m-maji is a project from Designing Liberation Technologies, a course at the Stanford d.school.

1. m-maji
Team ASK
Anuraag Chigurupati, MS Computer Science
Sunny Jeon, PhD Political Science
Katherine Hoffmann, MA International Policy Studies

2. We live in a world like this
Credit: Moore Landscaping

3. Zoom out for a minute
Credit: Formae Mentis

4. Credit: Sean Hawkley
meet Salome

5. three times
where infant mortality is
the Nairobi average
and the second most costly cause of under-
five mortality is diarrheal disease
Source: Crow (2009), Kyobutungi (2008); Image Credit: Chrissy Olson

6. people who buy water joke that
they are buying cholera
Credit: Global Giving

7. rivers may
look like this
Credit: Chrissy Olson

8. pipes look like this
Credit: Water and Sanitation Program

9. and tap water may be scarce,
costly, uncertain, and contaminated
Credit: AFP/Getty Images/ Roberto Schmidt

10. Every day, Salome looks for
clean water
every day, Salome
looks for water

11. she looks for water on normal days
Credit: AFP/ Roberto Schmidt

12. Credit: AFP/Marco Longari
she looks for water on shortage days

13. this can take an hour

14. three hours
Credit: Professor Ben Crow, Sociology, UCSC

15. or a day
Credit: Professor Ben Crow, Sociology, UCSC

16. Credit: AFP/Getty Images/ Roberto Schmidt
Salome is not alone

17. 68% of Kibera residents
rely on water kiosks
Source: Birongo and Le (2009); Image Credit: St. Aloysius Gonzaga High School Journalism Club

18. they need
clean water
to drink,
Credit: Catherine Neumann

19. wash,
Credit: Christopher Elam

20. Credit: Chrissy Olson
cook,

21. Credit: Mamen Saura
and do laundry

22. and they therefore face this
problem every day
Credit: Reuters/ Noor Khamis

23. meet Samuel

24. Samuel sells water in Kibera
Credit: Catherine Neumann

25. 40% of
vendors in
But he doesn’t knowdo not have a
Kibera
when
he’ll have constant supply
it.
10% get water only
once a week
Source: Water and Sanitation Program; Photo Credit: AFP/ Getty Images/ Roberto Schmidt

26. looking for water and
people are
waiting for water
Credit: Ben Crow, Anthropology, UCSC

27. he needs a way to let people
know that he has water
Credit: AP/Alixa Sharkey

28. So that he can attract
customers who may not
Credit: Daily Nation
who know about him
may
not know about him

29. or who
don’t want
to risk
traveling to
an
empty
tap
Credit: MYSA Shootback

30. this problem is complex
but information can help

31. this problem is complex
but information can help

32. shortages are common, but not predictable
Salome

33. Salome

34. Salome

35. where is water today?
Salome

36. Salome

37. Salome

38. Salome
Samuel

39. Salome
Samuel

40. m-maji
Samuel
***: Mashimoni
Community Tank @ 2.8
Ksh, **: next to
GLORY food kiosk @ 3
Ksh / rt turn from
Geojam video hall @
2.5 Ksh / near
Frepals hosp. @ 2.7
Ksh
Salome

41. m-maji near Frepals hosp. @
2.7 Ksh
Samuel
Mashimoni Community
Tank @ 2.8 Ksh
Salome

42. m-maji Dialing
20 427 2100...
Samuel
Dialing
20 427 2100...
Salome

43. m-maji ***:, near Frepals
hosp. @ 2.7 Ksh
**: Mashimoni Commun
ity Tank @ 2.8 Ksh /
next to GLORY food
Samuel kiosk @ 3 Ksh / rt
turn from Geojam
video hall @ 2.5 Ksh ***: Mashimoni
Commu nity Tank @
2.8 Ksh, **: next
to GLORY food kiosk
@ 3 Ksh / rt turn
from Geojam video
hall @ 2.5 Ksh /
near Frepals hosp.
@ 2.7 Ksh
Salome

44. m-maji
If a vendor misrepresents
Samuel
availability or price, Salome can
file a complaint
Salome

45. m-maji
Samuel
Salome

46. We considered a range of different
issues around coordinating
information on water

47. Usability
User Cost
Interactions
Format
Limitations
Markets, Information
Politics Context
Location Availability Price Quality
Law of One Price
Collective Action Problems
Winners / Losers
We considered a range of different
Gangs & Government
issues around coordinating
information on water

48. Professor Ben Crow,
UCSC
NextDrop,
Crowdsourcing Water in India
University of Nairobi
Professor Edward Miguel,
UC Berkeley We considered a range of different
issues around coordinating
information on water

49. We considered a range of different
issues around coordinating
information on water

50. Usability
User Cost
Interactions
Format
Limitations

51. Usability • SMS
• Flashing
User
Interactions
Cost • Voice
Format
• USSD
Limitations

52. Usability • SMS
• Flashing
User
Interactions
Cost • Voice
Format
• USSD
Limitations

53. Information
Context
Location Availability Price Quality

54. Information
Context
Location Availability Price Quality
• Describing
locations

55. Information
Context
Location Availability Price Quality
• Describing
locations

56. Information
Context
Location Availability Price Quality
• Describing
locations

57. Markets,
Politics
Law of One Price
Collective Action Problems
Winners / Losers
Gangs & Government

58. Markets,
Politics
Law of One Price
Collective Action Problems
Winners / Losers
Gangs & Government

59. Usability • SMS
• Flashing
User
Interactions
Cost • Voice
Format
• USSD
Limitations
Markets, Information
Politics Context
Law of One Price Location Availability Price Quality
Collective Action Problems
• Describing
Winners / Losers
locations
Gangs & Government

60. Next Steps…

61. Next Steps…
1. More Needs-finding

62. Next Steps…
1. More Needs-finding
2. Build Local
Partnerships

63. Next Steps…
1. More Needs-finding
2. Build Local
Partnerships
- Maji Bora Kibera
- KWAHO

64. Next Steps…
1. More Needs-finding
2. Build Local
Partnerships
- Maji Bora Kibera
- KWAHO
3. Run a Pilot

65. Pilot / Field Test

66. Pilot / Field Test

67. Pilot / Field Test

68. Pilot / Field Test
User Feedback
Lower Water Prices?
Converge to Truthfulness?
Reduced Travel Costs?

69. Special Thanks
Leann Bankoski Emily Krumpel
Prof. Michele Barry Prof. Edward Miguel
Prof. Josh Cohen Sally Madsen
Prof. Ben Crow Caroline O’Connor
Jason Dunford Ben Olding
Lauren Finzer Macy Parker
Lucky Gunasekara Alexis Sampson
Eva Hoffmann Karen Warner
Wendy Ju Prof. Terry Winograd
and
our amazing collaborators
at the University of Nairobi