4. Totality of species, populations, communities
and ecosystems, both wild and domestic
Variety and variability among living organisms
and the habitats in which they live
Includes a variety of ecosystems such as those
that occur in deserts, forests, mountains, lakes,
rivers and agricultural fields
5. In each ecosystem, living creatures including
humans form a community interacting with
one another and with other animals, plants,
air, water and soil around them
The living things form biotic community and
non-living things form abiotic community
6. Living or dwelling place of an organism
Fishes and crabs grow only in water while
many animals like elephants, tigers and camels
live on land
The geographical features and environmental
conditions on earth differ from one place to
another
7. Camel is able to live in deserts more
comfortably
Polar Bear and Penguins dwell in cold regions
Living in such harsh conditions requires special
features in these animals which help these
organisms to live, breed and excel well in that
particular place
8. Living things are made of small units called
cells
All the functions and processes in the body of
living things are brought about with the help of
cells
Unicellular organisms- organisms made up of a
single cell. Eg: amoeba, paramecium, euglena
13. Small, usually microscopic, cannot be seen with
naked eye
Aquatic, simplest and most primitive of all
animals
Perform all their physiological activities by the
special structures present inside the body
called organelles
14. Does all the activities like digestion, locomotion,
respiration and reproduction
Swallows food from the water and the food is digested in
the food vacuole
15. Contractile vacuoles help in excretion
Respiration is by simple diffusion through the
body surface
Have finger-like structures called Pseudopodia,
(false foot) which help in movement or
locomotion
21. Majority of organisms we see around us, including
animals
Different functions are carried out by different groups
of cells or organs in their body
22. Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms
1. Made up of single cell Made up of many cells
2. The single cell of the organism can
perform all the functions of life
Division of labour exists among cells
3. Microscopic in size Mostly large in size
4. Lacks tissues, organs and organ
systems
Composed of tissues, organs and
organ systems
4. Growth occurs by an increase in the
size of the cell
Growth occurs by an increase in the
number of cells by cell division
Eg: amoeba, paramecium, euglena Eg: earthworms, fish, frog, lizard,
birds and human beings
23. The presence of specific body features for
certain habits which enable a plant or an
animal to live in a particular habitat
25. The head, trunk and tail of a fish merge to form
a streamlined shape. The streamlined body
shape helps the fish to move through the water
easily
26. Has special organs called Gills which is a
respiratory organ helps to absorb oxygen
dissolved in water for breathing. It is adapted
to breathe in water
Most of the fishes have slippery scales all over
the body which protect the body
The fish has fins for swimming
27. Has strong tail which acts as rudder to change
direction and keep its body balance in water
28. Scaly-skinned reptiles
Possess legs, movable eyelids, and external ear openings
Mostly inhabit warm regions. Most lizards are quadripedal
(walk with four legs) and have a powerful limb
29. Some lizards have the capacity to rotate the
head around the head joint
Breathe through lungs. Some lizards are able to
run bipedally with two legs. In this the tail is
held out backward and upward and acts as a
counterweight
30. Most lizards eat a variety of insects like
mosquitoes and Cockroaches with sharp,
tricuspid, teeth adapted for grabbing and
holding
Some lizards (Dinosaurs) have web in the toes,
and few lizards are able to glide or parachute
the air and make soft landings
31. Have streamlined body covered with feathers
This body shape provides minimum resistance
to air
32. Have beak instead of mouth
Breathe through lungs
Have a pair of wings that are modified
forelimbs
Have hollow and light bones
33. Can hop, move, run, etc., on the ground and
perch well on the branches of tree with the help
of a pair of clawed feet
The tail of the bird helps it to control the
direction of the movements
Have strong chest muscles which help them
withstand the pressure of the air while flapping
their wings during flight
34. At a time, birds can see one object with one eye
and another object with the other eye.
(Binocular vision)
35. Has long legs which help it to keep its body
away from the hot sand in the desert
36. Can drink large amount of water (when it is
available) and store it in the body
Body is adapted to save water in the dry desert as
follows: passes small amount of urine; dung is dry
and does not sweat. Since it loses very little water
from its body, it can live for many days without
drinking water
Hump has fat stored in it. In case of emergency it
can break down stored fat for nourishment
37. Has large and flat padded feet which help it to
walk easily on soft sand
Has long eye lashes and hairs to protect its
eyes and ears from the blowing dust
Can keep its nostrils closed to avoid dust
38. Bears are insulated with two layers of fur and a
thick layer of body fat
Body temperature and metabolic rate doesn’t
change, even when temperatures reach -37 C (-34 F)
39. Can quickly overheat when they run
Ears are small and round and their tails short
and compact to conserve the most heat possible
Polar bear paws are ideal for roaming the
Arctic
40. Black footpads on the bottom of each paw are
covered by small soft bumps known as
papillae. Papillae grip the ice and keep the bear
from slipping
Tufts of fur between its toes and footpads
can help with security
Use their claws to catch and hold prey and to
gain traction on ice
41. Have webbed feet for powerful swimming
Bodies are streamlined to reduce drag in water
42. Wings shaped like flippers also help them fly
underwater at speeds up to 15 mph
Have thick skin and lots of fat (blubber) under
their skin to keep warm in cold weather
Dark coloured feathers of a penguin's back
surface absorb heat from the sun
43. Tightly packed feathers overlap to provide
waterproofing and warmth
Coat their feathers with oil from a gland near
the tail to increase impermeability
Heavy, solid bones act like a diver’s weight
belt, allowing them to stay underwater
44. Have very round bodies which protect them from cold
45. Hooves are adapted to the rugged slopes by being
flexible like rubber so they can jump from rock to
rock
Has eight teeth in front so it can easily grab big
patches of grass
Gestation periods last at least 150 to 180 days and
the babies are usually born in the spring which is a
beneficial time for the goat's babies to be born
because it is easier to survive in the warmer
weather
46. Horns help to defend them from predators
Hooves have a slit in the middle to make them
more flexible
48. Tan color allows it to blend in with the
savannas, open woodlands and deserts in
which they live
Have developed loose skin on their bellies that
protects them from the frantic kicks of their
prey