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Retrofitting the Internet for Digital Ownership
- 1. Trent McConaghy © ascribe GmbH 2015 Version 0.9, May 29, 2015 ascribe ID: 167DLM2vXEKLEMd4kRLJVqBmgW3iFMBues Rewiring the Internet for Ownership with Big Data and Blockchains
- 2. Problems
- 8. Jonathan Monaghan Escape Pod 2015, 3 editions How do you collect digital art?
- 9. Jonathan Monaghan Escape Pod 2015, 3 editions How do you collect digital art?
- 10. http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/17/4844814/would-you-pay-2000-for-a-gif "the question of ownership [of digital art] … is still unsolved ... the elephant in the room” -the Verge, 2013
- 11. How do you share 3d-printing designs? “my conclusion is that whatever you put on the internet you lose it. Maybe keep the rights, but lose the power over it.” -user on Shapeways blog http://www.shapeways.com/blog/archives/19789-copyright-3d-printing-and-you-what-does-it-all-mean.html
- 12. Fortified: Restricted, difficult to reuse, difficult to share Copyright Zone Public Domain Ocean Open: Unrestricted reuse, but much material is inferior or outdated Adapted from http://xanadu.net/NOWMORETHANEVER/XuSum99.html
- 13. Ownership of digital property (especially on the internet) is a mess • Creators – hard to get compensated. Sharing = losing control. • Collectors / audience – no secondary markets • Connectors – distracted by legals • For almost every digital media vertical: digital art, photography, 3d, music, videos, ..
- 14. Ownership of digital property (especially on the internet) is a mess • Creators – hard to get compensated. Sharing = losing control. • Collectors / audience – no secondary markets • Connectors – distracted by legals • For almost every digital media vertical: digital art, photography, 3d, music, videos, .. Where’s my stuff?
- 15. Ownership of digital property (especially on the internet) is a mess • Creators – hard to get compensated. Sharing = losing control. • Collectors / audience – no secondary markets • Connectors – distracted by legals • For almost every digital media vertical: digital art, photography, 3d, music, videos, .. Where’s my stuff? No visibility Painful legals
- 16. Why? Ownership of digital property (especially on the internet) is a mess Some WWW history…
- 19. Create some art, and put it on the net. Trent’s (obviously great) work of art
- 20. original The WWW Zero links: Copy with no attribution
- 21. original Uni-directional links: Attribution but no ownership control The WWW Zero links: Copy with no attribution or mis- attribution
- 22. original Uni-directional links: Attribution but no ownership control The WWW Zero links: Copy with no attribution or mis- attribution Where’s my stuff? No visibility Painful legals
- 23. “The current world wide web does basically one thing: simple, stupid, mindless hyperlinks. But even that alone was enough to build a functional and useful internet for the world.” -Jeff Atwood, Coding Horror Blog http://blog.codinghorror.com/the-xanadu-dream/
- 24. Does it need to be this way? Some pre-WWW history…
- 25. “[Consider] a unified .. service that would provide storage and publication services, and manage .. royalty payment on a .. fair basis that would facilitate unrestricted virtual republishing” -Ted Nelson -on a vision from 1965 http://xanadu.net/NOWMORETHANEVER/XuSum99.html
- 26. Restricted Copyright Zone Unrestricted Public Domain Zone Unrestricted Transpublishing Zone Anything may be quoted, and republished, without prearrangement or difficulty, retaining © and © benefits Growing pool of republishable materials Public domain ocean 1. Theodor H. Nelson, "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing and the indeterminate." Proceedings of the ACM National Conference, 1965. 2. Image adapted from http://xanadu.net/NOWMORETHANEVER/XuSum99.html “.. a new middle realm, one which renders copyright benign and flexible .. a win-win system, as it is beneficial both to rights holders and to users, in a way that other copyright systems are not beneficial to users.” –Ted Nelson The Xanadu Vision (from 1965) “The original hypertext project”
- 27. original 1. Bi-directional links, 2. Baked-in copyright The Xanadu design
- 28. original 1. Bi-directional links, 2. Baked-in copyright Where’s my stuff? The Xanadu design
- 29. original 1. Bi-directional links, 2. Baked-in copyright Where’s my stuff? The Xanadu design Visibility via bi-dir. links Baked-in copyright
- 31. The Xanadu design was actually “a little” more complicated (1968) http://xanadu.net/NOWMORETHANEVER/XuSum99.html
- 32. original Bi-directional links: Owner awareness, “baked-in copyright” Xanadu What happened? 1. Complex → hard to build 25+ year effort – “vaporware” 2. The simpler WWW came along 3. And ate its lunch…
- 33. original Uni-directional links: Attribution but no ownership control Zero links: Copy with no attribution or mis- attribution So now we have the WWW, warts and all “HTML is precisely what we were trying to prevent -- ever-breaking links … no rights management.” –Ted Nelson
- 34. Summary so far • Ownership of digital property (especially Internet) is a mess • Despite being anticipated since the 60s • And designed for • But simplicity of www won out • Leaving “where’s my stuff?” unsolved
- 35. A new Q: Can we retrofit the Internet for ownership? (and realize the Xanadu aims in the process)
- 36. original The ascribe idea 1. Auto-discover bi-directional links 2. Easy, secure legals auto auto auto auto
- 37. original The ascribe idea 1. Auto-discover bi-directional links 2. Easy, secure legals auto auto auto auto Where’s my stuff? Auto bi-dir. links Easy, secure legals
- 38. original The ascribe idea auto auto auto auto Where’s my stuff? How (ascribe): • Crawl the entire internet (220 Tb text) • Similarity match against creator’s content (10G+ images, 3d designs, ..) • This is a machine learning problem, at Internet scale • To know when someone’s using your work
- 39. original The ascribe idea auto auto auto auto Where’s my stuff? • Easy legals via terms of service: “I claim copyright rights” (creator) and “I transfer [beneficial-use] copyright rights” (sale). • Copyright in a box! • Secure copyright by time-stamping evidence of ownership actions onto a trusted ledger (bitcoin blockchain). • Special “SPOOL” protocol for ownership: unique editions, consign, loan .. • Time-stamp = evidence for court in case of ownership dispute (thank you Silk Road!)
- 40. Easy legals: snippet of ascribe terms of service
- 41. Secure legals: blockchain ownership protocol SPOOL = Secure Public Online Ownership Ledger. github.com/ascribe/spool
- 42. ascribe ownership REST API ascribe web appmarketplaces How: full ascribe tech stack blockchain PySPOOL + transactions bitcoin protocol ascribe TOS (+ legal counsel)the Internet (crawl me) ascribe ownership servers ascribe crawl, machine learning 2. Easy, secure legals 1. Auto-discover bi-directional links SPOOL protocol
- 43. BITCOIN OVERLAY (SPOOL*) Interface 1/4 on the ascribe stack *SPOOL = Secure Public Online Ownership Ledger For adventurous BTC hackers
- 44. Bitcoin overlay (SPOOL): register tx Example on 3 editions Hash of work ascribe address Edition 1/3 addr Edition 2/3 addr Edition 3/3 addr BTC change OP_RETURN “register”
- 45. Bitcoin overlay (SPOOL): transfer ownership tx Old owner’s addr for piece New owner’s addr for piece OP_RETURN “transfer” BTC change ≈ the first time any bitcoin leaves existing owner’s wallet, ownership is transferred to the output wallet
- 46. Bitcoin overlay (SPOOL): Provenance emerges naturally Owner 1 Owner 2 Owner 3 Owner 4
- 47. Bitcoin overlay (SPOOL): Each edition of each work gets a unique ID Hash of work ascribe address Edition 1/3 addr Edition 2/3 addr Edition 3/3 addr BTC change OP_RETURN “register” Bitcoin address of original owner = Piece ID
- 48. Bitcoin overlay (SPOOL) Register tx binds work hash to piece IDs Hash of work ascribe address Edition 1/3 addr Edition 2/3 addr Edition 3/3 addr BTC change OP_RETURN “register” Piece’s digital fingerprint is permanently bound to piece ID
- 49. Interface 2/4 on the ascribe stack For pythonistas! PySPOOL (ownership) transactions (ez btc txs) github.com/ascribe
- 56. REST API Interface 3/4 on the ascribe stack For marketplaces of digital goods (art, photography, 3d, ..) to answer “where’s my stuff” for their users, and themselves
- 57. WEB APP Interface 4/4 on the ascribe stack For individual creators (artists, graphic designers, photographers, writers, ..) who want to register, consign, and archive their work directly. And for individual galleries. And for collectors.
- 58. How ascribe tech helps ownership • Creators – Can claim & protect ownership. Can share without losing control. Cryptographic Certificate of Authenticity (CCOA). • Collectors / audience – digital provenance enables secondary markets. • Connectors – mitigate friction on legal side • For digital art, 3d, photography, ..
- 59. Demo
- 60. Trent’s (obviously great) work of art #2
- 61. Landing page
- 62. Signup
- 66. Piece detail
- 69. Interesting aside: While this app uses bitcoin, you don’t have to know bitcoin at all. Though if you do, you can cross-check…
- 72. ascribe status
- 73. ascribed digital art at world- class gallery (bitforms NYC) Jonathan Monaghan Escape Pod 2015, 3 editions ID: 1P1EumqcJoxMMGf79WwdkFn7uCRBeNaCR8 http://ascri.be/1KfMJt0
- 74. Berlin Art Prize tech platform: 349 artists ascribed 598 works http://ascri.be/1E3eUck
- 75. 152-year old art museum MAK Vienna bought ascribed digital art to its collection http://ascri.be/1datNRs
- 76. Online art gallery Cointemporary sells ascribed digital art, for bitcoins http://ascri.be/1EgF3Ws
- 77. We’ve even bought ascribed work to use on our landing page. #eatingowndogfood http://ascri.be/1DE6uVu
- 79. Creative Commons FR With CC licenses of course!
- 80. Other ascribe users Digital artists Photographers 3d design marketplaces Other creatives Art marketplaces Photography marketplaces
- 81. tech status • Webapp – alpha – Mar 2014 • Webapp – beta – Sep 2014 • Tracking/ML 20M images – Dec 2014 • REST API – alpha – Feb 2015 • Webapp – v1 – Mar 2015 • REST API + tracking/ML Internet scale – beta – Apr 2015 • Open-source PySPOOL & transactions – June 2015 • REST API + tracking/ML – v1 – June 2015 • Webapp + tracking/ML – v1 – June 2015
- 82. Conclusion 1/2 • Ownership of digital property (especially Internet) is a mess • Despite being anticipated since the 60s • And designed for • But simplicity of www won out • Leaving “where’s my stuff?” unsolved • .. Until ascribe
- 83. original 1. Auto-discover bi-directional links 2. Easy, secure legals auto auto auto auto Where’s my stuff? Auto bi-dir. links via Internet-scale machine learning Easy, secure legals via TOS & bitcoin blockchain Conclusion 2/2: By answering this… … we’re building the ownership layer of the internet.