CORONA VIRUS AND ITS CAUSES, TRANSMISSION, INVESTIGATION METHOD, AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND REFERRAL CENTRE IN LUCKNOW

1. CORONOVIRUS-2019
PRESENTED BY
DR.ANJALATCHI
M.SC(N)MD(AM)MBA(HA)

2. OVERVIEW COVID-19
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can
cause illnesses such as the common cold,
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the
cause of a disease outbreak in China.

4. CORONO VIRUS-19 NATURE
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5. INCIDENCE IN CHINA
The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory
syndrome corona -virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it
causes is called corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

6. Present status about COVID-19
• After a spike in corona-virus cases, India has
put in place strict restrictions on inbound
travel. The WHO has also declared it a
pandemic after more than 118,000 confirmed
cases and 4,291 deaths in 114 countries.

7. STATUS ABOUT INDIA INCIDENCE

8. PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA
• Here's the latest on corona-virus in India
As per Union Health Ministry, there are total 75 confirmed corona-
virus cases in India which includes 58 Indians and 17 foreign
nationals. Three have been cured, while one has died.
• In Kerala, at least 1,116 people are under observation -- 149 in
isolation wards of various hospitals and 967 under home
quarantine.
• In Karnataka, a software engineer who returned from the US on
March 1 tested positive on Monday, becoming the first COVID-19
patient in the state. According to health department officials, his
wife and daughter too tested positive for the virus on Tuesday.

9. CAUSES
• It's unclear exactly how contagious the new
coronavirus is. It appears to be spreading from
person to person among those in close
contact. It may be spread by respiratory
droplets released when someone with the
virus coughs or sneezes.

10. RISK FACTORS
Risk factors for COVID-19 appear to include:
• Recent travel from or residence in an area with
ongoing spread of COVID-19 as determined
by CDC or WHO
• Close contact with someone who has COVID-
19 — such as when a family member or health
care worker takes care of an infected person
• More rarely, the disease can be fatal. Older
people, and people with other medical conditions
(such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), may
be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill.

11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARATERISTIC OF
VIRUS
CHARACTERISTIC OF VIRUS:
• Virus not settle in the air
• It may spread in rainy season, cold weather /temperature.
• It present in the ground, so it cant transmit in air
• It fall in metal surfaces live for 12 hrs
• Its fall in fabrics stay for 9 hrs
• Its live in hands for 10minutes
• Temerature26-27c will kill the virus
• It cant live in hot temperature
• It may have two type of virus’ L’ type and S type virus
• - sources from UNICEF

12. ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION
• The air by coughing and sneezing
• Close personal contact, such as touching or
shaking hands
• Touching an object or surface with the virus
on it, then touching your mouth, nose or eyes
• In rare cases, contact with feces

13. SIGN /SYMPTOMS
• The following symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure.*
• Fever
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• People may experience:
• runny nose
• sore throat
• cough
• fever
• difficulty breathing (severe cases)

15. DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
• Assessment of respiratory system
• History review
• The basis of diagnosis for new viruses is the reverse
transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test
used to identify genetic material in many clinical
samples.
• For initial diagnostic testing for COVID-19, CDC
recommends collecting and testing upper respiratory
(nasopharyngeal and oro pharyngeal swabs), and
lower respiratory (sputum, if possible) for those
patients with productive coughs.

16. TREATMENT
• Currently, no antiviral medication is
recommended to treat COVID-19. Treatment is
directed at relieving symptoms and may
include:
• Pain relievers
• Cough syrup or medication
• Rest
• Fluid intake

17. SELF-CARE
• If you have mild symptoms, stay at home until you’ve
recovered. You can relieve your symptoms if you:
• rest and sleep
• keep warm
• drink plenty of liquids
• use a room humidifier or take a hot shower to help
ease a sore throat and cough
• Medical treatments
• If you develop a fever and cough – stay at home until
you’ve recovered and at least for 14 days in order to
keep others healthy.

18. STEPS TO PREVENT ILLNESS
• There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19).
• Symtomatic treatment (lopinavir/ritonavir 250mg./50mg bd daily)
duration 14 days after asymtomatic 7 days
• The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this
virus.
• The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person.
• Between people who are in close contact with one another (within
about 6 feet).
• Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person
coughs or sneezes.
• These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are
nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.

19. HOMEOPATHY MEDICINE

20. COVID-19 PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
• Avoid contact with animals,human and air
• Cover your mouth and nose while sneezing and
coughing
• Avoid crowed places exposure
• Wash your hand frequently whenever expose
with soil and without soil.
• Wash hands with soap and water
• Use always hand sanitizer
• Seek medical help if symptom appear
• Drink always warm water frequently.

21. • Stay home when sick
• Clean and disinfect frequently used object and
surfaces.
• Clean and disinfect the bathroom and toilet
daily
• Wear the mask while handling sick individual.
• Avoid public transportation to the health care
facilities if your sick

22. WHO also recommends that you:
• Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat or
animal organs.
• Avoid contact with live animals and surfaces
they may have touched if you're visiting live
markets in areas that have recently had new
coronavirus cases.

23. WHEN HAND WASHING TO BE
PERFORM
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least
20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with
unwashed hands.
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw
the tissue in the trash.
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and
surfaces.
• If you haven’t done so, it’s not too late to get a flu
vaccine.

24. COUGH AND SNEEZING TECHNIQUE
TO PREVENT INFECTION
Cover your coughs and sneezes
• Cover: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when
you cough or sneeze.
• Dispose: Throw used tissues in a lined trash can.
• Wash hands: Immediately wash your hands with soap
and water for at least 20 seconds or, if soap and water
are not available, clean your hands with an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
• Stay away from others
• Limit contact with pets & animals

25. HAND WASHING TECHNIQUES

26. CLEAN YOUR HANDS OFTEN
• Wash hands: Wash your hands often with soap and
water for at least 20 seconds, especially after blowing
your nose, coughing, or sneezing; going to the
bathroom; and before eating or preparing food.
• Hand sanitizer: If soap and water are not readily
available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at
least 60% alcohol, covering all surfaces of your hands
and rubbing them together until they feel dry.
• Soap and water: Soap and water are the best option if
hands are visibly dirty.
• Avoid touching: Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and
mouth with unwashed hands.

27. HAND HYGIENE TOBE PERFORMED
• Additional key times to clean hands include:
After blowing one’s nose, coughing, or
sneezing
• After using the restroom
• Before eating or preparing food
• After contact with animals or pets
• Before and after providing routine care for
another person who needs assistance (e.g. a
child)

28. Avoid Sharing Personal Household
Items
• Do not share: You should not share dishes,
drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, towels,
or bedding with other people or pets in your
home.
• Wash thoroughly after use: After using these
items, they should be washed thoroughly with
soap and water.

29. Clean All “High-touch” Surfaces
Everyday
• Clean and disinfect: Practice routine cleaning of high touch
surfaces.
• High touch surfaces include counters, tabletops,
doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards,
tablets, and bedside tables.
• Disinfect areas with bodily fluids: Also, clean any surfaces
that may have blood, stool, or body fluids on them.
• Household cleaners: Use a household cleaning spray or
wipe, according to the label instructions. Labels contain
instructions for safe and effective use of the cleaning
product including precautions you should take when
applying the product, such as wearing gloves and making
sure you have good ventilation during use of the product.

30. MONITOR YOUR SYMPTOMS
• Seek medical attention: Seek prompt medical attention if your
illness is worsening (e.g., difficulty breathing).
• Call your doctor: Before seeking care, call your healthcare provider
and tell them that you have, or are being evaluated for, COVID-19.
• Wear a facemask when sick: Put on a facemask before you enter
the facility. These steps will help the healthcare provider’s office to
keep other people in the office or waiting room from getting
infected or exposed.
• Alert health department: Ask your healthcare provider to call the
local or state health department. Persons who are placed under
active monitoring or facilitated self-monitoring should follow
instructions provided by their local health department or
occupational health professionals, as appropriate.

31. CORONOVIRUS VACCINE

36. Health care professionals

37. Assess the Suitability of the
Residential Setting for Home Care
• In consultation with state or local health department staff, a healthcare professional
should assess whether the residential setting is appropriate for home care.
• Considerations for care at home include whether:
• The patient is stable enough to receive care at home.
• Appropriate caregivers are available at home.
• There is a separate bedroom where the patient can recover without sharing immediate
space with others.
• Resources for access to food and other necessities are available.
• The patient and other household members have access to appropriate,
recommended personal protective equipment (at a minimum, gloves and
facemask) and are capable of adhering to precautions recommended as part of
home care or isolation (e.g., respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, hand
hygiene);
• There are household members who may be at increased risk of complications from
COVID-19 infection (.e.g., people >65 years old, young children, pregnant women,
people who are immunocompromised or who have chronic heart, lung, or kidney
conditions).

38. REFERRAL CENTRE IN LUCKNOW
• SGPGI HOSPITAL
• KGMU HOSPITAL
• BALLARAMPUR HOSPITAL
• DR.RML HOSPITAL

39. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING AND
FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION
• BE SAFE FROM CORONOVIRUS -19 /NOT FOR
AFRAID