1. A L Y S S A M E Y E R
V I S I T I N G R E S E A R C H F E L L O W
T I A N S H A N P O L I C Y C E N T E R
The Fundamentals of
Conducting Research
2. Why Do We Research?
Research allows you to pursue your interests, to
learn something new, challenge yourself in new
ways.
Every academic field of study utilizes research to further
investigate or find answers to new questions.
As a researcher you seek to find answers to questions of
interest to you.
3. Research Topic
A research topic is the subject that you are
researching.
For example, I’m researching Kyrgyzstan’s energy
crisis.
But just knowing my topic does not tell you want I am trying to
learn about the topic...
4. Research Question
A research question summarizes what you are trying
to understand about your topic as you conduct your
research.
It allows you to narrow the scope of your topic.
A strong research question can help you better
understand what kind of information you should
include in your paper, which sources you should look
at.
5. Example Research Question
• Research topic:
Kyrgyzstan’s energy crisis
• Research question:
How does Kyrgyzstan’s
energy crisis impact the
everyday life of the
population?
Within the text of your
paper, you might express
your research question as:
“This research seeks to
illustrate how
Kyrgyzstan’s on-going
energy crisis has impacted
the everyday living
conditions of its
population.”
6. Your Research Question Might Change...
Why?
You discover lack you information that you thought you
understood about your research topic
You find new sources that reveal a new perspective on your
topic
Your work on the original question raises a more interesting,
new question
The setting in which you are researching changes
7. 2012-2013 2015-2016
Given Kyrgyzstan’s
energy crisis, could
small-scale renewable
energy provide a
potential solution?
How does
Kyrgyzstan’s energy
crisis impact the
everyday life of the
population?
Example From My Work
8. Research Methodology
How will you go about answering your research
question?
What kinds of sources will you use?
There are two main types of research methodology
Quantitative
Qualitative
9. Quantitative Research
Main purpose: The quantification of data or relationships.
Quantitative researchers seek to measure effects,
relationships, or impacts using numbers.
Often times they are using quantitative data—data in the form
of numbers
Your shoe size
How many times you got sick in the last year
Large quantitative project often require data analysis program
such as SAS, STATA, or SPSS
Examples of quantitative research questions might include
What is the impact of climate change on commercial energy
consumption?
Does GPA impact a recent graduate’s ability to get a job?
10. Qualitative Research
Main purpose: Gaining an in-depth understanding of
underlying reasons and motivations. It provides insights
into the setting of a problem and potential solutions.
Often times you are utilizing descriptive or qualitative
data. This data is observed, but not measured.
People’s thoughts or feelings
Accounts of events
Sometimes qualitative studies will proceed quantitative
work so that the researcher has a clearer idea of what to
measure.
Examples of qualitative research questions:
How has the sale of Kyrgyzgaz impacted gas contracts and delivery in
Kyrgyzstan?
Why do parents in Kyrgyzstan chose to homeschool their children?
11. Research Methodology Example: My Current Research
Research question: How does Kyrgyzstan’s energy
crisis impact the everyday life of the population?
Methodology: Both qualitative and quantitative!
Sources: Newspaper articles, daily journals of 30
participants, reports of governmental and non-
governmental organizations, academic analyses
12. What about my current
research is qualitative?
What makes it
quantitative research?
It will use quotes from
the daily journal
entries and interviews
from participants will
describe problems
experienced by
participants
It will also attempt to
measure the impact of
shutoffs of
gas/heat/electricity on
participants’ lives by
inputting the data into
statistical software.
Does a person become sick more
often when the heat in his house is
frequently shutoff?
How significant are the economic
losses suffered by a household
whose electricity goes out often?
Spoiled groceries
Inability to complete work
Example (cont.)
13. Literature Review
A literature review is intended to help you better
understand what kind of research has been done on
your topic before.
Who else has tried to answer your research question before?
How did they answer it?
What was their research methodology?
What sources did they use?
14. Literature Review Concerns
• How far do you extend the scope of your literature
review?
• Look at research that has answered similar questions as yours
• Think about key pieces about your research topic you need to
understand to be able to answer your research question
• Look at the sources cited in your sources!
• When do you stop reading sources?
• A general rule for beginners is that you should include at least
ten sources.
15. Literature Review Example
Possible sources:
Kyrgyzstan’s energy crisis
Causes
Regional reserves
Geopolitics
Infrastructure
Impacts
Crisis and everyday life
Energy shortages and
their impacts
Research question:
How does Kyrgyzstan’s
energy crisis impact the
everyday life of the
population?
16. General Formatting
Abstract: Summarizes the research’s main
questions and findings in a few paragraphs
Introduction: Introduces your research question
and some of the previous work on the topic from
your literature review
Body: The majority of the content of your research
Conclusion: Reminds the reader of the overall
conclusions made in the body, discusses unfinished
work or unanswered questions for further research
Bibliography: Provides a full list of all of the
sources you read and referenced
17. If you have questions…
WARC: Room 237
warc@auca.kg
12/9/2015
Editor's Notes
Avoid getting overwhelmed by your topic—narrow your scope by identifying a specific question you want to answer