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Dystrophie musculaire liée au ch X
DmD Duchenne

BmD Becker

Dystrophie musculaire autosomique
Récéssive
Duchennelike
De l’ile de réunions
de l’adulte

Ch : Xp21

Ch :Xp21

Ch : 17q12
alpha/5q12beta/
13q12gama(70%)/4q12seg
ma/6q12segma prime

15q12

4q35

Absence Dystrophine

Baisse de Dystrophine

DAG proteinessarcoglycane

Protéine inconnue

-Début avant 3ans
-Perte d’autonomie de la marche avant
13ans.
-grabataire 18ans
-Mort avant 20ans
*Détérioration musculaire ,faiblesse
musculaire ;progressive et symétrique des
muscles proximaux +hypertrophie des
mollets
*Signe de Gowers
*Troubles à la marche .sauter .courir.
*Devient dandinante ;marche sur pointe
des pieds
*Perte d’autonomie de la marche
*Scoliose .cyphose dorsale .hyperlordose
lombaire
*Retard mental 1/3

-début tardif
-evolution lente
-décés après 20ans

-Debut 5 à 12ans
-Arret de la marche 15à25
-Décés après 50ans.

Absence d’enzyme
Calpaine 3
Adolescent ou
adulte jeune

*Atteinte des muscles proximaux
amyotrophiques→ceinture
pelvienne et scapulaire

*Atteinte des ceintures
Scapula alata
*Signe de Gowers
*Hypertrophie des mollets
*Hyper lordose lombaire

Pneumopathie et cardiopathie

Cardiopathie

Atteinte cardiaque rare

*Augmentation CK
*Biopsie atrophie ,nécrose
*Immunocytochimie dgc de certitude:pas
de fixation
*Anapath :régénérescence f hyaline
prolifération adipeuse conjonctive

*Biopsie ;hypertrophie par
proléfération de tissu adipeux et
conjonctif.

*detection des Ac permet
de preciser le type.
*Biopsie :tissu musculaire
remplacé par t.adipeux puis
fibreux.

/

/
*Defaut de
protease du
cytoplasme du
myocyte

Dominante
De landouzy et djerine

Décés 50à60ans

*Atteinte de la face :
« faciès inexpressive »atteinte de
peaucier de
la face+muscles de la
mimique ;joue aplatie
,sourire asymétrique ,éversion des lèvres
disparition des rides,déficit de siffler souffler,yeux
entrouverts lors de sommeil par atteinte des
orbiculaires
*Atteinte des ceintures :scapulaalata par atteinte
des fixateurs de l’épaule, épaule tombante.
*Atteinte des membres :« avant bras de
popeye »biceps atrophiés .
*Atteintedescendante :para vertébraux
,crvicaux,dorsaux,lombaires et fessiers atrophiés
Pas d’atteinte respiratoire ni cardiaque.
*Biologie :Augmentationck
*Emg :tracémyogéne .
*Biopsie :processus dystrophique

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Dysrophies musculaires progressives ( tableau )

  • 1. Dystrophie musculaire liée au ch X DmD Duchenne BmD Becker Dystrophie musculaire autosomique Récéssive Duchennelike De l’ile de réunions de l’adulte Ch : Xp21 Ch :Xp21 Ch : 17q12 alpha/5q12beta/ 13q12gama(70%)/4q12seg ma/6q12segma prime 15q12 4q35 Absence Dystrophine Baisse de Dystrophine DAG proteinessarcoglycane Protéine inconnue -Début avant 3ans -Perte d’autonomie de la marche avant 13ans. -grabataire 18ans -Mort avant 20ans *Détérioration musculaire ,faiblesse musculaire ;progressive et symétrique des muscles proximaux +hypertrophie des mollets *Signe de Gowers *Troubles à la marche .sauter .courir. *Devient dandinante ;marche sur pointe des pieds *Perte d’autonomie de la marche *Scoliose .cyphose dorsale .hyperlordose lombaire *Retard mental 1/3 -début tardif -evolution lente -décés après 20ans -Debut 5 à 12ans -Arret de la marche 15à25 -Décés après 50ans. Absence d’enzyme Calpaine 3 Adolescent ou adulte jeune *Atteinte des muscles proximaux amyotrophiques→ceinture pelvienne et scapulaire *Atteinte des ceintures Scapula alata *Signe de Gowers *Hypertrophie des mollets *Hyper lordose lombaire Pneumopathie et cardiopathie Cardiopathie Atteinte cardiaque rare *Augmentation CK *Biopsie atrophie ,nécrose *Immunocytochimie dgc de certitude:pas de fixation *Anapath :régénérescence f hyaline prolifération adipeuse conjonctive *Biopsie ;hypertrophie par proléfération de tissu adipeux et conjonctif. *detection des Ac permet de preciser le type. *Biopsie :tissu musculaire remplacé par t.adipeux puis fibreux. / / *Defaut de protease du cytoplasme du myocyte Dominante De landouzy et djerine Décés 50à60ans *Atteinte de la face : « faciès inexpressive »atteinte de peaucier de la face+muscles de la mimique ;joue aplatie ,sourire asymétrique ,éversion des lèvres disparition des rides,déficit de siffler souffler,yeux entrouverts lors de sommeil par atteinte des orbiculaires *Atteinte des ceintures :scapulaalata par atteinte des fixateurs de l’épaule, épaule tombante. *Atteinte des membres :« avant bras de popeye »biceps atrophiés . *Atteintedescendante :para vertébraux ,crvicaux,dorsaux,lombaires et fessiers atrophiés Pas d’atteinte respiratoire ni cardiaque. *Biologie :Augmentationck *Emg :tracémyogéne . *Biopsie :processus dystrophique