1. Swapnal Agarwal
Vipul Kishor Bhatt

2. 1. Introduction
2. Platform
3. Software development
4. Dalvik VM
5. Components & API
6. Building Blocks
7. Layouts

3. Introduction
What is Android?
• A software platform and operating system for mobile
devices
• Based on the Linux kernel
• Developed by Google and later the Open Handset
Alliance (OHA)
• Allows writing managed code in the Java language
• Android platform was announced on 5th November 2007
with the founding of OHA

4. Android
An Open Handset Alliance Project
What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?
• OHA is an alliance of nearly 50 organizations devoted to
advancing open standards for mobile devices
• Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of
developing and distributing mobile devices and services
What’s the Target?
• Write apps to run on mobile phones
• Will be released as open source
 http://code.google.com/android

5. Platform
Operating System(s)
• Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management,
process management, and networking.
• The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are
all written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through
Java interfaces. In this layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D
and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database (SQLite), and
a native web browser engine (WebKit).
Call through Java
Call through Java
Interface
Interface
C/C++
Native Libraries
Surface Manager
Surface Manager
SQLite
SQLite
Media Codecs
Media Codecs
Webkit
Webkit

6. Platform
• Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik runs .dex files,
which are converted at compile time from
layout
layout
.xml
.xml
R.java
R.java standard class and jar files.
*.class
*.class *dex.
*dex.
• The Dalvik runtime is highly optimized:
*.java
*.java  Run multiple VMs efficiently
 Each app has its own VM
 Minimal memory footprint
android-
android-
manifest.xml
manifest.xml
application.
apk file • Android applications are compiled to Dalvik
bytecode.

7. Software Development
IDE and Tools
Android SDK
• Class Library
• Developer Tools
 dx – Dalvik Cross-Assembler
 aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool
 adb – Android Debug Bridge
 ddms – Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
• Emulator and System Images
• Documentation and Sample Code
Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)
• Reduces Development and Testing Time
• Makes User Interface-Creation easier
• Makes Application Description Easier

8. Components

9. Android APIs
Android-specific packages are easy to identify because they start with android in
the package name. Some of the more important packages are:
android.app—Android application model access
android.bluetooth—Android’s Bluetooth functionality
android.content—Accessing and publishing data in Android
android.net—Contains the Uri class, used for accessing content
android.gesture—Create, recognize, load, and save gestures
android.graphics—Graphics primitives
android.location—Location-based services (such as GPS)
android.opengl—OpenGL classes
android.os—System-level access to the Android environment
android.provider—ContentProvider-related classes
android.telephony—Telephony capability access, including support for both Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) devices
android.text—Text layout
android.util—Collection of utilities for logging and text manipulation, including XML
android.view—UI elements
android.webkit—Browser functionality
android.widget—More UI elements

10. Android APIs
Java packages included in the Android SDK:
java.lang—Core Java language classes
java.io—Input/output capabilities
java.net—Network connections
java.text—Text-handling utilities
java.math—Math and number-manipulation classes
javax.net—Network classes
javax.security—Security-related classes
javax.xml—DOM-based XML classes
org.apache.*—HTTP-related classes
org.xml—SAX-based XML classes

11. Android Building Blocks
Android Manifest.xml
Activities
Views
Intents
Services
Notifications
Content Provider

12. Android Building Blocks
Activity:
It represents a visible Services
application component
within Android
Intents:
An Intent in Android Notification
describes what you want
to do.
Content Provider: Views:
It helps data sharing between UI elements
different Android Applications
or between different Activities.

13. Layouts
• Different Layouts :-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
 Linear Layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/job_search_layout"
 Relative Layout android:layout_width="fill_parent"
 Table Layout android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 Frame Layout <ListView android:layout_width="wrap_content“
 Absolute Layout android:layout_width="wrap_content"
(Deprecated) android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<ImageView android:id="@+id/geo_location“
android:src="@drawable/geo_location"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/location_selection_layout“
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/recent_search_header_count”>
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

14. Activity Life Cycle

15. Thanks