 days, Romanian
cosmonaut conducted various scientificcosmonaut conducted various scientific
experiments on board of the orbitalexperiments on board of the orbital
complex Saliut-6 - Soyuz-40, returning tocomplex Saliut-6 - Soyuz-40, returning to
earth onearth on 22 May 198122 May 1981..
In DecemberIn December 19891989, just days before the, just days before the
start of the anticommunist revolution,start of the anticommunist revolution,
MiG-29 entered the Romanian Air Force.MiG-29 entered the Romanian Air Force.

28. 5.Transition Period5.Transition Period
After anti-communist revolution in RomaniaAfter anti-communist revolution in Romania
inin 19891989, the Air Force was given priority in, the Air Force was given priority in
the reorganization of the Roman army.the reorganization of the Roman army.
In 1993,In 1993, the necessity to align with Westernthe necessity to align with Western
structures by joining the Air Force Anti-Airstructures by joining the Air Force Anti-Air
Defence TroopsDefence Troops, Aviation and Air Defense, Aviation and Air Defense
was founded as a structure that bringswas founded as a structure that brings
together common body aircraft, artillery andtogether common body aircraft, artillery and
anti-aircraft missiles and radar.anti-aircraft missiles and radar.
Restructuring of the units has beenRestructuring of the units has been
continuing at a rapid pace to meet the newcontinuing at a rapid pace to meet the new
guidelines Romania's political and budgetaryguidelines Romania's political and budgetary
constraints imposed by the transition period.constraints imposed by the transition period.
The decision was taken toThe decision was taken to modernize with themodernize with the
MiG-21 Lancer programsMiG-21 Lancer programs the followingthe following
aircraft types: IAR-330 Puma and IAR-99aircraft types: IAR-330 Puma and IAR-99
Falcon. Romania also purchased the first C-Falcon. Romania also purchased the first C-
130 aircraft, being the first country in the130 aircraft, being the first country in the
former Warsaw Treaty bringing in serviceformer Warsaw Treaty bringing in service
such aircraft to meet the needs ofsuch aircraft to meet the needs of
transporting troops and running operationstransporting troops and running operations
in keeping peace missions.in keeping peace missions.

29. OnOn June 1,June 1, 20002000 dispositionsdispositions ccaameme
in forcein force toto establish the structureestablish the structure
andand thethe current namecurrent name -- Air Force.Air Force.
As a rAs a result of budgetaryesult of budgetary
constraints, a large number ofconstraints, a large number of
units are restructured orunits are restructured or
disbanded and a number ofdisbanded and a number of
aircraft, radars and missiles thataircraft, radars and missiles that
could ensure compatibility withcould ensure compatibility with
NATO forces and structuresNATO forces and structures areare
gradually removed from service.gradually removed from service.
Thus aircraft MiG-15, MiG-17,Thus aircraft MiG-15, MiG-17,
MiG-23, MiG-29 Hong -5MiG-23, MiG-29 Hong -5 areare
graduallygradually removed fromremoved from service.service.

30. World AviationWorld Aviation
In theIn the '20s'20s, acrobat aviators and pilots, acrobat aviators and pilots
who won flight awards have turnedwho won flight awards have turned
into a pop culture phenomenon. Butinto a pop culture phenomenon. But
its transformation into a viableits transformation into a viable
transportation requiredtransportation required
management, engineering, talent andmanagement, engineering, talent and
luck.luck.
Glenn Martin began building anGlenn Martin began building an
aircraft shortly after the Wrightaircraft shortly after the Wright
brothers' first flight, keeping hisbrothers' first flight, keeping his
company even after the World Warcompany even after the World War
II with little improvement contractsII with little improvement contracts
and projects. Leading engineers, asand projects. Leading engineers, as
Lawrence Bell, James McDonnell andLawrence Bell, James McDonnell and
Donald Douglas worked for him. InDonald Douglas worked for him. In
19291929, Martin built the, Martin built the first factoryfirst factory
designed to producedesigned to produce metal planesmetal planes..

31. Glenn CurtissGlenn Curtiss increased mechanical strength of flights.increased mechanical strength of flights.
The talented engine builder, Curtiss made the firstThe talented engine builder, Curtiss made the first
airplane flight in 1908, when he was 30. In theairplane flight in 1908, when he was 30. In the
following year, he won two awards for speed at thefollowing year, he won two awards for speed at the
international air demonstration which took place ininternational air demonstration which took place in
Reims, France, flying about 75 km/h. He designed aReims, France, flying about 75 km/h. He designed a
plane to take off and land on water and his biplanesplane to take off and land on water and his biplanes
were the first to have made operations on the deck ofwere the first to have made operations on the deck of
a warship. Moreover, his company built the first aircrafta warship. Moreover, his company built the first aircraft
(NC-4) who crossed the Atlantic.(NC-4) who crossed the Atlantic.

32. World War II and then the ColdWorld War II and then the Cold
War imposed both airplanes andWar imposed both airplanes and
pilots flying faster at higherpilots flying faster at higher
altitudes, using more power.altitudes, using more power.
Common sense and science haveCommon sense and science have
helped Air Force to face thesehelped Air Force to face these
challenges.challenges.
Jeppesen ElreyJeppesen Elrey saved the lives ofsaved the lives of
otherother pilotspilots,, publishing the fieldpublishing the field
notesnotes taken by him as he flew intaken by him as he flew in
the '30s, the pilot of the U.S. mail.the '30s, the pilot of the U.S. mail.
Signaling cues, recording ratesSignaling cues, recording rates
obstacles and explaining how toobstacles and explaining how to
locate and deal with airports,locate and deal with airports,
'Maps Jeppe' gave vital'Maps Jeppe' gave vital
information for pilots flying atinformation for pilots flying at
night or in bad weather.night or in bad weather.

33. Chuck YeagerChuck Yeager joined the Army Airjoined the Army Air
Corps and was trained as a mechanic.Corps and was trained as a mechanic.
May tariu has earned a reputation asMay tariu has earned a reputation as
the flight in the Second World War,the flight in the Second World War,
breaking down the 12 Germanbreaking down the 12 German
planes. After the war he became aplanes. After the war he became a
test pilot, flying with eachtest pilot, flying with each
experimental device developed by theexperimental device developed by the
Air Force. In 1947, Yeager pushed aAir Force. In 1947, Yeager pushed a
Bell XS-1 at a speed of 1.125km/h,Bell XS-1 at a speed of 1.125km/h,
Mach 1.06 and 12,800 m altitude.Mach 1.06 and 12,800 m altitude.
Nobody had flown so quickly. InNobody had flown so quickly. In
twenty years, Yeager executed 127twenty years, Yeager executed 127
combat missions in the Vietnam War.combat missions in the Vietnam War.
Once recruited in 1969 becameOnce recruited in 1969 became
brigadier general in the Air Force.brigadier general in the Air Force.

34. Alexander de SeverskyAlexander de Seversky hashas lost a leglost a leg
fighting for Russia in 1915, butfighting for Russia in 1915, but hehe
returned to the airreturned to the airplaneplane with awith a
wooden prosthesis andwooden prosthesis and during theduring the
war hewar he shot downshot down 13 German13 German
planes. Moving to the U.S. in 1918,planes. Moving to the U.S. in 1918,
the Seversky createdthe Seversky created aa specificallyspecifically
aiming device for the Army Airaiming device for the Army Air
Service. Seversky AviationService. Seversky Aviation
Corporation built amphibiousCorporation built amphibious
record speed and designed fightersrecord speed and designed fighters
that led to robust Republic P-47that led to robust Republic P-47
Thunderbolt model of the SecondThunderbolt model of the Second
World War.World War.

35. William LearWilliam Lear left schoolleft school
and went to patent his 150and went to patent his 150
inventions in aviation. Ininventions in aviation. In
1959 he began work on a1959 he began work on a
plane that would giveplane that would give
business plane the speedbusiness plane the speed
and comfort of a jet linerand comfort of a jet liner
on a small scale. Sinceon a small scale. Since
1963, he has sold over $1963, he has sold over $
500,000 a piece, thus500,000 a piece, thus
imposing a brandimposing a brand
synonymous with luxurysynonymous with luxury
and privilege.and privilege.

36. History of flightHistory of flight
Dream of flying began with the legend ofDream of flying began with the legend of Icarus, sonIcarus, son
of Daedalusof Daedalus. Minos King closed them both in a. Minos King closed them both in a
labyrinth, but they have made two wings of waxlabyrinth, but they have made two wings of wax
and feathers, rose in the air trying to escape. Notand feathers, rose in the air trying to escape. Not
taking into consideration his father warning andtaking into consideration his father warning and
approaching the sun, the wax melted from theapproaching the sun, the wax melted from the
heat and Icarus fell into the sea and died.heat and Icarus fell into the sea and died.

37. In the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci's famous
thought designed, among other fantastic machines,
a machine that man could fly with. Carefully
studying the flight of birds, he designed a machine
called "orthoptera". Its wings would have to be
moved by the hands and feet of a man, a
procedure that proved to be impossible.
Leonardo's plans then fell into oblivion for a long
time.

38. Later in the eighteenth century, ItalianLater in the eighteenth century, Italian Francesco Lana-Francesco Lana-
TerziTerzi imagines a flying boat, which would have to be ableimagines a flying boat, which would have to be able
to levitate by four metal ballsto levitate by four metal balls filled withfilled with air. This fantasticair. This fantastic
projectproject waswas published in 1670 and remainedpublished in 1670 and remained only on paperonly on paper..
However, the late eighteenth century, the man managed toHowever, the late eighteenth century, the man managed to
climb into the sky filled withclimb into the sky filled with hot air balloonhot air balloon. In the next. In the next
century are built firstcentury are built first glidersgliders (with arched wings as the(with arched wings as the
birds) bybirds) by Otto LilienthalOtto Lilienthal, who died in such an attempt to, who died in such an attempt to
conquer the air. But the glider was the first step towardconquer the air. But the glider was the first step toward
building a machine heavier than airbuilding a machine heavier than air ableable to move under itsto move under its
own power. It will beown power. It will be thethe airplane.airplane.

39. In 1897, FrenchmanIn 1897, Frenchman Clement AderClement Ader managed to rise into themanaged to rise into the
air with a device built by himself, which resembled a large,air with a device built by himself, which resembled a large,
strange bird which was put into operation by a propellerstrange bird which was put into operation by a propeller
engine, which made the airplane to budge from theengine, which made the airplane to budge from the
ground. Some believe that this was the first airplane everground. Some believe that this was the first airplane ever
to fly. In fact, "flight" was his jump of several meters.to fly. In fact, "flight" was his jump of several meters.
Probably the first truly successful flight was performed byProbably the first truly successful flight was performed by
the brothersthe brothers Wilbur and Orville WrightWilbur and Orville Wright a few years later,a few years later,
in 1903. These Americans were able to raise the airplanein 1903. These Americans were able to raise the airplane
for 12 seconds, the flight taking place in Kitty Hawk,for 12 seconds, the flight taking place in Kitty Hawk,
North Carolina (USA).North Carolina (USA). ThereafterThereafter many types of airplanesmany types of airplanes
began to be built in America and Europe. Those who werebegan to be built in America and Europe. Those who were
witnesseswitnesses pursuing “pursuing “thethe flight" were forced to sflight" were forced to staytay on theon the
grass to see if the wheelsgrass to see if the wheels of the planeof the plane were lifted or notwere lifted or not
from thefrom the groundground.. InIn time airplanes were improved andtime airplanes were improved and
managed to fly higher and higher and faster.managed to fly higher and higher and faster.

40. Considered an unattainable dream, flying and passionateConsidered an unattainable dream, flying and passionate
people and made them invent different and strangepeople and made them invent different and strange
machines that try to get up in the air. But barely a centurymachines that try to get up in the air. But barely a century
ago,ago, the Wright brothersthe Wright brothers were able for the first time inwere able for the first time in
America, to perform the first flight with a heavier-than-airAmerica, to perform the first flight with a heavier-than-air
device. Their airplane flew just a few feet. From then untildevice. Their airplane flew just a few feet. From then until
today, the planes have evolved since then to perform flightstoday, the planes have evolved since then to perform flights
between continents, having a speed exceeding the sound.between continents, having a speed exceeding the sound.
All these achievements are due to the greatest inventors,All these achievements are due to the greatest inventors,
who most often piloted their own planes, risking their lives.who most often piloted their own planes, risking their lives.

41. Like any new invention, the plane was received at first with lots ofLike any new invention, the plane was received at first with lots of
doubts. For a long time to be a pilot was considered a great courage,doubts. For a long time to be a pilot was considered a great courage,
because in the first years flying with such a fragile device was verybecause in the first years flying with such a fragile device was very
risky. The first airplanes were built more of wood and cloth cables andrisky. The first airplanes were built more of wood and cloth cables and
their wheels were like those of the bicycle. Builders thought that thetheir wheels were like those of the bicycle. Builders thought that the
planes had to be light in order to levitate. Although aviation hadplanes had to be light in order to levitate. Although aviation had
barely been invented, the fast progress took place immediately. Inbarely been invented, the fast progress took place immediately. In
1908, Henri Farman managed to fly a distance of one kilometre, and a1908, Henri Farman managed to fly a distance of one kilometre, and a
year later, another Frenchman, Louis Bleriot, performed a flightyear later, another Frenchman, Louis Bleriot, performed a flight
across the English Channel. In 1910, the first plane to be lifted in theacross the English Channel. In 1910, the first plane to be lifted in the
air at over 1000 meters altitude is the Jorge Chavez’s plane which flewair at over 1000 meters altitude is the Jorge Chavez’s plane which flew
crossing the Alps, but it crashed on landing. In 1911 the first flight atcrossing the Alps, but it crashed on landing. In 1911 the first flight at
night takes place, and a year later for the first time parachute jumpsnight takes place, and a year later for the first time parachute jumps
are performed from aircraft.are performed from aircraft.

42. As a basic structure, aAs a basic structure, a planeplane consists of an elongated body, called theconsists of an elongated body, called the
hull, which is part of its core. Inside, the front is where the pilot stays.hull, which is part of its core. Inside, the front is where the pilot stays.
At first, his cabin was not closed, so the pilot had to wear a leatherAt first, his cabin was not closed, so the pilot had to wear a leather
helmet and goggles, because there were strong currents. To keep thehelmet and goggles, because there were strong currents. To keep the
plane in the air, it is equipped with two large wings, each on either sideplane in the air, it is equipped with two large wings, each on either side
of the fuselage. A twin plane is called biplane. The propeller, whichof the fuselage. A twin plane is called biplane. The propeller, which
makes the machine move in the air, is in front, and it’s driven by anmakes the machine move in the air, is in front, and it’s driven by an
engine. In time, engines were improved, increasing the speed of theengine. In time, engines were improved, increasing the speed of the
aircraft.aircraft. SeaplaneSeaplane is an aircraft which, instead of landing on theis an aircraft which, instead of landing on the
ground, floats on the water. It also takes off from the water and risesground, floats on the water. It also takes off from the water and rises
in the air. Instead of wheels, it has some devices for floating, which arein the air. Instead of wheels, it has some devices for floating, which are
filled with air and thus it does not sink. Seaplanes first appeared infilled with air and thus it does not sink. Seaplanes first appeared in
1910.1910.

43. During the World War I the warring countries realized that the planeDuring the World War I the warring countries realized that the plane
can be used as a very effective weapon, first for recognition, forcan be used as a very effective weapon, first for recognition, for
hunting (tracking and destroying other aircraft in flight) and forhunting (tracking and destroying other aircraft in flight) and for
bombardment. As a recognition weapon, it could not only observebombardment. As a recognition weapon, it could not only observe
from above the enemy positions, but it could also gather aerial photosfrom above the enemy positions, but it could also gather aerial photos
of the surveiled area. Bombing planes were in the air to throw bombsof the surveiled area. Bombing planes were in the air to throw bombs
up to 1000 pounds each!up to 1000 pounds each!

44. After World War I aviation performance has greatly increased.After World War I aviation performance has greatly increased.
Aircrafts began to travel long distances to carry letters and parcelsAircrafts began to travel long distances to carry letters and parcels
which facilitated communication. Scheduled airlines were establishedwhich facilitated communication. Scheduled airlines were established
and passenger planes appeared as well. In 1927, Charles Lindberghand passenger planes appeared as well. In 1927, Charles Lindbergh
crosses the Atlantic for the first time, thereby linking by air Europecrosses the Atlantic for the first time, thereby linking by air Europe
and North America. In 1931, the Pacific is a non-stop crossing fromand North America. In 1931, the Pacific is a non-stop crossing from
Japan to the United States. Aviation is a sport and aviation rallies canJapan to the United States. Aviation is a sport and aviation rallies can
see very spectacular acrobatics.see very spectacular acrobatics.

45. With World War II, aircraft began to fly at dizzying speedsWith World War II, aircraft began to fly at dizzying speeds
and become destructive at bombing. Germany’s first jetand become destructive at bombing. Germany’s first jet
used in the late war reached up to almost twice the speedused in the late war reached up to almost twice the speed
of an ordinary plane. Jet propeller was no longer used, butof an ordinary plane. Jet propeller was no longer used, but
it was propelled by its engine, like a rocket. Nowadays,it was propelled by its engine, like a rocket. Nowadays,
planes of this type have become common, especially in theplanes of this type have become common, especially in the
military aviation. Passenger airlines are equipped withmilitary aviation. Passenger airlines are equipped with
aircrafts that can carry hundreds of people on board,aircrafts that can carry hundreds of people on board,
linking to each other the most remote places on the planet.linking to each other the most remote places on the planet.

46. Romanian aeronauticsRomanian aeronautics
FFirstirst RomanianRomanian whwho builo builtt flying machines andflying machines and pilotedpiloted
themthem wwasas Aurel VlaicuAurel Vlaicu. H. He created in 1906 the first self-e created in 1906 the first self-
propelledpropelled planeplane wwhich washich was heavier than air. Aurel Vlaicuheavier than air. Aurel Vlaicu
graduated from the Polytechnic of Munich, in 1907, thengraduated from the Polytechnic of Munich, in 1907, then
worked as an engineer at Opelworked as an engineer at Opel factory infactory in Russelheim. HeRusselheim. He
returned home in 1908 and began building his first plane, areturned home in 1908 and began building his first plane, a
very successful device, extremely stable and easy to handle,very successful device, extremely stable and easy to handle,
for that time, which allowed him to win various prizes infor that time, which allowed him to win various prizes in
international confrontation, competinternational confrontation, competinging with otherwith other
illustrious pioneers of aviation, as Frenchman Rollandillustrious pioneers of aviation, as Frenchman Rolland
Garos. Unfortunately, on September 13, 1913, VlaicuGaros. Unfortunately, on September 13, 1913, Vlaicu
crashcrasheded near Campina, in an attempt to flynear Campina, in an attempt to fly overover
CarpathiansCarpathians dying in the plane accident caused by hisdying in the plane accident caused by his
heart attackheart attack..

47. Romanian inventors
1. AUREL VLAICU1. AUREL VLAICU

48. 2. TRAIAN VUIA2. TRAIAN VUIA

49. 3. HENRI COANDA3. HENRI COANDA

50. Students: Rotaru GratielaStudents: Rotaru Gratiela
Dumitru DamarisDumitru Damaris
Dumitru DaianaDumitru Daiana
Boboia AlexandraBoboia Alexandra