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Final introduction to political science presentation
1. How different is the role of religion in
Malaysia and Thailand’s political scene?
Our names
Josephine Wang
Isabelle Quek
Desiree Lim
1
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
2. Presentation Outline
1
2
3
4
BACKGROUND OF BUDDHISM IN
THAILAND, ISLAM IN MALAYSIA
RELIGIOUS ROLE IN
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
DOMESTIC POLICY’S ROLE IN
RELIGION CLASH
CONCLUSION
2
STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY
5Wednesday, April 3, 2013
3. Islam in Malaysia
61.4%: Muslims Sunni Islam
1. BACKGROUND
1. Belief
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
2. Worship
3. Charitable giving
5PillarsofIslam
3
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
4. Buddhism in Thailand
95%: Buddhists
Karma
Noble Eightfold Path
Rebirth
Concepts
Nirvana Mediation
Influences
Theravada School of
Buddhism - Sri Lanka
Hindu beliefs - Cambodia
(Sukhothai period)
Folk religion
4
1. BACKGROUND
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
5. Structural similarities
5
2. STRUCTURAL
Malaysia Thailand
Official: Islam Buddhism
State religion
Constitutional
monarchy
Sultanate
Recognized as
religion of Thai
tradition with most
adherents
Kingship
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
7. Religion & Monarchy
Malaysia
Requirement: Monarch must be
religious i.e. Must be Muslim /
Buddhist
Thailand
Similarities
7
3. MONARCHY
Ceremonial religious role
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
8. Similarities in Thailand
& Malaysia Monarchy
Malaysia Thailand
Succession
8
Yang di-Pertuan
Agong
Bhumibol
Adulyadej
Monarchy
Constitutional
role
Head of
Malaysia
Head of
Thailand
3. MONARCHY
Hereditary,
elective
Hereditary
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
9. Kingship:
Accumulation of
abundance of merit in
former lives (Notion of
reincarnation)
Religious role of Monarchy
Malaysia
Islam Buddhism
Thailand
Patron/ Head
of religion
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Other religions
Religion
supporting
legitimacy/
concept of
Kingship
Proof-texts for
concepts of
malakiyya-
“Monarchy, kingship,
royalty”
3. MONARCHY
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
10. Religion influences constitutional
monarchy in Thailand and Malaysia
10
Role of religion Constitutional
monarchy
As a legitimizing
agent
As a qualifier for
monarchy
Monarch doubles
as head of religion
& state
3. MONARCHY
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
11. Malaysia
Discriminatory
Policy / Event
Bumiputra
Coerced registration
of muslim religious
Thailand
4. DOMESTIC POLICY11
National education
policy
Effect of
Policy
“Sons of the Soil”
Special rights for
Malays
Ethnic discriminatory policy
Puttani separatism
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
12. 12
Malaysia
Bumiputra
Effect of Policy
Thailand
Puttani separatism
Discriminatory
Policy
Fall in Indian civil
workers
Indian university
students < 5%
Demolition of
Hindu temples
Muslim community
under control of
central government
Thai eliteʼs control
of Islamic practice
Ethnic discriminatory policy
4. DOMESTIC POLICY
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
13. 3,500 fatalities
Resultant religion clash
Result of Clash
Religion clash Demonstrations Tak Bai Incident
13
Malaysia Thailand
Usage of batons, tear
gas, water cannon
No fatalities
Assassinations,
explosive detonations,
ambushes, raids
4. DOMESTIC POLICY
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
14. Evaluation
Malaysia
Nature of
policy
Populist Elitist
Thailand
14
Elevate economical
& educational status
of ethnic Malays
Delegitimize alternative
sources of authority i.e.
Minority religious leaders
to support continued rule
4. DOMESTIC POLICY
Objective of
discriminatory
policy
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
15. Discriminatory policy: Onset of
religion clash
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Discriminatory
policy
Religion clash
Thaiʼs education
discriminatory
policy
Malaysiaʼs
Bumiputera
policy
South Thailand
insurgency
Demonstrations
4. DOMESTIC POLICY
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
16. Conclusion: Role/influence of religion
is not very different in M’sia & Thai
1 2
5. CONCLUSION
Structurally,
Thailand and
Malaysia
are similar in
the role
of religion in
constitutional
monarchy &
establishment
of state religion
16
Religion
divides remain
a point of
contention in
Malaysia and
Thailandʼs
public policies
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
17. Presentation Outline
1
2
3
4
BACKGROUND OF BUDDHISM IN
THAILAND, ISLAM IN MALAYSIA
RELIGIOUS ROLE IN
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
DOMESTIC POLICY’S ROLE IN
RELIGION CLASH
CONCLUSION
17
STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY
5Wednesday, April 3, 2013
18. References
18
Charles F. Keyes. (2013). Buddhism and National Integration in Thailand.
Christopher Roberts. (2011). Region and Identity: The Many Faces of Southeast Asia.
Asian Politics and Policy, Volume 3(3), 365 – 382.
Darunee Tantiwiramanond. (1997). Changing Gender Relations in Thailand: A Historical and
Cultural Analysis. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 4(167) DOI:
10.1177/097152159700400203
Dian Abdul Hamed Shah and Mohd Azizuddin Mohd San. (2011). Freedom o f Religion in
Malaysia: A Tangled Web of Legal, Political, and Social Issues.
Dilip Lahiri. (2008). Malaysian Indian Community: Victim of ‘Bumiputera’ Policy.
ORF Issue Brief.
Graham K. Brown. (2010). Legible Pluralism: The Politics of Ethnic and Religious Identification
in Malaysia. Ethnopolitics, 9(1), 31-52.
Ian Phau & Kor-Weai Chan. (2003). Targeting East Asian markets: A comparative study on
national identity. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 12(2), 157 –
172.
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
19. References
19
Imtiyaz Yusuf. (2010). Islam and Buddhism Relations from Balkh to Bangkok and Tokyo.
Jason P. Abbotta & Sophie Gregorios-Pippas. (2010). Islamization in Malaysia: processes
and dynamics. Contemporary Politics, 16(2), 135-151. DOI: 10.1080/13569771003783851
John T. Sidel. (2012). The Fate of Nationalism in the New States: Southeast Asia in
Comparative Historical Perspective. Comparative Studies in Society and History 2012; 54(1):
114-144. doi:10.1017/S001041751100061
Jon Carlson, Matt Englar-Carlson & Tipawadee Emavardhana. (2012). Individual Psychology in
Thailand. The Journal of individuai Psychoiogy, 68(4).
Joseph Liow Chin Yong. (2003). Deconstructing political Islam in Malaysia : UMNO's response
to PAS' religio-political dialectic. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10220/4447
May Tan-Mullins. (2009). Armed Conflict and Resolutions in Southern Thailand. Annals of the
Association of American Geographers, 99(5), 922–931.
M.R. Sukhumbhand Paribatra. (2003). Some Reflections on the Thai Monarchy. Southeast
Asian Affairs, 291 – 309.
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
20. References
20
M.R. Sukhumbhand Paribatra. (2003). Some Reflections on the Thai Monarchy.
Southeast Asian Affairs, 291 – 309.
Muhammad Haniff Bin Hassan. (2007). Explaining Islam’s Special Position and the Politic
of Islam in Malaysia. The Muslim World, 97.
Otto F. von Feigenblatt. (2009). The Thai Ethnocracy Unravels: A Critical Cultural Analysis
of Thailand’s Socio-Political Unrest. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences
1(3), 583-611
Stithorn Thananithichot. (2011). Understanding Thai Nationalism and Ethnic Identity. Journal
of Asian and African Studies, 46(3), 250 – 263. DOI: 10.1177/0021909611399735
Timothy Brook & Hy V. Luong. (1999). Culture and Economy: The Shaping of Capitalism in
Eastern Asia. University of Michigan Press.
Wednesday, April 3, 2013