Teaching and learning system explained; teaching structure and process; the subject- teacher- learner equation stating dominance of each and its effects; its advantages and disadvantages; Smart education system; teaching techniques; clinical facilities and ambience for teaching; affiliation requirements

1. Teaching system, Clinical
facilities, Affiliation
Nirmala Roberts
India

2. Teaching
An interactive process
An interpersonal influence
Aims at changing the behavior potential of the learner.
An arrangement and manipulation of situations -
To overcome/ learn
To reinforce
For guidance/ direction of learning
Does not exist in isolation

3. Learning
Acquiring new…
Modifying existing…
Reinforcing existing…
Potential change in –
Synthesizing information (Giving a personal meaning)
Depth of the knowledge
Attitude/ behavior acc to the type and range of experience
Skills
Knowledge
Behaviours
Skills
Values/ preferences
To bring
about..

4. System
A regularly interacting/ interdependent group
of items forming a unified whole.
Every system is delineated by its spatial and
temporal boundaries, surrounded and
influenced by its environment, described by its
structure and purpose and expressed in its
functioning.

5. Teaching system
Teaching system involves the structure and process of
interaction between the Teacher, the Learner and
the Subject being taught.
TEACHER
SUBJECT
LEARNER

6. Teaching structure & process
Teaching Structure Teaching process
Organization of Curriculum Planning
Organization of studies and exam Implementation
Teaching and studying techniques Evaluation
Stimulus structure Revision
Cognitive structure – Static &
kinetic

7. The teaching system should maintain a
balance between Teacher, Learner
& Subject
The processes should –
Involve delegation to appropriate faculty
Develop effective methods to deliver the course
content
Respond to changing circumstances at every level
Be self-aware and self-correcting
The Subject- Teacher- Learner
equation

8. Traditional role : Subject dominant
Subject is on top –
Decides the teacher-
Student relationship
Teacher comes next –
The servant of the Subject,
and master of the Learner.
Interprets subject to the
learner

9. Teacher dominant
Teacher in control and seeks
compliance
Manages the relationship
between Subject and Learner
Interests of the Learner or the
demands of the Subject or
both  secondary
Selection and interpretation
of the subject – By teacher

10. Learner- Subject dominance
Close relationship
between Learner and
Subject
Both in dominant
position
Teacher ‘facilitates’

11. Teacher – Centered Vs Student- Centered
Curriculum
Factors Teacher centered Learner Centered
Focus of Aims &
Objectives
On Instructor On students… & Instructor
Interactions Instructor talks, students listen Instructor models, Students interact
with instructor & one another
Activity Students work alone Students work alone/ in groups as
needed
Supervision By Instructor …corrects every
student utterance
Students work without constant
instructor monitoring
Selection of topics By instructor Student given some choice
Clarification Instructor answers every
question by student
Students answer each other, under
instructor’s guidance
Classroom ambience Quiet Noisy and busy
Evaluation of
student learning
By instructor By students & instructor

12. Teacher Centered Curriculum
- Advantages and Disadvantages of
Advantages
Orderly. students are quiet, teacher in full control
Because students learn on their own, they learn
independence and make their own decisions.
Teacher has no worries that topics will be missed
Disadvantages
Students don’t develop communication skills
Boring classes, mind wanders, important points missed
Prevents expression by/ questioning/ self direction by
students

13. Student Centered Curriculum
- Advantages and Disadvantages of
Advantages
Communicative and collaborative skills – Through group work
Self direction in learning - Through questioning
Better interaction and active participation
Independence - In learning, decision making & completing tasks
Disadvantages
Noisy chaotic classroom
Difficult to manage all activities of students by teachers
Some may miss important facts.
Some prefer to work alone, so group work can be problematic.

14. Smart Education System
An educational system that allows students to
learn by using up-to-date technology and it
enables students to study with various materials
based on their aptitudes and intellectual levels”
- Jang

16. Effective & evidence based
teaching
Objectives,
mnemonics,
feedbacks
Attention, motivation,
chunking, sequencing
Smart teaching system
The 3 – Level Teaching Structure

17. A Smart Teaching System
- Ron Fitzgerald
>ed learning

18. Techniques used in teaching
Lecture – discussion
Seminars
Symposia
Demonstration
Panel discussion
Group work
Role plays

19. Clinical facilities
Locations where students directly care for
patients/clients under the supervision of a qualified
faculty member so that program outcomes are met.
Sources – With good occupancy and required
departments and other facilities for appropriate
student learning
Parent hospital
Affiliation to other hospitals
Community
Educational visits

20. Clinical facilities
- Teaching ambience
Clinical field - Hospital depts (IP & OP); labs;
community
Mission, vision, philosophy
Patients – Adequate in quality and quantity
Care equipments
Standard routine – With SOPs as necessary
Adherence to right principles of care

21. Clinical facilities
- Teaching ambience
Facility for applying learnt theory in practice
Student’s status
Cooperation between hospital and teaching staff
Experienced & knowledgeable Clinical instructors
Involvement of the health team in teaching
Integration of Nursing education and Nursing service

22. Clinical teaching methods
Client family centered methods
Observation – Participant/ Non participant
Conference – Clinical, individual, group, staff,
nursing-care, team conferences
Nursing rounds & medical rounds – Planned/
incidental teaching
Demo and re- demo of procedures
Case study/ presentation
Bed-side clinic

23. Process recording
Brain storming methods
Problem – solving methods
Group discussion
Incidental/ planned health talks
Organizing exhibition
Research projects
OSCE (Objective structured clinical examination)
method of teaching

24. Affiliation
A state of having connection/ relationship/
association/ membership with another body for a
definite purpose
A written agreement
Generally sought for a definite period
Affiliation fees; terms and conditions

25. Affiliation sought with Regulatory
bodies…
For recognition of the course
Granted periodically after a formal
inspection of the facilities
Recognition necessary for admitting
students for the new academic year
Requires maintenance of needed standards
and facilities for the conduct of the course

26. Affiliation sought with Hospitals /
other health provider institutions …
For enhanced learning requirements
Precedes the planning of the MRP
Granted as per convenience of the institution
More than one institution may seek affiliation at one
time
Role of DHO in overall control & coordination
Written agreement states –
Nature and number of students
Period of affiliation
Undertaking during the affiliation period

27. Affiliation
Need to abide by the regulations of the
institution to which affiliated
Policies and procedures
Working hours
Terms and conditions
Return services
Drawbacks…….?

29. Components of the teaching system?
Teaching system involves _________
Teaching structure?
Teaching process?
Compare the dominance of Subject, Teacher, and Learner in
the teaching system
Compare Teacher centered and student centered curriculum
What is Smart teaching system?
Techniques used in teaching?
Clinical teaching methods?
What is affiliation?