nursing students requires

2.  It is the process of determining the objectives
of administrative effort and devising the
means calculated to achieve them.
-Millet
 Planning is a comprehensive term and
involves choosing a course of action from
all available alternatives for accomplishing
the desired results which are economical
and certain

3. Setting goals
and objectives
Laying out plan
of action
Implementation
Review
Feedback
Modifications
Planning is a continuous process, beginning with the
setting of goals and objectives and then laying out a
plan of action to accomplish them, put them into play,
review the process and the outcomes, provide
feedbacks to the personnel, and modify as needed

4.  Hospital is an institution or the
organization for the treatment, care, and
cure of the sick and wounded, for the
study of disease, and for the training of
physicians (teaching hospitals), nurses,
and allied health care personnel
 The hospital is divided into blocks and
each block is divided into wards/units

6.  A ward is that area of the hospital where
all amenities- physical, social and
especially medical care-are made
available to facilitate patient’s
treatment and make the patients feel at
home till they are discharged
 In other words, a ward is a temporary
home for the patients admitted there

7.  A nursing unit is an area in a hospital or
other health care delivery setting where
patients with similar needs are grouped to
facilitate the delivery of care by health
care professionals trained in that specialty
 Typically a Nurse manager/Head
nurse/Assistant nurse supervisor is in-charge
of the unit

8. As planning is put into action, the
management functions of organizing,
leading, and evaluating are
implemented, making all unit
management functions interdependent

9.  Planning must focus on purposes. It should
always be based on clearly defined
objectives
 Continuity and flexibility should be
maintained in planning cycle
 Planning should be simple and there should
be provision for proper analysis and
classification of actions
 In planning there should be good harmony
with organization and environment

10.  Planning is hierarchical in nature and must
have an organizational identification
 Planning should cover the entire setup, all
connected departments, and different
levels of administration, and it should be
balanced
 It should be realistic in its scope and
pinpoints the expected results
 Provision should be made to use available
recourses
 Planning should always be documented

11.  The implementation of the overall plan for the
nursing department provides for the
establishment of a number of units or
departments, each charged with the
responsibility of accomplishing some portion of
the plan
 Head nurse/Assistant nurse supervisor is in-
charge of a small individual nursing unit. She is
responsible to the director of the nursing
service either directly or through a supervisor.
The director of the nursing service to the
director of the hospital for competent
management of their departments

12.  There are three other
groups in the line of
responsibility all of which
are directly responsible to
the head nurse
› General staff nurses and
student nurses who gives
bedside care to the
patients
› Nonprofessional workers
(nurse aids, orderlies, and
clerks)
› Housekeeping personnel

13.  Staff nurses at their level too take part in
the process of planning e.g., daily
planning related to patient care
including history taking, assessment, and
nursing diagnosis.

14.  Matching people jobs e.g., patient assignment, special
assignment distribution among nurses
 Developing policies and procedures specific to the client’s
cared for e.g., procedure manual
 Identifying training needs e.g., regular ACLS classes
 Preparing and conducting training programs
 Coordinating all patient care activities by coordinated
making of duty roaster, patient assignment and class
arrangements.
 Meeting needs of the patients
 Supervising personnel i.e., nursing as well as non
professional workers under her
 Proper maintenance of records and reports of patients
 Evaluating the planning process and its results

15. 1) Objective formulation and goals
 Objectives are the short statements of
outcome or what must be done
 As a guide of action, objectives must be
specific, informative, and clear enough
to indicate what is to be done

16.  They may include objectives such as
› To give the highest possible quality of nursing
care
› To assist the physician in the medical care of
patient and to carry out such therapy as is
prescribed
› To promote programs of in-service training; to
provide facilities for the clinical instructions
necessary for the preparation of nurses and of
auxiliary nursing personnel
› To promote and encourage nursing studies
› To evaluate the quality of the services given by
staff nurses

17.  It is suggested that it will be of great assistance
to her if she does this according to the
functional areas of work. These are three in
number, and may be defined as follows:
› Nursing care: this embraces all activities
necessary to supply total nursing care.
› Organization: these are the activities concerned
with the management of the ward work and the
personnel involved.
› Domestic: these are the activities concerned
with the cleanliness of the ward.

18. Nursing care: This may be considered under three
main groups:
1. Concerned with the comfort and well being of every patient
i. The kind of reception patient receives
ii. Insistence on careful cleaning and daily dusting and
checking of empty units for condition and completeness of
equipment
iii. Before admission deciding where to place patient
iv. Set the standard for the quality of care given
v. Helping her staff to improve their nursing ability, for seeking
and utilizing their contributions in planning and evaluating
the care of the patient
vi. Look into general comforts of the patient and his/ her
relatives.

19. Nursing care:
2. Those which are concerned with the carrying-out of
medical treatment
 Review of equipments to determine completeness,
availability for use, cleanliness, safety, and convenience
in placement
 Staff orientation to operation, purpose, and aftercare of
them
 Quantities of supplies on hand
 Supervision to assure specific and intended use of
equipments
 Convenient and easy access of them
 Provision for ordering on an emergency basis

20. Nursing care:
3. Those which are concerned with education
The head nurse in a hospital where student nurse
receives their education has responsibilities in addition
to the other administrative duties
› orientation programme for new nursing staff, student nurse
and domestic staff
› Participation in ward teaching
› In-service education of nursing personnel
› Assignment of duties
› Keeping her knowledge up-to-date
› Supervision
› Ensuring good quality nursing care

21.  Organization: these are the activities
concerned with the management of the
ward work and the personnel involved
› Clear and accurate orders, reports, and
records
› Periodical check of all stocks and supplies
› Availability of adequate staff in each shift
› Changing the staff of a ward
› leaves or clinical offs
› Celebrations in ward

22.  Domestic: these are the activities
concerned with the cleanliness of the ward.
e.g., to see the safety and general
cleanliness of the department.
› Fumigation
› Sweeping
› Dusting
› Washing
› Washing of the sanitary annexes (slippers in OT,
sputum mugs, hand basins, cupboards etc)
› Disposal of biohazards

23. Once the objective is clear, there is need to
assess the resources available to reach the
goal. The factors which the head nurse has
to consider are
› The rate of turnover of the patient
› The total number of patients to be nursed
› The physical dependency of the patient
› The total nursing needs of the patients
› Patient assignment method
› The physical facilities, equipment, and supplies in
hand and needed
› The amount of experience and teaching that
staff has receives

24. This can be achieved by conducting
routine ward rounds and conducting
clinical rounds with doctors
 With these factors thoroughly
investigated, the head nurse is in a
position to estimate the demands, in
terms of ward personnel and material
required for their efficient working

25.  Intradepartmental reports
› All preoperative and post operative patients
› All admissions, discharges, transfers and deaths
› All acutely ill patients
› All patients on critical list
› All emergencies
› All depressed and suicidal patients
 Interdepartmental reports
› Daily census report
› Medication, special equipment and supply
register
› Patient’s list

26. Nursing cost per bed
Reported incidences
of violence
against nurse
Nursing staff per bed and
number of reported
patient accidents

27.  Premises refer to the factors in the
environment that affect the
achievement of goals. They are
assumptions about the future or
understanding of the expected situation
› Emergency treatments
› Disaster planning
› Undue delays

28.  For the effective implementation of the
program, the subordinates’ participation
has been found to be extremely essential
 Plans must be communicated for increasing
their understanding of the proposed action
and for enlisting their cooperation in the
proper implementation of plan

29.  This is done to avoid confusions and help
in planning evaluation
› Writing the staff register (Monthly or weekly
duty roaster, days of indents, list of
fumigation days in a given year)
› Maintaining the stock register
› Formulating the protocols

30.  Programming and implementation are
the key steps in the planning process.
Here, the special attention is needed to
the use of strategy
 Strategy means a set of decisions taken
to achieve the objectives

31.  Since all pertinent facts are not available in
most planning activities and since some
guess work is inevitable, there should be a
prior provision for following up the proposed
program when it is put into action
 Regular feedback both the way of written
records and reports and by direct
observation
 Regular and surprised Supervision of patient
care and staff as well
 Investigate complaints if any

32.  Evaluation is measuring what has been
done what has been planned to do. Any
deviation and lacunae have to be
explained and necessary action has to
be initiated to correct deviations

33.  A group of people living in the same
locality and under the same government
having common cultural, religious,
ethnic, or other characteristics

34.  It a field of nursing that is a blend of
primary health care and nursing practice
with public. The community health nurse
conducts a continuing and
comprehensive practice that is
preventive, curative, and rehabilitative.

35. Community health nursing has a responsibility to
participate in the total community health
program and to coordinate nursing plans with
those of all other community health services.
› It should be based on human needs
› Should take account of cultural and social
factors
› Planning should be realistically related to present
facilities and personnel and to those expected in
the “foreseeable future”
› The size and composition of staff needed to
carry out an adequate community health
nursing program must be determined within
each state in relation to local situations

36. › Assignment of staff should provide for utilization
of every worker at her/his highest level of skill
› Provision should be made to assure adequate
professional nursing direction of community
health nursing practice
› Authority should be delegated so that decisions
are made as close to the field of action as is
consistent with competence to make the
judgment
› The staff should be organized so as to provide
generalized family nursing services

38.  Community health nurses need to understand the
system where she is working, consisting of other
health care workers, community and higher
authorities
 It involves the collection, assessment and
interpretation of information. The steps also involves
the analysis and projection of health situation and
identifying problems
› population characteristics
› health statistics
› health care facilities
› health manpower
› training facilities
› Knowledge
› attitude belief and health practices

39.  Maternal and child health
 Family welfare
 Immunization
 Diarrhea control
 Control of communicable
diseases

40.  They include
› Provision for health counseling to the individual,
families, and community groups
› Provision of nursing care when necessary and
teaching and supervision of nursing care
provided
› Promotion of environmental sanitation
› Conduction of educational programmes for
nurses, other professionals, and members of the
community
› Reducing prevalence of anaemia by 25%
and moderate and severe anemia by50% in
children

41.  The resources include manpower, i.e.,
staff strength, money and material.
STAFF FOR SUB - CENTRE
Number of Posts
1. Health Worker (Female)/ANM : 1
2.Health Worker (Male) : 1
3.Voluntary Worker /ASHA : 1
Total: : 3

42. 1. Medical Officer: 1
2. Pharmacist : 1
3. Nurse Mid-wife
(Staff Nurse) : 1
4. Health Worker
(Female)/ANM : 1
5. Health Educator: 1
6. Health Assistant
(Male) : 1
1. Health Assistant
(Female)/LHV :1
2. Upper Division Clerk:1
3. Lower Division Clerk:1
4. Laboratory Technician
:1
5. Driver (Subject to
availability of Vehicle:1
6. Class IV :4
Total :15

43.  Procedure manuals compiled and kept
current through group action include those
for nursing procedures, standing orders, and
administrative policies
 Adequate records and reports must be
kept to assist the individual staff members in
planning their work and to serve as tool in
the evaluation of the programme
 Priorities must also be fixed according to
financial constraints and magnitude of
problem

44.  The public health nursing administrator
co-operates with recruitment
programmes and has the responsibility
for selecting and placing the necessary
staff.

45.  In her budget request to the director, the
nursing administrator makes the provision
for the equipment and supplies
necessary for carrying out nursing
activities

46.  To ensure the effectiveness of the
service, the administrator of public
health nursing reviews programme
activities of the agency and health
needs of the community.

47.  Lack of accurate information
 Time consuming process
 Expensive
 Inflexibility
 Resistance to change
 Environmental constraints
 Lack of ability and commitment
 False sense of security
 Reluctance to established goals

48.  Planning is the key element in nursing that gives
it direction, cohesion, and thrust
 It causes all nursing personnel to focus on goals
and objectives and stimulates their motivation
 Through the planning process, nurse managers
select and retain the elements of the past and
present plans that work. They focus on the
future, and they implement and evaluate
 Through planning they successfully manage
nursing personnel and material resources to
achieve the objective of the nursing enterprise

50.  Swansburg R. C. Introduction to Nursing
Management and Leadership for Nurse Managers.
3rd edition. Jones and Barlett Publisher, Sudbury 2002:
58-76.
 Basvanthapa BT. Nursing administration. 1st edition,
Jaypee brothers medical publishers: New Delhi 2004:
120-134.
 Goddard H. A. Principles of administration applied
to nursing service. 3rd impression. World health
organization 1958:20-38.
 Barabas M. H. Contemporary Head Nursing. The
Macmillan Company, New York 1962:31-72
 Margret, Scales. Handbook for ward sister.
1958:201-226.