1. This module introduces the specifics of the most important varieties of Ethernet.

3. 7.1.1 10-Mbps Ethernet Common timing parameters – all 10 Mbps 10BASE2 - 10BASE5 - 10BASE-T

4. 7.1.1 10-Mbps Ethernet Common Frame Format

9. 7.1.3 10BASE2 Thin Net

10. 7.1.4 10BASE-T

11. Signal leaves the NIC and enters the cable on the Orange pair. White- Orange is +ve, solid Orange is negative. Signal leaves the cable and enters the NIC on the SPLIT Green pair. White- Green is +ve, solid Green is negative. 568 B 7.1.4 10BASE-T

15. 7.1.6 100-Mbps Ethernet The only difference between Ethernet and Fast Ethernet is the Bit Time The two technologies that have become important are 100BASE-TX, which is a copper UTP medium and 100BASE-FX, which is a multimode optical fiber medium.

18. 7.1.7 100BASE-TX multi-level transmit-3 levels 100BASE-TX (like 100BASE-FX) uses 4B/5B encoding which is then scrambled and converted to multi-level transmit-3 levels or MLT-3. Any Transition = binary 1. No transition = binary 0. Long strings of zeros would give a ‘DC’ component but because of the 4B/5B encoding this can never happen.

20. 7.1.8 100BASE-FX 100BASE-FX (like 100BASE-TX) uses 4B/5B encoding which is then scrambled and converted to Non Return to Zero, Inverted . Non Return to Zero, Inverted Any Transition = binary 1. No transition = binary 0. Long strings of zeros would give a ‘DC’ component but because of the 4B/5B encoding this can never happen. Fiber cannot use the 3 level MLT3 because the light source has only two levels, ON and OFF.

22. 7.1.8 100BASE-FX

23. 7.1.8 100BASE-FX

31. Different sub layers in the Physical Layer

33. Table 1 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-X, and 1000BASE-T 5 level PAM ANSI FC 8B/10B ANSI FDDI 4B/5B Encoding (PCS) 1000 Mbps 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps Data rate 1.25 Gbaud 125 Mbaud 125 Mbaud Symbol rate 802.3x 802.3x 802.3x Flow control 802.3 Ethernet 802.3 Ethernet 802.3 Ethernet MAC protocol 802.3 Ethernet 802.3 Ethernet 802.3 Ethernet Frame format 1000BASE-T 1000BASE-X 100BASE-TX

34. Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet All versions of Gigabit Ethernet have the same frame format, timing and transmission

37. Physical Media Dependent Each transceiver has four 3.125-Gbit/s DFB lasers that are optically multiplexed to provide a 10-Gbit/s data throughput. 10GBASE-LX4 uses Wide Wavelength Division Multiplex (WWDM) to multiplex four bit simultaneous bit streams as four wavelengths of light launched into the fiber at one time. Physical Media Attachment

40. FIN