2. INTRODUCTION:
• Aims to develop microcontroller based fire
fighting robot.
• Monitors the areas where natural calamities
and bomb explosion occurs.
• Sense fire, smoke and temperature at the site
of disaster by using flame and smoke sensors
mounted on the robot.
• If fire is detected with the help of sensors ,
MCU operates water pump mechanism.
3. OBJECTIVE:
• To detect fire in the disaster prone area.
• Also provides audio and visual indications.
• Extinguishes fire on detection.
• Reduces the efforts of human labour and
level of destruction.
6. TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
Transducers used for the measurement of
temperature at the site of disaster.
Gives out electrical output to the existing
temperature.
Output voltage is proportional to the Celsius
temperature.
7. SMOKE SENSOR:
Smoke is a colloid and comprises a collection
of airborne solid and liquid particulates and
gases emitted when a material undergoes
combustion.
It is commonly an unwanted by-product of
fires.
The smoke sensor detects smoke and
provides output to the MCU.
8. FLAME SENSOR:
• A flame detector is a sensor designed to
detect and respond to the presence of a flame
or fire.
9. MICROCONTROLLER- PIC16F73:
Takes or read data from the sensors and
controls all the functions of the whole system
by manipulating these data.
Control the movement of robot.
If the sensor outputs are found higher than
preset value it indicates presence of fire and
MCU operates the water pump mechanism.
10. MOTOR DRIVER:
Provides an interface between the 5V logic
signal from the microcontroller & the high
current / high voltage power side to drive the
motor.
Motor is an electromechanical device, which
convert electrical energy to rotation/
mechanical energy.
DC Geared Motor is used to drive the robotic
vehicle.
11. VISUAL INDICATION & AUDIO ALARM:
Visual indicators are used here for indicating
the conditions of the sensors, different
colored LEDs are used here.
If any of the sensor output will be high, MCU
will turns ON the audio alarm for intimating
the condition to others.
12. RELAY & DRIVER CIRCUIT:
Interfacing is required for connecting a relay
with any microcontroller.
Relays are inductive loads and control water
pumps.
Driving circuit is fixed between relays and
processor pins.
The output of the microcontroller is fed to the
relay driver for current boosting. The output
of this magnetizes the relay.
13. WATER PUMP:
Used to pump water when an abnormal
condition arises in the system.
When excess temperature, smoke and flame
detected, the water pump starts pumping
water.
Water pump is connected to the relay, the
relay becomes energizes according to the
instruction from the MCU.
14. WORKING:
• Consists of temperature sensor, smoke sensor, flame
sensor, MCU, water pump and geared motor.
• The robot continously monitors variation of the
surrounding area using these sensors.
• Robotic vehicle moves through the disaster area as per
the instructions from MCU.
• Whenever the temperature exceed a limit value and
flame and smoke detected MCU identifies that there is
presence of fire and operate water pump.
• MCU operates the relay through the relay interface.
• Audio and visual indications are attached to the robotic
system.
18. FEATURES:
Sense the body temperature.
Supply is connected to the source through a
current limiting resistor (100 ohm).
3rd pin of LM35 is grounded.
Output of sensor is in milli volt range and is
amplified using LM358 before feeding to the
MCU.
The output from this circuit is fed to RA0 of the
MCU for further procedures.
19. SMOKE SENSOR:
CO (carbon monoxide) sensor used
for the detection of smoke.
its output will correspond to the CO
present at the area.
The output of the sensor is
interfaced via RA2 of the
microcontroller.
MQ-7 gas sensor is used
20. FLAME SENSOR:
•Flame sensor can detect flame or fire at
wavelength 750 nm
•Detect flame from distance of 20cm
•Detection angle 60
•Adjustable sensitivity
•Operating voltage :3.3-5V
•The sensor is kept at a certain distance away
from fire to avoid damage
21. WHEEL MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT (L293D)
•Interfacing unit
between MCU and DC
motor
•Controls two DC motors
22. MOTOR DRIVER
• Provides interfacing between MCU and wheel
motor
• Quadruple high current half H drivers
• Designed to provide bidirectional current up to
1A
• Wide supply voltage :4.5-36V
23. MOTOR CONTROL RELAY CIRCUIT
•Electrical relays are
interfaced to MCU via the
driving circuits
•Relay is used control the
water pump
24. AUDIO INDICATOR
•Buzzer is interfaced to
the MCU via the
transistor acting as a
switch
•MCU send high signal
to BC547
25. VISUAL INDICATORS:
•LED is used for the purpose of
visual indication. 3 LEDs are
interfaced indicating different
sensors
•They are interfaced to RC1,RC2
& RC3 of microcontroller.
•1K current limiting resistors are
used to interface the LEDs to the
microcontroller.
26. POWER SUPPLY
•Consist of 12V car
battery,voltage regulator IC
7805 and capacitor as filters
•Provides regulation of either
a fixed positive voltage,a
fixed negative voltage or an
adjustably set voltage
27. START
INITIALISATION OF PORTS, MEMORY LOCATIONS
X
CHECK FOR
SMOKE
SENSOR
OUTPUT
YES
NO
CHECK FOR
TEMP>40
YES
NO
ON SMOKE LED
FLOWCHART:
Y
28. X
ON FLAME LED, ON BUSSER,
OPEARTE WATER PUMP
NO
STOP
CHECK FOR
FLAME
SENSOR
ON TEPERATURE LED
Y
YES
29. ADVANTAGES
The fire detecting robot helps in following ways:
•To detect the exact direction of the fire source.
•Capability of sensing accurately with increased flexibility.
•Reduce human effort.
•Reliable and economical.
•Not sensitive to weather conditions.
30. DISADVANTAGES
• No monitoring system for the vehicle.
• No remote control for the robotic movement.
• Our system used only for less than 3.5Kg
application.
• It is not used to put out large fires.
31. APPLICATION:
• Can be used in server rooms.
• Extinguishes fire where probability of
explosion is high.
• Usable in Power plant control rooms, Captain
bridges,Flight control centres.
• Disaster area monitoring and rescue.
32. FUTURE SCOPE:
• Remote control of robot.
• Camera and Video transmission can be
added.
• Improve weight capacity of the robot.
33. CONCLUSION:
• Here we successfully developed the FIRE
EXTINGUSHER Robot.
• Robot detects temperature, smoke and flame at the
site where the robot exists.
• The movement of this robot vehicle is controlled by
MCU as per the program.
• This robot is help full in those areas where natural
calamity and bomb explosions where occurred.
• If fire is detected with the help of sensors, MCU
operates the water pump mechanism through relay
circuit.
