Ipso facto drones an invaluable project management tool
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Presentation by Tim Whitaker- 18 June 2019- APM Wessex branch
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Ipso facto drones an invaluable project management tool
- 1. Drones – An invaluable Project Management tool but also a Risk Tim Whitaker
- 2. Topics CURRENT TECHNOLOGY AND CAPABILITY LEGISLATION AND FACTS DRONE OPERATOR QUALIFICATION PFCO THE BENEFITS OF DRONE TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERED THREATS
- 5. Examples
- 6. 250g to 20kg
- 7. Agriculture Transportation Surveying Insurance Construction Security Inspection Search and Rescue Monitoring Film and TV Hobby
- 8. Artificial Intelligence for Drone Analytics With machine learning and AI, drones are being taught to detect patterns and objects, make accurate measurements, and transform large data sets into digestible reports. This will offer a significant opportunity when it comes to real-time decision-making from live drone data.
- 9. Save time, drive Productivity with faster data collection Drones are quickly replacing traditional forms of data collection ranging from satellite and manned aircraft imagery, to manual inspection and measurements. Drones speed up the process and can cut anywhere from days to weeks off a project timeline.
- 10. Improve site safety and manage Risk Safety is a critical element of all projects. Especially in industries such as construction, roofing, and mining. Gathering detailed data and inspecting job sites using drones can significantly improve overall safety. Drones minimize time spent inspecting dangerous areas, eliminating the need to put people at risk. Aerial maps can also identify potential safety concerns.
- 11. 3D Through- wall imaging using Wi-Fi and Drones Autonomous Drones create a 3D Map inside a closed structure
- 13. It’s all change
- 14. Diploma in the Remote Piloting of unmanned aircraft for Commercial Operations
- 16. Drone UAQ 2 days Theory + 2 exams 1 Flight Assessment 2 days Ops Manual
- 17. Theory • Airspace, charts and navigation • Flight planning, hazard analysis and risk mitigation
- 18. The Benefits of drone technology for project managers
- 19. Examples • Construction and Infrastructure projects • Photography, Cinematography • Mapping and Modelling • Surveying and Inspecting • Search and Rescue • Agriculture • Security • etc
- 20. Construction and Infrastructure Projects • Capture HD images for 3D Maps • Create 3D Models and Progress Photo reports • Analyze and Export data • Collaborate with your team
- 21. Benefits to the Project • Significant Cost and Time saving opportunities • Simple to set up and prepare for work • Direct impact on Quality and Reporting via HD imagery • Repeatable using a pre programmed path • Expendable in a high risk environment
- 22. Choosing the right Drone Multi-Rotor Greater Manoeuvrability Lower price More compact Easier to use Higher payload capacity Shorter range Less stable in the wind Fixed Wing Significant range Greater stability Safer recovery from power loss Linear flight advantage Larger landing/take off Higher price Challenging to fly Much larger Less efficient for area mapping
- 23. Advantages • Saves lives • Support law enforcement • Contribute to maintenance • Cheap to set up and operate • Greater precision than humans • Easily deployed • Low risk • Easy to learn • Used by criminals • Limited capabilities • Limited flight times • Limited flight range • Small size limits capabilities • Strict rules and regulations • Easily damaged • Noisy Disadvantages
- 25. The growth of the drone market has resulted in criminals increasingly using low cost Drones, to threaten Critical National Infrastructure, prisons, airports and other sensitive sites where traditional security measures are easily defeated.
- 26. Unique Drone Threat Readily available Relatively low cost Increasingly sophisticated A regulation and legal system is playing catch up
- 27. Threat Type • Sabotage of key Installations / Operations: (Drop, place or interfere) • Espionage: Information gathering (Corporate / Governmental spying) • Data Capture (Theft of digital electronic system data and imagery) • Data Retention (Retention of captured data from 3rd party operator)
- 28. Types of Counter-UAS (Detection) • RF Direction Finding system (Max distance 3km) • Radar detection system (Max distance 3km) • Optical surveillance system (Max distance 1.2km) • Visible light monitoring • Infrared thermal sensor • Infrared laser monitoring
- 29. Types of Counter-UAS (Neutralisation) Jamming Blocking Decoying Lasering
- 30. Auto Anti Drone System There are systems that can force UAVs to land or return by searching, detecting, finding and identifying UAVs by direction finding and positioning with its radio direction finding and radar detection subsystem, confirming, positioning, locking and tracking the target with its optical detection and tracking subsystem, and jamming, blocking and decoying UAVs by interfering their control and navigation signals with its radio interference subsystem.
- 31. Counter-UAS USA – To operate C-UAS technology to protect critical infrastructure and high value targets many of the C-UAS technologies cannot be deployed without significant changes to current laws and regulations.
- 32. Actions Consider the many threats of drone technology. Explore the many benefits of drone technology.
- 33. Q and A • Current Technology and Capability • Legislation and facts • Drone operator qualification PfCO • The benefits of drone technology for Project Managers • Considered Threats
- 34. 25% Discount APM members mail@ipsofacto.uk.com Tel: 01489 588453 www.ipsofacto.uk.com
- 35. More information • www.ipsofacto.uk.com/blog • LinkedIn Group: Drones for Project Managers https://www.linkedin.com/groups/12229080/ • Drone: UAQ Certificate Remote Drone Pilot • Drone: UAQ Diploma Remote Drone Pilot Tel: 01489 588453
Editor's Notes
- Not military drones
- [top left] Parrot PF750001 Disco Fixed Wing Drone with Sky controller 2 and FPV Cockpit Price:£680.48 Fixed wing drone, Immersive Flights with included FPV Glasses Intuitive & Safe piloting, great flight performance (45min, 50mph Assisted flight modes or full manual for expert pilots. With the compact and Wi-Fi remote controller, Sky controller 2 fly up to 2K away. [top second] Advanced Aerial Survey Drone & Data Analysis Fly further, carry more sensors, achieve larger surveys under the toughest conditions. The rugged SURVEYOR PRO is a 5kg, 2m wingspan fixed wing survey drone well suited for regular fliers operating in a commercial team. The SURVEYOR PRO package is aimed at surveyors who need accurate, consistent and reliable data, along with the equipment, software and training necessary to perform a high-quality survey job time and time again with their survey drone. [top third] DJI Mavic 2 Pro Drone | £1,349.00 Hasselblad Camera | 1-inch CMOS Sensor | 31 Minute flight time | 3-axis gimbal | 10-bit HDR video [bottom left] DJI Inspire 2 Drone for use Cinematic Price:£4,853.46 A new record set by 5.2 K dji image processing with the system with the Suites Cinema DNG RAW, Apple ProRes Temperature up to -4 °F (-20 °C) with intelligent battery auto-riscaldamento divolo hovering & positioning New and powerful flight with a propulsion system optimized for performance power reach a new level of excellence The intelligent flight control system controls system redundancy and give him the parameters and precise flight data DJI Inspire 2 included licences Cinema DNG and Apple ProRes [top right] dji Spark £449 Spark is a mini drone that features all of DJI's signature technologies, allowing you to seize the moment whenever you feel inspired. Flight Time 16 MIN[4] Transmission Distance 1.2 MI(2 KM)[3] Speed 50 KM/H[2] VPS range 30 M Gimbal 2-Axis Effective Pixels 12 MP
- Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara have developed a system that allows drones to map the interior of a closed structure. In essence, the team has created a way for drones to see through walls! Drones utilize Wi-Fi to ‘see’ The system works as one drone fires Wi-Fi through the targeted structure and the another picks up the signal. Then, working together, the two drones fly around the structure mapping the wave strength in different areas. The drones can then create a 3D map of what is inside the closed structure. As the Wi-Fi waves penetrate outside of the structure they also pass through whatever is on the inside. The strength of the waves depends on what obstacles they encounter, giving the drones enough information to start mapping. The autonomous drones produce high-definition 3D maps of the interior. https://interestingengineering.com/drones-scan-inside-buildings-3d-wi-fi-signals The system uses materials that are available off the shelf including a Google Tango tablet and a Wi-Fi router as well as a Raspberry Pi and a Wi-Fi card for the receiver.
- Discover New Insights with Drone Data Automate flight and image capture to create interactive maps, 3D models, and Progress Photo Reports Explore your site or field in real-time with Live Map Measure your data in minutes with built-in analysis tools Export the data you need, in the format you want Collaborate with your team through shared maps, annotations and comments Integrate into your existing workflows with the industry's largest App Market Start with Drone Deploy
- Multi-Rotor Aircraft Multi-rotor aircraft are the most commonly used drone models for making maps and models on the Drone Deploy platform. They are made of a central body and multiple rotors that power propellers to take flight and manoeuvre the aircraft. These usually have four rotors (quadcopter), but can have as many six or eight (hexacopter and octocopter). Once in the air, multi-rotor drones use fixed-pitch propeller blades to control the vehicle motion by varying the relative speed of each rotor to change the thrust and torque produced, allowing a unique range of movement. This presents some advantages when used for commercial mapping. GREATER MANEUVERABILITY Unlike fixed wings, multi-rotor aircraft can perform vertical takeoffs and landings. This means that they require less space to take flight, can hover mid-flight, and manoeuvre above and around objects for easy inspection, mapping, and modelling. This also makes them ideal for area mapping due to the number of flight legs often required to get sufficient overlap to make a quality map. LOWER PRICE In the current market, multi-rotor vehicles come with a lower price tag than their fixed wing counterparts. There is of course a wide price range, but you can purchase a professional quadcopter for as low as $1,500, whereas a professional fixed wing drone of similar quality can easily be 5-7x as much. MORE COMPACT Multi-rotor vehicles don’t require the surface area or wingspan that fixed wing aircraft do because they use propellers to manoeuvre. They are easier to break down, fold up, and pack away into smaller cases—making them convenient to transport. Even the larger hexacopters and octocopters fold down to a portable size. EASE-OF-USE Multi-rotor aircraft are easier to fly for both humans and autopilots. Quick to manoeuvre, and capable of making movements in any direction, copters have a shorter learning curve for beginners taking flight for the first time. DroneDeploy’s 2017 Drone Buyer’s Guide 11 HIGHER PAYLOAD CAPACITY Multi-rotor vehicles generally support more weight due to their design. However, this means that you will need a larger, more expensive drone if you intend to carry significant payloads such as large DSLR or other camera rigs. SHORTER RANGE One limitation of multi-rotor craft is the flight range on a single battery. Most multi-rotor drones can fly for about 30 minutes in ideal conditions before returning home for battery replacement. You can offset this downside by purchasing additional batteries. SHORTER RANGE One limitation of multi-rotor craft is the flight range on a single battery. Most multi-rotor drones can fly for about 30 minutes in ideal conditions before returning home for battery replacement. You can offset this downside by purchasing additional batteries. LESS STABLE IN THE WIND The aerodynamics of multi-rotor aircraft leaves them more vulnerable to wind. This means that for use cases where high winds are expected, you may have to purchase a heavier, more stable and more expensive multi-rotor vehicle. Fixed Wing Aircraft Fixed wing drones are designed like more traditional types of aircraft—which look like an airplane. They are made of a central body that has two wings and a single propeller. Once in the air, the two wings generate lift that compensates for its weight — allowing the aircraft to remain in flight. While this type of aircraft is less common in drone mapping outside of the agriculture, oil, and gas industires, they present some advantages. SIGNIFICANT RANGE Fixed wing aircraft can fly for a longer period of time on a single battery cycle than a multi-rotor. This makes them ideal for mapping very large or linear areas because they do not have to fly home for a battery replacement as often during a single mission. Though, as technology improves the gap is closing. GREATER STABILITY The airframe design of fixed wing aircraft give them greater stability in high winds over multi-rotor aircraft. This is important for flying in environments where higher winds are expected or frequent. SAFER RECOVERY FROM MOTOR POWER LOSS If the aircraft loses power for any reason, in theory it is able to glide down to safety — giving the aircraft a better chance of surviving a fall. LINEAR FLIGHT ADVANTAGE Fixed wing aircraft are ideal for long-distance flights, such as pipeline inspections. However, this capability is currently limited to line-of-sight (LOS) regulatory requirements in the US and other countries where LOS regulations have been put into place. DroneDeploy’s 2017 Drone Buyer’s Guide 12 Manoeuvrability Price Size / Portability Ease-of-use Range Stability Payload Capacity Safer Recovery from Motor Power Loss Take off / Landing Area Required Efficiency for Area Mapping Summary Comparison LARGER LANDING/TAKEOFF ZONE REQUIRED Fixed wing aircraft require a larger take off and landing zone for flight, which can make them ill-suited for some use cases. This can also lead to more time required for setup and take off. HIGHER PRICE In the current state of the market, fixed wing aircraft tend to cost more than their multirotor counterparts. While this could change in the future, it can impact overall ROI. CHALLENGING TO FLY Fixed wing aircraft are harder to fly, both for humans and for autopilots, especially in an evolving sense-and-avoid landscape. LESS COMPACT The range advantage of fixed wing aircraft comes directly from a larger lifting surface, meaning they are harder to pack away, and often require assembly. LESS EFFICIENT FOR AREA MAPPING Fixed wing aircraft are not as well suited for area mapping. This is because many turns are needed to fly a grid pattern and get sufficient overlap of a target area. This sort of manoeuvring is better suited for multi-rotor drones.
- ADVANTAGES of drones Saving lives: Drones can be used to save lives in cases where there is a natural disaster such as floods and search and rescue operations are necessary a la Mozambique. Support law enforcement: Drones can be used by law enforcement to maintain law and order by using them for surveillance / crowd control / ‘eyes on’ armed suspects etc Contribute to maintenance: Drones have been used by contractors to access places where humans may not access such as Chernobyl. Streamline agriculture management: Drones have been used by experts in the agricultural sector for purposes of monitoring crop growth and management in vast land areas. They are cheap: Drones are cheaper to obtain when compared to the military drones. This is because they are made of cheaper materials and have less advanced features. They allow for precision: Drones are computer operated which means they are more precise and allow for better targeting and precision than humans. They are easily deployable: Easy to deploy because they are light weight and small in size. They are low risk: Drones pose a much lower risk to the population and to the environment because they can fly lower than planes. They can work long hours: Drones are machines that can be operated for as long as they are powered and this means that they can work for extremely long hours without fatigue. They are more accurate: Drones are more accurate when it comes to targeting and they are also unmanned. Easy to learn and pilot: Drones do not require complex understanding of the machines to pilot them. They are easy to learn and have easier interfaces for piloting. They can fly in controlled environments: Civilian drones are smaller in size and do not require complex operational modes. They can therefore be flown in smaller controlled environments. Delivery of defibrillators: Quickly transport defibrillators to remote areas and provide audio support on arrival. Delivery of human organs: Quickly transport human material between hospitals to help save lives. DISADVANTAGES of drones Not great at saving life: Most drones commercially available at this time are small and have limited use in the rescue environment. Can be used by criminals: Have been used to scope out potential targets. Some are costly: Some civilian drones are more costly although they do not come with highly advance features – Skyranger £50,000+, DT26 £200,000. They have limited features and capabilities: Civilian drones were not designed with advanced features like military drones hence have very limited capabilities. They a small in size: Civilian drones are usually small in size hence can handle only limited tasks. They have limited flight times: Civilian drones are designed with limited battery powers because they do not need extremely powerful batteries. They have limited flight range: The flight range for civilian drones is capped and limited because of fear of interference with other manned aircrafts. They are controlled by strict rules and regulations: Civilian drones have strict operational guidelines which govern their use and this may limit their operations in the air. Some are noisy hence causing interference: Some bigger civilian drones are very noisy which may cause discomfort in the environment. They are made of substandard materials that can easily break: Civilian drones are cheaper because they are made of cheap materials that can easily break in case of an accident. They may be a threat to the population: Civilian drones fly lower than military drones meaning they pose a greater risk to the population as opposed to high flying drones. Some require special skill and experience to fly: Civilian drones that are bigger and used for special purposes may require the pilot to have special flying skills in order to fly them. They cannot be used for special operations: Civilian drones are meant for use by civilians in local operations and cannot be used for special military operations such as combat. They have less advanced cameras: Some civilian drones come with attached cameras but these cameras have limited powers and capabilities. Expensive systems are required to counter drones: Geo Fencing and Jamming are two existing methods used to counter drones. Installations include: Airports, Prisons, Sensitive Government locations to name a few.
- Reconnaissance and Surveillance: an operator is looking for information to monitor the use of a property Electronic Attack: A Black Hat security conference saw a drone hack into WiFi and steal the data on those networks, which is known as a “Karma Attack.” This will become more common amongst high rise office buildings Data Capture (Theft of digital electronic system data and imagery) Kinetic Attack: Guns, flamethrowers and bombs have been attached to drones and have been used in the USA, Iraq and Ukraine. WMD Attack. An operator could easily configure a crop spraying drone to deliver a biological agent over a crowd of people in a stadium causing multiple casualties and £millions in loss and damage.
- Drone Zoro - RF Direction Finding System RF Direction Finding System DZDF-3A4D is the DF drone detection system, which can detect the incursion of hostile drones by real-time direction finding of the RF emissions of the drone and its operator. The system is based on direction finding antenna, real-time Spectrum Analyzer and special software built-in. All parts work together to provide gap-less data-streaming, for 24/7 monitoring and recording of the RF spectrum. Features Detecting any kinds of commercial drone Tracking and finding the operator who controls the drone Multiple targets detecting at the same time Working in all day and all- weather 24/7 monitoring and recording without any gaps 360° coverage EO Surveillance System Model: DZ-OF1 VISIBLE LIGHT MONITORING SZMID unmanned aerial vehicle optical detection and tracking system, includes visible light monitoring (color, black and white), infrared thermal sensor and infrared laser monitoring technology and equipment, Visible light monitoring is used for the detection, validation and tracking of targets during daytime or nighttime glare conditions, infrared laser can be used when the target active infrared fill light, thereby enhancing the target monitoring resolution. Infrared thermal induction can be applied to completely no light or low light conditions to detect the infrared emitted to target and identify the UAV target. Parameter Index NameEO tracking system DZ-OF1SystemUncooled medium wave infrared focal plane camera + high definition visible light camera double lightResolutionInfrared camera 640*512 @50HzVisible light camera1920*1080 @60HzTarget maximum recognition and tracking distanceGreater than 1.2km Search tracking rangeAzimuth: 0°～360°Pitch angle: -10°～60°Tracking accuracy (servo system)Better than 0.1°Maximum tracking angle (servo system)Greater than 60°/ s
- Automatic Anti-Drone System can force UAVs to land or return by searching, detecting, finding and identifying UAVs by direction finding and positioning with its radio direction finding subsystem and radar detection subsystem, confirming, positioning, locking and tracking the target with its optical detection and tracking subsystem, and jamming, blocking and decoying UAVs by interfering their control and navigation signals with its radio interference subsystem.
- Increasingly, however, drones are being used in uglier, more threatening ways: either to invade privacy by watching or listening in on individuals – ranging from politicians and VVIPs to well-known actors on film or tv sets - or to deliver threatening payloads, as happened in Iraq, Syria and most recently, if media reports are to be believed, in Venezuela where an attempt was made on the life of President Nicolas Maduro. Use of UAVs for surveillance and threatening behaviour by adversaries is unfortunately becoming ever more common. The challenge for Governments and organisations involved in the protection of critical national infrastructure and public safety during major events, is how to counter this low cost technology which is evolving and adapting rapidly. How can drones be detected and tracked? Drones are challenging targets to detect because they are small, can fly slowly and hover, are agile and low flying, and can easily be confused with other targets such as birds or people walking on the ground, or can be fleeting to keep track of, flying between buildings or trees. Of critical importance in any solution is reliably identifying and recognising a drone target. To detect them, many companies use radio frequency (RF) sensing and direction finding (DF) devices. These alone are far from reliable given how busy the modern wireless signals environment is and because drones can be autonomously flown between GPS way points or without GPS. Drone communications will also be increasingly difficult to detect in the future as they use more complex signals. Similarly, acoustic and imagery sensors are not sufficiently capable to act as a primary drone sensor. We have therefore concentrated on 3D radar as a primary sensor – drones can do little to hide their physical presence, which makes radar the most reliable sensing technology. At what range can drones be detected? It’s important to differentiate between large ‘military’ fixed wing platforms, which can have a range of 15-20km, and are most suitably detected by conventional air traffic control radar, tracking systems or very large distributed sensors, and small ‘civilian’ drones, which can be bought on the internet or the high street. These are likely to be flown at a range of 1-2km away from a target, as in the recent BBC News reports highlighting cases of drones delivering contraband into prisons. However, it’s not all about range. Our customers tell us that drones are taking off a few kilometres away and are flying at height in an attempt to avoid detection systems. What this all means is that we have to take a 3D approach to drone detection – looking in all directions not just sideways. While it’s informative to know what’s flying at range, it’s most critical that around the high value asset which you are trying to protect, whether that is people, buildings or critical national infrastructure you define a 3D space – think of it as an invisible ‘dome’ - within which you intend to act, and ensure that your detection and defeat performance in this area is robust. This ‘dome’ is of the order of 1-2km, outside of which alarms are more likely to cause nuisance than to be of significant operational value. Again, 3D radar performs this task well, and has been shown to provide the necessary performance and reliability of both detection and drone classification. Once detected, what do customers want to know about the drones? The counter-drone market is extremely diverse. Many of our customers simply want to know that a drone is present so that they can act: for example moving the high value asset or individual. At the other extreme, some customers want to know what type of drone is being flown, where the pilot is situated, and whether the drone has a dangerous payload. If you’re able to track drones accurately, as with radar detection systems, the track points to where the drone took off from, and where it landed, so you’re able to see where the pilot is operating from. Camera systems may also augment the radar detection system, and, depending on range, show whether the drone is carrying a payload. Flight characteristics may also show how heavily a drone is laden, through the loading of the motors. Our Obsidian Counter-UAV system uses a combination of our 3D radar, and commercially available camera systems to provide robust 3D detection and secondary ID through imagery and video analysis. Our open architecture also means we can rapidly and cost-effectively integrate additional third party sensors as necessary. How can drones be countered? At present there are significant regulatory issues surrounding drone defeat, and Governments are grappling with how to legislate around defeat systems which could harm people nearby or cause collateral damage to surrounding buildings. There is encouraging progress on this in the UK. Legislative issues aside however, defeat options broadly fall into two categories: Radio Frequency effects These range from simple ‘barrage jamming’ - transmitting noise on frequencies that drones use for communications and video transmission to generate RF interference, through ‘RF spoofing’ – mimicking the drone control signals to ‘take over’ the drone and re-direct it, to ‘High Power RF’ techniques, which can disrupt the electronic circuits within the drone and cause a range of effects, from deterrent to disruption to denial to hard stop. We have specific capability in this area and has proven the ability to induce a range of responses in drones: from disrupting the camera of a hobbyist to deter them, to disabling the drone propeller motor controllers to bring it rapidly to ground - as may be necessary to protect high value assets or VIPs. Kinetic effects Typical kinetic effects range from ‘nets’ – either manually fired at a drone or mounted on turrets surrounding a high value asset and utilising parachutes to bring the drone to the ground safely, through ‘darts’ – lightweight projectiles which disable the drone, to good old fashioned ‘rifle rounds’, which have been used by the military in more remote locations but are hardly suitable for used in crowded urban areas! QinetiQ’s solution: Obsidian Counter-UAV System Ultimately, the only viable approach to countering drones is a layered approach, taking different defeat technologies and rapidly integrating them into a solution which meets both specific customer requirements and legal constraints. The primary sensor is again of critical importance, as accurate and timely drone location updates are essential to reliable drone defeat. We have developed our Obsidian Counter-UAV System with the above in mind. Obsidian is designed around a purpose-built 3D staring radar which calculates reliable and rapid drone position updates. From these updates, which are provided many times a second, we are able automatically and accurately to set-on cameras and defeat options as appropriate. As well as developing our own high power RF defeat capabilities which will come to market in the next 12-18 months, we are working with a number of suppliers of RF and Kinetic drone defeat systems which may be offered immediately. All this presents an exciting and dynamic engineering challenge for our teams, and encompasses a wide range of technical and systems engineering disciplines from the physics of flight, electronic systems design, RF transmission and reception and imagery analysis. The breadth of our legacy of world-class R&D positions us well to provide robust and capable systems to our global customers.