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Law of Demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Components of Demand: The Substitution Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Components of Demand: The Income Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual Consumer’s Demand Qd X  = f(P X , I, P Y , T) quantity demanded of commodity X by an individual per time period price per unit of commodity X consumer’s income price of related (substitute or complementary) commodity tastes of the consumer Qd X  = P X  = I = P Y  = T =
Qd X  = f(P X , I, P Y , T)  Qd X /  P X  < 0  Qd X /  I > 0 if a good is normal  Qd X /  I < 0 if a good is inferior  Qd X /  P Y  > 0 if X and Y are substitutes  Qd X /  P Y  < 0 if X and Y are complements
 
Market Demand Curve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Market Demand Function QD X  = f(P X , N, I, P Y , T) quantity demanded of commodity X price per unit of commodity X number of consumers on the market consumer income price of related (substitute or complementary) commodity consumer tastes QD X  = P X  = N = I = P Y  = T =
Demand Curve Faced by a Firm Depends on Market Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demand Curve Faced by a Firm Depends on the Type of Product ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linear Demand Function Q X  = a 0  + a 1 P X  + a 2 N + a 3 I + a 4 P Y  + a 5 T P X Q X Intercept: a 0  + a 2 N + a 3 I + a 4 P Y  + a 5 T Slope:  Q X /  P X  = a 1
Linear Demand Function Example Part 1 Demand Function for Good X Q X  = 160 - 10P X  + 2N + 0.5I + 2P Y  + T Demand Curve for Good X Given N = 58, I = 36, P Y  = 12, T = 112 Q = 430 - 10P
Linear Demand Function Example Part 2 Inverse Demand Curve P = 43 – 0.1Q Total and Marginal Revenue Functions TR = 43Q – 0.1Q 2 MR = 43 – 0.2Q
 
 
 
Price Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
Price Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition
Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand
Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand P X Q X MR X
Marginal Revenue, Total Revenue, and Price Elasticity TR Q X MR<0 MR>0 MR=0
Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Determinants of Price Elasticity of Demand ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Income Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
Income Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition Normal Good Inferior Good
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition Substitutes Complements
Example: Using Elasticities in Managerial Decision Making ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Factors Related to Demand Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter 3 Appendix
Indifference Curves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Marginal Rate of Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Indifference Curves: Complements and Substitutes Perfect Complements Perfect Substitutes Q Y Q X Q Y Q X
The Budget Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Budget Lines: Change in Price GF: M = $6, P X  = P Y  = $1 GF’: P X  = $2 GF’’: P X  = $0.67
 
Budget Lines: Change in Income GF: M = $6, P X  = P Y  = $1 GF’: M = $3, P X  = P Y  = $1
Consumer Equilibrium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Mathematical Derivation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 

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The Law of Demand and Components of Individual and Market Demand

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Individual Consumer’s Demand Qd X = f(P X , I, P Y , T) quantity demanded of commodity X by an individual per time period price per unit of commodity X consumer’s income price of related (substitute or complementary) commodity tastes of the consumer Qd X = P X = I = P Y = T =
  • 6. Qd X = f(P X , I, P Y , T)  Qd X /  P X < 0  Qd X /  I > 0 if a good is normal  Qd X /  I < 0 if a good is inferior  Qd X /  P Y > 0 if X and Y are substitutes  Qd X /  P Y < 0 if X and Y are complements
  • 7.  
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10. Market Demand Function QD X = f(P X , N, I, P Y , T) quantity demanded of commodity X price per unit of commodity X number of consumers on the market consumer income price of related (substitute or complementary) commodity consumer tastes QD X = P X = N = I = P Y = T =
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Linear Demand Function Q X = a 0 + a 1 P X + a 2 N + a 3 I + a 4 P Y + a 5 T P X Q X Intercept: a 0 + a 2 N + a 3 I + a 4 P Y + a 5 T Slope:  Q X /  P X = a 1
  • 14. Linear Demand Function Example Part 1 Demand Function for Good X Q X = 160 - 10P X + 2N + 0.5I + 2P Y + T Demand Curve for Good X Given N = 58, I = 36, P Y = 12, T = 112 Q = 430 - 10P
  • 15. Linear Demand Function Example Part 2 Inverse Demand Curve P = 43 – 0.1Q Total and Marginal Revenue Functions TR = 43Q – 0.1Q 2 MR = 43 – 0.2Q
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  • 19. Price Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
  • 20. Price Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition
  • 21. Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand
  • 22. Marginal Revenue and Price Elasticity of Demand P X Q X MR X
  • 23. Marginal Revenue, Total Revenue, and Price Elasticity TR Q X MR<0 MR>0 MR=0
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  • 26. Income Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
  • 27. Income Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition Normal Good Inferior Good
  • 28. Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Linear Function Point Definition
  • 29. Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Arc Definition Substitutes Complements
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  • 37. Indifference Curves: Complements and Substitutes Perfect Complements Perfect Substitutes Q Y Q X Q Y Q X
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  • 39. Budget Lines: Change in Price GF: M = $6, P X = P Y = $1 GF’: P X = $2 GF’’: P X = $0.67
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  • 41. Budget Lines: Change in Income GF: M = $6, P X = P Y = $1 GF’: M = $3, P X = P Y = $1
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