1. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
Analytical Study of Communication Systems
AT NTPC LTD. FARAKKA SUPER THERMAL POWER STATION
Prepared By:
ADWITIA MAITI
Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering
FUTURE INNSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING&MANAGEMENT
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
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Shri. PRANAV KUMAR
DEPUTY MANAGER (IT)

2. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
CertificateOf Approval
This is to certify that ADWITIA MAITI, student of B.Tech in Electronics
and Communication from FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENThas undergone vocational training from 16.06.2014 to
12.07.2014 under my guidance and supervision at IT department, NTPC
FARAKKA. She has completed the training program successfully.
2
Pranav Kumar
DeputyManager (IT)
Place: NTPC Limited, Farakka
Date: 11 July 2014

3. Vocational Training
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Acknowledgement
I am very thankful to all those people who have supported me in this vocational
training and have helped to me understand and observe the functioning of a high
capacity thermal power plant. This vocational training at NTPC Farakka has
enriched my understanding of a functioning heavy industry and I have a lot of
people to thank for presenting me this opportunity.
Shri.Snehashish Bhattacharya (Deputy General Manager, EDC, NTPC Farakka)
and Shri.P.R. Bhattacharya (Training Coordinator, EDC, NTPC Farakka) for
their concern towards igniting young minds like mine all through the course of
the training.
I also express my sincere regards to my project guide Shri. Pranav Kumar
(DeputyManager-IT) who was always eager to provide any support and
knowledge that I required in course of this training. I would also like to thank
all the members of IT Department who helped me during this course of training.
3
ADWITIA MAITI
FUTURE INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING&MANAGEMENT

4. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
Contents
Topic Page No.
4
1.Certificate by The Supervisor
2.Acknowledgement
3.Introduction
4.Familiarisation of Power Plant
a. Coal Supply
b. Boiler
c. Turbine
d. Generator
e. Auxiliaries
f. Safety
5.Networking Basics
6.LAN Topology
7.OSI Model
8.LAN at NTPC FARAKKA
9.Plant Information Server
10.Satellite Communication in NTPC FARAKKA
11.VLAN in NTPC Farakka
12.References
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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17
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1. Introduction:
Farakka Super Thermal Power Station Basic Facts:
Address
P.O. Nabarun-742 236,Dist. Murshidabad, West Bengal
(STD-FKN-03485, KJT-03512)
Telephone
(STD-FKN-03485, KJT-03512) KJT -224241 FKN –
252131
Fax KJT-26449
Approved capacity 2100 MW
Installed Capacity 2100 MW
Location Murshidabad, West Bengal
Coal Source Rajmahal Coal Fields of ECL
Water Source Farakka Feeder Canal
Beneficiary States
West Bengal, Bihar,Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim, Assam,
Tripura and Damodar Valley Corporation.
Approved Investment
Stage I: Rs. 730.93 Crores
Stage II: Rs. 2453.29 Crores
Unit Sizes
Stage - I: 3x 200 MW
Stage -II: 2x 500 MW
Stage -III expansion of FARAKKA STPP is approved
with
the addition of one 500 MW unit.
Units Commissioned
Unit -I 200 MW January 1986
Unit -II 200 MW December 1986
Unit -III 200 MW August 1987
Unit -IV 500 MW September 1992
Unit -V 500 MW February 1994
Unit -VI 500 MW March 2011
International Assistance
IBRD
KFW
Italian assistance, Banker's Trust co.
EXIM Bank, Japan, IDA

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2. Familiarisation of the Power Plant:
STONE PICKING MAGNETICSEPARATION
CRUSHER STACK YARD CONVEYOR
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2.1 Coal Supply:
The primary fuel supply for any thermal power plant is Coal. Each power plant has a
dedicated coal mine which caters to the coal needs of the power plant. The FARAKKA Super
Thermal Power Station has its dedicated coal mine at Lalmatia in Bihar. Coal from this mine
comes through a dedicated ‘Merry Go Round (MGR)’ railway system directly to FSTPS.
However due to the inferior quality of coal from Lalmatia, a secondary system of coal comes
through the waterways typically from Indonesia. These two varieties of coal are mixed, made
free from stones and magnetic materials at the ‘Coal Handling Plant (CHP)’, are crushed at
the crusher house and are stored at the stack-yard. From the stack-yard, conveyors carry the
coal to the Main Plant.
The coal from the coal handling plant reaches the bunkers from these bunkers feeders carry
the coal to mills. The mills pulverize the coal to very fine powder and from each mill 4
outlets go out that carry the coal, mixed with primary air that serves the purpose of carrying
the coal to the boiler.
2.2 Boiler:
The basic function of a boiler in a power plant is to generate superheated steam by burning
coal. Thus the two systems in a boiler are those of the coal air mixture and the water (steam)
system. However whenever a boiler starts up, it is done by a system of Heavy Fuel Oil. In
this system basically the oil goes to the boiler along with atomizing (secondary) steam and is
lighted up using a spark rod. As the temperature constraints of the boiler are reached, the
HFO system is withdrawn and the plant runs solely on coal. The two basic systems in the
boiler are described below:
2.2.1Coal Air System:
 Pulverized coal from each mill is mixed with primary air from the primary air fan
and the four outlets from each mill are fed into the four corners of the boiler. Now
for a 200MW unit, six mills feed the boiler thus each mill sends in coal at a
particular height. Thus the mills are named as A, B, C, D, E& F according to the
level at which they pump in coal.
LALMATIA
INDONESIA
COAL HANDLING PLANT
TO BUNKER

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 The coal from first pass ignites and passes through the loose neck to the second
IP Turbine LP Turbine
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pass.
 The coal air mixture coming out from the 2nd pass is called flue gas and this is fed
to the Air Pre-Heater that serves the purpose of heating up incoming cool air to hot
Primary Air.
 The flue gas cools somewhat at the APH and is sent to the Electro-Static
Precipitators where 99.9% of ash is removed.
 Finally the ID fan sends the cleansed flue gas to the chimney to be spilled out
2.3 Turbine:
The turbines at FSTPS basically consist of three turbines which are arranged as below:
Super-Heated Steam
Reheater
HP
Turbine
2.4 Generator:
FSTPP (Farakka Super Thermal Power Plant)has 6 units (stage-I: 3 x 200 MW, stage-II: 2 x
500 MW & stage –III: 1x500 MW) of 3-phase synchronous generators which convert
mechanical energy to electrical energy. The generators are coupled to the steam turbine shaft.
2.5Auxillaries:
To maintain the power plant functions a number of auxiliaries, also known as off-sites are
required. Two of these have already been discussed in the coal supply section. The remaining
ismentioned below:
 The condenser or cooling water system that converts the steam coming out from the
IP turbine to water.
 The make-up water system which makes normal water usable for the plant.
 The demineralizing system.
 Ash handling system (Bottom Ash and Fly Ash).
 Fire Fighting System

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 HFO pumping system.
 Plant Air, Instrumentation Air Generation System.
 Switchyard that makes the power generated in the turbo generator usable by
customers by distributing the power over different lines and also to the Power Grid
Corporation of India Limited.
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2.6 Safety Mechanism:
To protect the plant equipments against damage a number of automatic systems have to be
developed so that the machines shut themselves down whenever they detect malfunction. Eg.
Whenever the frequency of power generated exceeds a certain level, turbines need to be shut
down.
A number of such systems are installed at NTPC Farakka that ‘trips’ any machine whenever
any problem occurs in the system.

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3.ComputerNetworks:
A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate with one another
over a shared network medium. A computer network is a collection of two or more connected
computers. When these computers are joined in a network, people can exchange files and
information between each other. When a network becomes open sourced it can be managed
properly with online collaboration software. As companies rely on applications like electronic
mail and database management for core business operations, computer networking becomes
increasingly more important.
Every network includes:
 At least two computers Server or Client workstation.
 Networking Interface Card's (NIC) or port
 A connection medium, usually a copper cable or OFC, although wireless communication
between networked computers and peripherals is also possible.
 Network Operating system software, such as Microsoft Windows NT or 2000, Novell
NetWare, UNIX and Linux etc.
Computer Network
3.1 Types of Networks:
 3.1.1 Local Area Networks:LANs are networks usually confined to ageographic
area, such as a single building or a college campus. LANs can be small, linking as few
as three computers, but often link hundreds of computers used by thousands of
people. The development of standard networking protocols andmedia has resulted in
worldwide uses of LANs throughout business and educational organizations.

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 3.1.3 Wide Area Network:Wide area networking combines multiple LANsthat
are geographically separate. This is accomplished by connecting the different LANs
using services such as dedicated leased phone lines, dial-up phone lines, satellite
links, and data packet carrier services. Wide area networking can be as simple as a
modemand remote access server for employees to dial into, or it can be as complex as
hundreds of branch offices globallylinked, using special routing protocols and filters
to minimize the expense of sending data sent over long distances.
Fig: Wide Area network
3.2 Categories of Network:Network can be divided in to two main categories.
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1) Peer-to-peer.
2) Server-based.
 3.2.1 Peer-Peer Network:In peer-to-peer networking there are no dedicated
servers or hierarchy among the computers. All of the computers are equal and
therefore known as peers. Normally each computer serves as Client/Server and there
is no one assigned to be an administrator responsible for the entire network. Peer-to-peer
networks are good choices for needs of small organizations where the users are
allocated in the same general area, security is not an issue and the organization and
the network will have limited growth within the foreseeable future.

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System
System
Fig: -Peer-Peer Network
 3.2.2Client/Server Based: The term Client/server refers to the concept of
sharing the work involved in processing data between the client computer and the
powerful server computer.A Server computer in the network serves the requests of
other computers called Clients.A Server can be a File Server, Print Server or
Application Server. The client/server model is basically an implementation of
distributed or cooperative processing. At the heart of the model is the concept of
splitting application functions between a client and a server processor. The division of
labour between the different processors enables the application designer to place an
application function on the processor that is most appropriate for that function. This
lets the software designer optimize the use of processors--providing the greatest
possible return on investment for the hardware.
Fig: Client/server based network
System
System
System
Application Server

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3.3 LAN Topology:
 3.3.1 Bus Topology:A linear bus topology consists of a main run of cablewith a
terminator at each end. All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are
connected to the linear cable
 3.3.2 Star Topology:A star topology is designed with each node (file server,
workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or
concentrator.Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator
before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and
controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This
configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with
coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.
 3.3.3 Ring Topology:All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a
closed loop Each device is connected to 2 other devices. One on each side of it
Ringtopologies are relatively expensive and difficult to install But they
offerhigh bandwidth and can span large distances simple ringtopology.

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 3.3.4 Mesh Topology: The mesh topology incorporates a unique network design
in which each computer on the network connects to every other, creating a point-to-point
connection between every device on the network. The purpose of the mesh
design is to provide a high level of redundancy. If one network cable fails, the data
always has an alternative path to getto its destination.
3.4 Common Types of Transmission Media:
 3.4.1 Coaxial cable: Coaxialcable or coax is a type of cable that has an inner
conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular
conducting shield. Coaxial cables have an outer sheath or jacket for its protection and
insulation.
Fig: Coaxial cable
 3.4.2 Twisted Pair Cable:Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two
conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of cancelling out
electromagnetic interference from the external sources, for instance, electromagnetic
radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between
neighboring pairs.
There are two types of twisted pair cable: 1) Unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP)
2) Shielded twisted pair cable ((STP)
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Fig:Twisted pair cable Fig: STP & UTP
 3.4.3 Optical Fibre Cable:An optical fibre cable is a cable containing one or
more optical fiberscore that are used to carry light.The optical fibre elements are
typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube
suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.It is of two types: 1)
Single mode, 2) Multi-mode.
The Fibre Optic cable on which the ray of light propagates in multiple paths with
respect to time is called Multi Mode Fibre. It is complex in construction due to the
presence of coating of graded refractive index material along the length of the cable.
The light source used will be a conventional LED. It is available with single
core/multi core as per the requirement.
Fig: Fibre optic cable
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3.5 OSI – Open System Intercommunication: This is a conceptual model
developed by ISO, which describes how data is transmitted from one computer to another.
 OSI Model:Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model has become an
International standard and serves as a guide for networking. This model is the best-known
and most widely used guide to describe networking environments. Vendors
design network products based on the specifications of the OSI model. It provides a
description of how network hardware and software work together in a layered fashion
to make communications possible. It also helps with trouble shooting by providing a
frame of reference that describes how components are supposed to function.
There are seven layers to get familiar with and these are the physical layer, data
link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and
the application layer.
Fig: OSI Layers
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Fig: Data Transmission in OSI Model
3.6 Local Area Network (LAN ) at NTPC FARAKKA:
All the employees of the Farakka Super Thermal Power Station are very well connected to
each other via the existing local area network. The LAN facilitates easy and fast access of
data as well as devices connected to the LAN. This ensures efficient and fast exchange of
information. The existing LAN structure of NTPC Farakka is illustrated in figure I
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Fig 1: LAN connection of whole NTPC Farakka Project
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The existing LAN Structure comprises the following:-
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 The fiber optic network
 IPDSLAM AND ADSL modem
 DSL
IPDSLAM AND ADSL modem: The above system is provided for users who are located at
remote locations and who cannot access the LAN through the normal fibre optic connection.
In such a case the users can access the LAN using their INTERCOM connection.
At present onenumber of IPDSLAM are provided in the IT department which connects to the
LAN through a Layer Two Switch at one end and 24 nos. ADSL outputport may be
connected through the Telephone Exchange via splitter to the desired telephone line. At the
user end LAN connection provided through splitter and ADSL modem. The interconnection
is shown in the figure below.
Fig-IPDSLAM System
Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL): It is used for BSNL Broadband
connectionwithADSL modem. xDSL is a very high speed connection that uses the same
wires as a regular telephone line (Two wire or Four wire). In telephone line two wire
connection is used for broadband.
Here are some advantages of DSL
 You can leave your Internet connection open and still use the phone line for voice calls

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 The speed is much higher than a regular modem (Approx 1.5 Mbps vs. 56 Kbps)
 DSL doesn't necessarily require new wiring; it can use the phone line you already have.
 The company that offers DSL will usually provide the modem as part of the installation.
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But there are disadvantages
 A DSL connection works better when you are closer to the provider's central office
 The connection is faster for receiving data than it is for sending data over the Internet
 The service is not available everywhere.
In NTPC-Farakka DSL lines have been used to connect the MGR and DM plant to the
server at the IT department.
WAN AT FARAKKA
Fig: WAN connection of NTPC Farakka
4.Plant Information Server:
The PI System offers real-time process insight throughout the enterprise, saving costs,
boosting productivity, averting mistakes, and supporting business decisions. PI is primarily
used in process industries, but its flexibility, versatility and fast, economical deployment
make it a valuable asset in any organization. More than 10,000 enterprises across a broad
range of industries have now benefited from OSI Soft’s ground breaking PI system.

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The PI System, a Data Historian, is a Real Time Information Management System with
Client Server Architecture designed to fully automate the collection, storage and presentation
of plant information for visualization and analysis.
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About PI System:
 PI Server: PI server, a 3rd party data historian located at each Station as well as CC. It
can get data from OPC compliance systems such as Plant DCS, Plant ABT, Plant
EMS System etc.
 PI Server stores data based on a set of predefined rules which may vary based on
parameter criticality.
 The data is stored in a time series manner i.e. each data has a time stamp associated
with it.
PI Implementation Status in NTPC:
 PI System is implemented at all stations of NTPC
 Systems connected to respective PI systems based on individual system OPC
compliance status.
Salient Features:
 Unique Compression technology
 Huge Volumes of real time data can be stored
 Fast Data Retrieval Speed
 User Friendly client tools
Fig: Diagram of PI Server System in NTPC FARAKKA

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PI Data Flow Exception Test:
Data Flow: A value has to pass two tests to be stored in the PI archive: the exception test and
the compression test.
Exception Test: The exception test is done at the interface level. The values that pass this test
are sent server and become “snapshots”.
Compression Test: The compression test is done at the server level. The compression
algorithm determines which of the snapshots will be kept in the archive.
.
Fig: Snapshot of PI Server System Working on NTPC FARAKKA

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4.Satellite Communication in NTPC Farakka:
The origins of Satellite Communications can be traced back to an article written by Arthur
Clarke in the British Radio magazine Wireless World in 1945. Satellite communications
began much later in October 1957 with the launch by USSR of a small satellite called Sputnik
I. The first true communications satellites, Telstar-I and Telstar-II, were launched in July
1962 and May 1963 respectively. Since then there has been no looking back.Satellite
communications offers a great no. of advantages over terrestrial links that is why, it is
preferred over terrestrial communication, namely
 High availability- minimal/nil fading
 No last mile problem
 Extensive coverage-Hemi/Zonal/Spot
 Broadcast nature allows easy point to multipoint links
 Easy scalability and expandability of network.
 Security and secrecy can be adequately addressed
 Less prone to failure due to natural calamities.
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The disadvantages being:-
 High up-front investment in ground segment
 High recurring cost on Satellite segment.
4.1 SATELLITE:
Satellite : GSAT 10
Location : 83 DEG EAST
Transponder No. : 3
Transponder Bandwidth : 27MHz (6292.00MHz-6319.00MHz)
The transponder no 10 of GSAT 10 with a bandwidth of 27MHz has been allocated to
NTPC to cater to its communication purposes.The Farakka Satellite Communication Plan is
given

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The outdoor unit basically consists of the Antenna and the RFT. The indoor unit comprises a
modem, multiplexer, router, DTE, EPBX. A brief description of each of the components is
given below:-
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4.2 ANTENNA:
The antenna is of cassegrain configuration using shaped reflector technique to optimize
receive gain to noise ratio and the corrugation technique for primary horn feed to get better
symmetry and minimum side lobe of the radiation pattern. The antenna specification is given
below
T
Type
Feed And Reflector
:
:
LIMITED STEERABLE AZ-EL MOUNT
7.5M dia. CASSEGRAIN WITH SHAPED
REFLECTOR
Tracking : MANUAL DRIVE, AUTO STEP TRACK
Sky Coverage : EL +5deg - +90deg
AZ -20deg - +20 deg
Frequency Range : Tx 5.850-6.425GHz
Rx 3.700-4.200GHz
Polarization : LINEAR ORTHOGONAL AND CIRCULAR
Gain : 6GHz BAND- 51+20logf/6 dB
4GHz BAND –47.5+20logf/4dB
Power Handling
Capacity
Weight
:
:
5KW C W
9 Tonnes (Approx.)

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4.3 Transreceiver:
The AAV680 C-Band single Package Transceiver ODU interfaces with the 70MHz/140MHz
Indoor Unit having bandwidths of + 18MHz. It comprises a SPT, Phase locked Low Noise
Block (PLLNB), Booster for 16W and above and various accessories.
The main function of the SPT is to up convert the 70MHz/140MHz IF I/P from the modulator
to an RF signal(6310Hz), transmission via the antenna and to down convert the signal
(4085Hz) to an IF signal of 70MHz/140MHz for the demodulator. The SPT consists of two
modules namely:
L-Band module comprising the synthesizer, up converters, down converters, and control unit.
Power & Block up Module comprising the power supply board, SSPA (Solid State Power
Amplifier) Module and the BUC (Block up Converter) Module.
A low noise amplifier is provided which receives the weak downlink (4085MHz) and
amplifiers it to the correct before sending it to the SPT for frequency down conversion. It
used HEMT device achieve low noise, high gain and low distortion amplification feature. A
booster is provided to boost up the transmit power of the signal (6310MHz) from SPT.
For better reliability, tow streams of outdoor transceivers have been provided. Redundancy
switching equipment performs the switchover operation when a fault is detected at any one of
the streams. Switchover can be auto/manual and results in less than half a second of traffic in
interruption, independent path switching between the transceivers are allowed.
4.4 Satellite Modem:
Modem is a combination of two words Modulation and Demodulation. This is a device,
which modulates the transmitting signal and demodulates the receiving signal as per
requirement and design. A communication device that converts one form of signal into
another that is suitable for transmission over communication circuits, typically from digital to
analog and then from analog to digitalModulation means superimposing the base band signal
on a carrier of high frequency so that it can be transmitted and demodulation is just vice versa
of it i.e. it extracts the message signal from carrier wave at receiving end.

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Fig: Satellite Modem
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4.6 Multiplexers:
The MUX is a highly versatile user configurable modular TDM system providing an efficient
method for transmitting data, voice and fax over digital data services. Its main functions are:
 Multiplexing/De-multiplexing operation.
 System management.
 Interfacing with the optional external system management.
4.7 Routers:
Routers are specialized Network Device (Layer Three) that sends or received massage/datato
every other Internet user speeding to destinations along thousands of pathway; these are crucial
devices that let massages flow between networks rather than within network. A router has two
related job.
1. The router ensure that information does not go where it is not needed this is crucial for
keeping large volumes of data from clogging the connection of innocent bystanders.
Fig: Interconnections of Routers Using Routers

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2. The router makes sure that information dose make it to the intended destination.
It joins the two networks, passing information from one to the other and, in some cases,
performing translations of various protocols between the two networks. It also protects the
network from one another, preventing the traffic on from unnecessarily spilling over to the
other. As the number of networks attached to one another grows, the configuration table
traffic among then grows. And the processing power of the router is increased.
A configuration table is collection of information, including:-
(i)Information on which connections lead to particular groups of addresses
(ii) Priorities for connections to be used
(iii) Rules for handling both routine and special cases of traffic
Fig: Satellite Communications Systems using routers
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4.8 Hubs:
Hubs are actually multiport repeaters. In many cases, Difference between the two devices is
the number of ports that each provides. While a typical repeater has just two ports, a hub
generally has from four to twenty-four ports. Hubs are the most commonly used Ethernet
10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks, although there areother network architectures that use
them as well
4.9Switch:A switch is sometimes described as a multiport bridge. While a typical bridge
may have just two ports linking two network segments, the switch can have multiple ports
depending on how many network segments are to be linked. Like bridges, switches learn
certain information about the data packets that are received from various computers on the
network. Switches use this information to build forwarding tables to determine the
destination of data being sent by one computer to another computer on the network.

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5.VLAN in NTPC FARAKKA:
VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network. In NTPC Farakka.All the employees are very
well connected to each other via the existing virtual local area network. There are a total of 7
VLANs. The VLAN facilitates easy and fast access of data as well as devices connected to
the VLAN. This ensures efficient and fast exchange of information. VLAN is not at all area
specific and can be accessed from any place in the network (which is not possible in
subnetting). Using layer-3(L3) and layer-2(L2) switches the VLAN is established in the
power plant through hybrid or trunk link. The work of the hybrid network is to act as gateway
and allow all the access to all the VLANs unless and until any VLAN is kept out of the tags
of hybrid link.. Some VLANS are restricted at some places depending upon the usage and
safety purposes as well. Whenever the data comes from the corporate office located at Delhi,
it first reaches the IT and Communication department through a router having a specific IP
address. The data is further distributed in other departments using VLAN technology. VLAN
allows the users not to be area specific and can access data from anywhere provided the
access is not denied for that particular VLAN in that particular location/hybrid link. The
following diagram is an example of how VLAN in NTPC works. Every VLAN has a Default
Gateway IP (VLAN Interface)for particular VLAN.
Fig: Block Diagram of NTPC FARAKKA VLAN System

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IP Series(#) Subnet Mask Gateway
(VLAN
Interface)
Location
192.168.96.*
192.168.97.*
192.168.98.*
192.168.99.*
192.168.100.*
192.168.101.*
192.168.102.*
192.168.103.*
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
192.168.96.1
192.168.97.1
192.168.98.1
192.168.99.1
192.168.100.1
192.168.101.1
192.168.102.1
192.168.103.1
CHP Workshop, CHP Control Room, Coal
Bhawan, MGR Workshop, MGR Control
Room, Wagon Tripler.
DM Plant, Central Workshop, O&M Civil,
EMG Building, Dry Ash Silo, Unit-1, unit 1-
6.6 KV, Unit-2 & 3,Unit 3 – 6.6 KV, Unit 4,
Unit 4-6.6 KV, Unit 5, Unit 5-6.6 KV, Unit 6,
Unit 6 6.6KV, 16 MTR, Permanent Store,
Mill maintenance.
Plant Main Gate, CCD Building, Erection
Building, FQA Building, Auto Base, R & I
Store, General Store, Petrol Pump, LWTP
Building. Ash Utilization, Plant 2nd Gate,
Time Office,
Admin Building, Auditorium
IT Building.
Service Building.
Plant Telephone Exchange, Field Hostel
Telephone Exchange, Field Hostel Town
Admin, TTS Town Admin, TTS Hospital,
PTS Telephone Exchange, PTS Town Admin,
PTS Hospital, EDC
IT Building to all Routers & layer 2 , layer 3
switches, GM video Conference Device,
VLANs at NTPC-Farakka. IP series
(#=as per security purpose the original IP series address is change)

29. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
Fig: VLAN System in NTPC FARAKKA
Fig: A typical LAN Connection System in NTPC Farakka
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30. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
DESCRIPTION of equipment used in LAN Setup
PC: Minimum numbers of Host (PC) for LAN i.e. two nos. PC.
I/O point: information outlet box with RJ-45 socket
UTP patchcord: -It is used for connection between PC NIC card to I/O box. It is made of
flexible copper wire.
Patch panel:It is used for termination on switch rack. It is connected with I/O point
through fixed UTP cable up to 100mtrs. It contains 24 nos. of RJ-45 type socket.
UTP cable (Unshielded twisted pair):It is used for connection between I/O and patch
panel.UTP cable contain 08 cores and each core is made of single solid copper wire.
OFC patch cord:It is used for connection betweenfiber modules of switch (L-2/L-3) to
LIU termination.
LIU (light interfacing unit):It is used both end of OFC cable for termination junction.
Inside, fibres are terminated to coupler through its connecter type.
OFC to UTP media converter: -It is used for UTP to OFC output compatibility.
Electrical signal is converted to optical signal or vice versa. It converts electrical signal to
optical signal or vice versa.
Mount cord: - It is used for connection between patch panels to switch RJ-45 type
Ethernet port.
Wall mount rack:It is used to protect the switch. L-2 switch & patch panel are inside this
rack/box.
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31. Vocational Training
NTPC, FARAKKA
REFERENCES
1. Shri. Pranav Kumar (Deputy Manager-IT, NTPC Farakka)
2. Shri. Sritam Saha (Deputy Manager-IT, NTPC Farakka)
3. Data Communications and Networking, by Forouzan
4. Computer Networks, by B.K. Mehta
5. Group Discussions
6. Website Links:
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i. www.wikipedia.com
ii. www.ntpc.com
iii. www.google.com/images