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LaTeX Part 1
1. An Intro to LTEXPart I
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An introduction to creating a LTEXdocument
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Aubry W. Verret
Brown Science and Engineering Library Research Computing Lab
November 10, 2008
2. Outline I
Introduction to LTEX
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What is LTEX?
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Why use LTEX?
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How to Get LTEX
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Basic LTEXDocument
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Example Document
Markup fo Example Document
Basic LTEXCommands
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Special LTEXcharacters
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Compiling
How LTEXWorks
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How to Compile
Files
CLS files
Output files
Index and Table of Contents Generation
The ToC
3. Outline II
The Index
Bibliographies
.bib files
Bibliography Styles
Compiling
Bibliography Assistance
Resources
Preview
4. What is LTEX?
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Definition
LTEXis a powerful document markup system that uses the TeX
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typesetting program.
It is pronounced as ’Lah Tek’ or ’Lay Tek’
5. Why use LTEX?
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LTEXproduces superior quality documents compared to word
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processor such as Microsoft Word.
It offers separation of content and formatting
Makes it easy to collaborate with others on a document
Many conferences prefer submissions done in LTEX
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6. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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7. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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Windows - MikTeX is a common package to use. It is free
and easy to install.
Common editors to use are TeXnicCenter, WinShell, and Led.
8. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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Windows - MikTeX is a common package to use. It is free
and easy to install.
Common editors to use are TeXnicCenter, WinShell, and Led.
Mac - MacTex is the current distribution for Mac users.
9. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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Windows - MikTeX is a common package to use. It is free
and easy to install.
Common editors to use are TeXnicCenter, WinShell, and Led.
Mac - MacTex is the current distribution for Mac users.
Linux - It is likely that LTEXis already a part of your operating
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system, but if not you can install Tex live.
You can use whatever text editor you would normally prefer to
use, Emacs, Vi, etc.
10. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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Windows - MikTeX is a common package to use. It is free
and easy to install.
Common editors to use are TeXnicCenter, WinShell, and Led.
Mac - MacTex is the current distribution for Mac users.
Linux - It is likely that LTEXis already a part of your operating
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system, but if not you can install Tex live.
You can use whatever text editor you would normally prefer to
use, Emacs, Vi, etc.
LTEXis also on all of the Lab computers
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11. How to Get LTEX
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There are several distributions of LTEXthat are free to obtain.
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Windows - MikTeX is a common package to use. It is free
and easy to install.
Common editors to use are TeXnicCenter, WinShell, and Led.
Mac - MacTex is the current distribution for Mac users.
Linux - It is likely that LTEXis already a part of your operating
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system, but if not you can install Tex live.
You can use whatever text editor you would normally prefer to
use, Emacs, Vi, etc.
LTEXis also on all of the Lab computers
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Go here for more information
http://www.latex-project.org/ftp.html
12.
13. Basic LTEXDocument
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The basic LTEXdocument consists of a preamble, a body, and an
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ending.
14. A Basic LTEXDocument
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Example Document
Aubry W. Verret
November 7, 2008
Hello World!
15. Markup for a Basic LTEXDocument
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documentclass { a r t i c l e }
t i t l e {A B a s i c LaTeX Document }
a u t h o r { Aubry W. V e r r e t }
d a t e { November 2008}
b e g i n { document }
maketitle
H e l l o World !
end{ document }
24. Basic LTEXCommands: Body
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The Body of the document:
begin{document}
maketitle
You can then type the body of your document.
No need to indent-this happens automatically.
Separate paragraphs by a blank line.
25. Basic LTEXCommands: Body
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The Body of the document:
begin{document}
maketitle
You can then type the body of your document.
No need to indent-this happens automatically.
Separate paragraphs by a blank line.
The document must end with
end{document}
26. Other Common Commands
Here are some other commands that you will use often:
section
subsection
chapter
{bf text}
{it text}
smallskip medskip bigskip
begin{enumerate}...end{enumerate}
begin{itemize}...end{itemize}
27. Special Characters
LTEXreserves some characters for special purposes:
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# $ % & ~ _ ^ { }
These characters cannot be used by themselves in your document.
28. Special Characters
LTEXreserves some characters for special purposes:
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# $ % & ~ _ ^ { }
These characters cannot be used by themselves in your document.
You can include these characters in your text by using the Escape
Character
29. Understanding How LTEXWorks
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LTEXtakes in a number of different input files and outputs a
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number of different files.
The main input file is the .tex file.
Along with the .tex file, LTEXreads in .cls files and .sty files which
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provide all of the needed formatting information.
LTEXoutputs a .dvi file and a .log file
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30. Compiling LTEX
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In order to compile your LTEXdocument use the latex command on
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the .tex file.
31. Compiling LTEX
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In order to compile your LTEXdocument use the latex command on
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the .tex file.
For example, if you
are using a unix environment then the command would look like this:
latex name of file.tex
32. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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33. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
34. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
report - This is good for longer works like dissertations,
theses, short books
35. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
report - This is good for longer works like dissertations,
theses, short books
article - This is good for conference presentations, short
reports, shorter documents
36. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
report - This is good for longer works like dissertations,
theses, short books
article - This is good for conference presentations, short
reports, shorter documents
letter - This is a simple way of writing a well-formatted letter.
37. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
report - This is good for longer works like dissertations,
theses, short books
article - This is good for conference presentations, short
reports, shorter documents
letter - This is a simple way of writing a well-formatted letter.
These are mostly similar with some small differences. For instance,
the book class allows for chapters and the article class allows for
abstracts.
38. .cls files
.cls files specify the format of a specific type of document
document. LTEXcomes with four different document classes:
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book - This is good for writing longer books with many
chapters
report - This is good for longer works like dissertations,
theses, short books
article - This is good for conference presentations, short
reports, shorter documents
letter - This is a simple way of writing a well-formatted letter.
These are mostly similar with some small differences. For instance,
the book class allows for chapters and the article class allows for
abstracts.
There are also many .sty files that allow for more specific
formatting control.
39. Output Files
DVIs (device independent) are files that contain a preview of your
document once it is compiled. It can be converted to a number of
different formats, such as PDF for printing.
LOG files contain a transcript of the compilation process. They
mostly contain the same information that is printed to the screen
during the process.
40. How to Generate a Table of Contents
Table of Contents in LTEXcan be generated automatically using the
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tableofcontents command.
Place the command wherever you want the table of contents to
appear. This is usually right after the
maketitle command.
The way
tableofcontents
works is by taking entries from the sectioning commands. You
must run the latex command twice to generate the ToC whenever
you add new entries to it. The first time the entries are recorded
on a .toc file. The second time they are actually typeset.
41. How To Generate Indexes
LTEXcan automatically generate indexes
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Include
usepackage{makeidx}
makeindex
in the preamble.
When you encounter a term in your document that you would like
to be indexed, use the
index{term}term command
You will need to run LTEXtwice in order for the index to appear.
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Once for the entries to be recorded in a .idx file and twice for the
entries to be typeset.
It is possible to create various levels of entries.
42. Bib files
It is relatively simple to generate bibliographies in LTEXusing
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bibtex and many different bibliographic formats are available.
Bibliographic entries must be kept in a separate file, the .bib file
This is the basic format for bib file entries:
@BOOK{make up an abbreviation,
AUTHOR = quot;authorquot;,
TITLE = quot;book titlequot;,
PUBLISHER = {who published it},
ADDRESS = {where it was published},
YEAR = year it was published}
44. @BOOK{latex,
AUTHOR = quot;Goossens, Michelquot;,
TITLE = quot;The LaTeX Companionquot;,
PUBLISHER = {Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.},
ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
YEAR = 1994}
Your document should reference the source as follows:
cite[p. 24] {latex}
45. @BOOK{latex,
AUTHOR = quot;Goossens, Michelquot;,
TITLE = quot;The LaTeX Companionquot;,
PUBLISHER = {Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.},
ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
YEAR = 1994}
Your document should reference the source as follows:
cite[p. 24] {latex}
To make the bibliography appear in your document include these
commands at the end where you want the bibliography to go:
bibliography{filename}
bibliographystyle{plain}
46. Bibliography styles
There are several different options for the bibliographystyle
command. It is also possible to define the style of the bibliography
using external custom style files.
Go here for more info on bib styles:
http://amath.colorado.edu/documentation/LaTeX/
reference/faq/bibstyles.html#styles
47. Compiling the bibliography
Compiling a document with a bibliography is a little more
complicated.
run latex on the .tex file
run bibtex on the .tex file
run latex twice more
The first time you run latex, a .aux file is created which bibtex will
subsequently read. The subsequent latex runs allow latex to
resolve all of the references between the document and the bib file.
Each time you add new references to your document you must
repeat this process.
48. Bibliography Assistance
You can use an external program to manage your bibliography.
A good program for this is Jabref
Free
Detailed editing of entries
Compatibility with various formats
Automatic key generation
You can get Jabref here: http://jabref.sourceforge.net/
49. Where to get Help
There are several different resources for learning LTEX
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Books:
LTEXConcisely by Adrian Johnstone
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The LTEXCompanion by Michel Goossens
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A Guide to LTEXby Melmut Kopka
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LTEXFor Scientists and Engineers by David J. Buerger
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The LTEXGraphics Companion
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The LTEXWeb Companion
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50. Online: There are numerous online tutorials and user guides for
LTEX, specific commands, packages, etc.
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The Research Computing Lab: You can send questions to me
through our ticket system
http:
//www2.lib.virginia.edu/brown/rescomp/help/index.html
51. What’s Coming Next?
Intro to LTEXPart 2 will cover:
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Including Notes
Typesetting Mathematics
Tables
Graphics
Figures
Presentations