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1. Weighing scales
Weighing scales (usually just "scales" in UK and Australian English, "weighing
machine" in South Asian English or "scale" in US English) is a measuring
instrument for determining the weight or mass of an object. Weighing scales are
used in many industrial and commercial applications, and products from feathers to
loaded tractor-trailers are sold by weight. Specialized medical scales including
infant medical scales, and bathroom scales are used to measure the body weight of
human beings.
The name scales derives from the pair of scales or dishes in which objects to be
weighed and the weights / masses against which to weigh them are placed. The
Oxford English Dictionary defines scales as "Apparatus for weighing. The pan, or
each of the pans, of a balance."[1] Spring balances or spring scales measure force or
weight by balancing the force due to gravity against the force on a spring, whereas
a balance or pair of scales using a balance beam compares masses by balancing the
force of gravity (weight) due to the mass of an object against the force due to
gravity (weight) of a known mass. Either type of balance or scales can be
calibrated to read in units of force (weight) such as Newton’s, or in units of mass
such as kilograms, but the balance or pair of scales using a traditional balance
beam to compare masses will read correctly for mass even if moved to a place with
a different (non-zero) gravitational field strength (but would then not read correctly
if calibrated in units of force), while the spring balance would read correctly
in force in a different gravitational field strength (but would not read correctly if
calibrated in units of mass).
Types:
Electronic
Microbalance
A microbalance is an instrument capable of making precise measurements of
weight of objects of relatively small mass: of the order of a million parts of a gram.
Analytical balance
An analytical balance is a class of balance designed to measure small mass in the
sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance (0.1 mg or better)

2. is inside a transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any
air currents in the room do not affect the balance's operation. This enclosure is
often called a draft shield. The use of a mechanically vented balance safety
enclosure, which has uniquely designed acrylic airfoils, allows a smooth
turbulence-free airflow that prevents balance fluctuation and the measure of mass
down to 1 μg without fluctuations or loss of product. Also, the sample must be
at room temperature to prevent natural convection from forming air currents inside
the enclosure from causing an error in reading. Single pan mechanical substitution
balance maintains consistent response throughout the useful capacity is achieved
by maintaining a constant load on the balance beam, thus the fulcrum, by
subtracting mass on the same side of the beam to which the sample is added.
Electronic analytical scales measure the force needed to counter the mass being
measured rather than using actual masses. As such they must have calibration
adjustments made to compensate for gravitational differences.They use an
electromagnet to generate a force to counter the sample being measured and output
the result by measuring the force needed to achieve balance. Such measurement
device is called electromagnetic force restoration sensor.
Strain gauge scale
In electronic versions of spring scales, the deflection of a beam supporting the
unknown weight is measured using a strain gauge, which is a length-sensitive
electrical resistance. The capacity of such devices is only limited by the
resistance of the beam to deflection. The results from several supporting locations
may be added electronically, so this technique is suitable for determining the
weight of very heavy objects, such as trucks and rail cars, and is used in a
modern weighbridge.
Supermarket/retail scale
These scales are used in
the bakery, grocery, delicatessen, seafood, meat, produce and other perishable
goods departments. Supermarket scales can print labels and receipts, mark
weight/count, unit price, total price and in some cases tare. Some modern
supermarket scales print an RFID tag that can be used to track the item for
tampering or returns. In most cases these types of scales have a sealed calibration
so that the reading on the display is correct and cannot be tampered with. In the
USA the scales are certified by the National Conference on Weights and
Measures' NTEP, in South Africa by the South African Bureau of Standards and in
the UK by the International Organization of Legal Metrology.

3. For more details regarding Weighing scales
check the following:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighing_scale
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