This document provides an overview of effective learning strategies for developers. It discusses that learning involves multiple mechanisms beyond just memorization. While discomfort can be good for learning, learners have different styles that appeal to visual, auditory, physical senses. However, research shows that tailoring solely to learning styles has limited benefits. The document emphasizes developing theories of action and evaluating assumptions through experiments. It also explains the importance of both explicit and implicit knowledge as well as neuroplasticity. Overall, it encourages learners to challenge their comfort zones through novelty, varied practice techniques, and conscious evaluation of what they are learning.

1. Arthur Doler
@arthurdoler
arthurdoler@gmail.com
Slides:
Handout:
THE DEVELOPER’S GUIDE TO
LEARNING EFFECTIVELY
The stuff your brain wishes you knew
None

6. 1. You don’t learn like you think you do
2. What we call “learning” is a bunch of
different mechanisms
3. Feeling discomfort and strain is good
for you

8. WHAT’S YOUR PERSONAL HISTORY WITH
LEARNING?

11. WHAT ABOUT LEARNING TYPES?

12. Google.com search for “types of learning”, retrieved on 2017/06/15

13. 1.Visual
2.Aural
3.Verbal
4.Physical
5.Logical
6.Social
7.Solitary
1.Visual
2.Auditory
3.Read-Write
4.Kinesthetic
1.The Linguistic Learner
2.The Naturalist.
3.The Musical or Rhythmic
Learner
4.The Kinesthetic Learner
5.The Visual or Spatial Learner
6.The Logical or Mathematical
Learner
7.The Interpersonal Learner
8.The Intrapersonal Learner
1.Visual
2.Auditory
3.Kinesthetic

15. “…the appropriate design was used in
only about 20 studies, and the results of
most of them are compellingly negative.“
“By contrast, we are aware of only three
appropriately designed studies that
yielded a positive finding like that
described in our hypothetical example,
and these findings are not very
convincing.”Rohrer & Pashler, 2012

16. “Although there are a multitude of
inventories and models for assessing
learning styles, most are not reliable
(Coffield, Moseley, Hall, & Ecclestone,
2004).”
“Is there support for either prediction –
for educational practice, or barring that,
at least that the theory might be correct
(even if it’s not helpful)? No.”Willingham, Hughes, and Dobolyi, 2015

20. REALLY, THEY’RE KIND OF THE SAME
THING…

21. THEORY OF ACTION
A set of assumptions we have and actions
we can perform in order to achieve a goal
Argyris and Schön, Theory in Practice, 1974

22. GOVERNING VARIABLES
The constraints we operate under when
using our theory of action
Argyris and Schön, Theory in Practice, 1974

27. WE CHANGE OUR THEORIES OF ACTION IN
TWO WAYS:

28. SLIGHT IMPROVEMENTS AS WE LEARN
THROUGH IMPLICIT MEMORY,
NEUROPLASTICITY, AND MYELINATION

29. HUGE, CONSCIOUS CHANGES BROUGHT ON
BY DILEMMAS WE FACE DUE TO OUR
THEORIES THAT REQUIRE US TO COGNITIVELY
ENGAGE

30. A FEW EXAMPLES

33. WHY WOULD THEY BE DIFFERENT?

34. •Lying about their espoused theory
•Cognitive biases and tacit knowledge
•Desire for cognitive ease
•Cognitive dissonance
•The list goes on…

42. Be able to describe your theories
Try things that will disprove your
assumptions (if you can)
Go TDD-style when building a theory

44. SKILL
A measure of your ability to behave
effectively in situations of action
Argyris and Schön, Theory in Practice, 1974

45. WHAT MATTERS MORE IS WHETHER THE
KNOWLEDGE IS:
EXPLICIT
IMPLICIT
OR TACIT

50. EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge that can be readily articulated,
codified, accessed and verbalized
Hélie & Sun, 2010

51. TACIT KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge that cannot be articulated or
codified but instead can only be gained
through experience or watching someone
perform a task
Polanyi, Personal Knowledge, 1958

52. IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge that is not explicit, but could
be articulated and codified with effort
Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995

56. Build times & unit test times
Time to get peer review results
Try some katas to get quick coding
feedback
Limiting WIP keeps your loops shorter by
default

58. EXPLICIT MEMORY

62. Set up experiments:
Form hypotheses about why something is
the way it is – then go try to disprove
them
Allow yourself to go on explorative
tangents
Budget time for curiosity

63. IMPLICIT MEMORY

66. Find a mentor
Or a digital mentor
Or buy a mentor
Listen to other people
Watch other’s PRs or have group PRs
Be mindful & listen to your implicit memory

67. MYELINATION

68. From, Eilam, Bar-Lev, Levin-Zaidman, Tsoory, LoPresti, Sela, Arnon, and Aharoni, 2014
Zalc and Fields, 2000

69. From, Eilam, Bar-Lev, Levin-Zaidman, Tsoory, LoPresti, Sela, Arnon, and Aharoni, 2014
Zalc and Fields, 2000

70. NEUROPLASTICITY & NEUROGENESIS

72. Image Sources: Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS) (https://www.csbbcs.org/images/donald_hebb.jpg)
Georg-August University of Göttingen (https://www.uni-goettingen.de/admin/bilder/pictures/1070d7880621130dd098fe388aab9259.jpg)
“Neurons that fire
together, wire
together.
Neurons that fire
out of sync, fail to
link.”
– Siegrid Löwel’s summary of
Hebbian Theory

75. SYSTEM 1 IS OFTEN WHAT LEARNS

76. BUT ALMOST ALL LEARNING REQUIRES US TO
USE SYSTEM 2 AT SOME POINT

78. INTENTIONAL LEARNING
(AND DEDICATED PRACTICE!)
USUALLY REQUIRES EVALUATING OUR OWN
SUCCESS

80. WELL…

82. Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow

84. Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow

88. Know what mental effort feels like for you
Once you feel it: rest, reset, repeat!
Try switching your context for a quick rest
Catch yourself taking the easy way out

92. WOULD SOME PITHY QUOTES HELP?

93. Image Source: Wikimedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginni_Rometty#/media/File:Ginni_Rometty_at_the_Fortune_MPW_Summit_in_2011.jpg)
“Growth and
comfort do not
coexist.”
– Ginni Rometty, CEO of
IBM 2011 – Present

94. Image Source: Chicago Tribune (http://www.trbimg.com/img-559d3cfb/turbine/chinews-mary-schmich-20130507)
“Do one thing
every day that
scares you.”
– Mary Schmich, Chicago
Tribune

95. Image Source: Wikimedia (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson_ca1857_retouched.jpg)
“Always do what
you are afraid to
do.”
– Popularized by Ralph
Waldo Emerson

96. Image Source: Wikimedia (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Eleanor_Roosevelt_portrait_1933.jpg)
“You must do
the thing you
think you cannot
do.”
– Eleanor Roosevelt, First
Lady

97. OKAY, HERE’S SOME ACTUAL REASONS

98. REASON 1:
THE COMFORT ZONE BREEDS HOLY WARS

99. if (x < 0) {
puts("Negative");
} else {
nonnegative(x);
}

100. if (x < 0)
{
puts("Negative");
}
else
{
nonnegative(x);
}

104. REASON 2:
ESCAPING LOCAL MAXIMA

110. Take the time to learn shortcuts
Try out the command line
Automate things
ASK WHY!

111. REASON 3:
NEUROPLASTICITY & NEUROGENESIS

112. LEARNING THINGS ENABLES US TO KEEP
BEING ABLE TO LEARN NEW THINGS & AVOIDS
DEGENERATION WITH AGE
Fernández-Ballesteros, Molina, Schettini, and del Rey, 2012

114. Hand-write your notes
Draw it out or print it out and shuffle it
Fidget & move
Use brainstorming techniques that
involve varied types of input

115. REASON 4:
GROWTH AS A PERSON AND A DEVELOPER

119. Write a blog post
Give a talk
Get accepted for a talk to force yourself to
learn it
“Rubber duck”/“Cardboard cutout”
debugging

120. REASON 5:
TMFI

121. Eddie Obeng, Qube.cc

122. We have to be good at learning…
AND at knowing what we have to learn…
Or we can’t keep up.

123. TO SUMMARIZE

124. WE LEARN VIA SEVERAL DIFFERENT
PROCESSES, ALMOST ALL OF WHICH REQUIRE
SYSTEM 2

125. WE CAN TELL IF WE’RE ACTUALLY LEARNING
BY NOTING THAT WE FEEL COGNITIVE
EFFORT

126. BURN YOUR COMFORT ZONE!

127. CHASING THAT EFFORT KEEPS US PUSHING
FORWARD AND LEARNING

128. SEEK NOVELTY & CHANGE
EXPOSE OURSELVES TO AS MANY VIEWPOINTS
AS WE CAN
BE OPEN TO BEING SURPRISED

129. USE AS MANY PARTS OF THE BRAIN AS WE
CAN WHEN LEARNING
USE MULTIPLE SENSES
TELL SOMEONE ELSE WHAT YOU LEARNED

130. CONSCIOUSLY EVALUATE YOUR THEORIES OF
ACTION, DOUBLE-LOOP-STYLE

131. Arthur Doler
@arthurdoler
arthurdoler@gmail.com
Slides:
Handout: