Contains a variety of topics that might be of interest to someone who uses LaTeX frequently including minipages, tables, and Beamer.

1. Advanced LaTeX
Aubry Verret
October 22, 2013

2. Macros
Definition
A shorthand command used to abbreviate another
command or series of commands.
A
Fact: LTEX is comprised of numerous macros built
on the TEX language.

3. How to write a Macro
Define a macro in the Preamble using:
newcommand{command name}{definition}

4. How to write a Macro
Define a macro in the Preamble using:
newcommand{command name}{definition}
Example:
newcommand{uva}{University of Virginia}

5. How to write a Macro
Define a macro in the Preamble using:
newcommand{command name}{definition}
Example:
newcommand{uva}{University of Virginia}
Whenever you want ”University of Virginia” to appear you use
the uva command.

6. Macros with Arguments
Specify the number of arguments in square braces:
newcommand{command name}[# args]{definition}
Refer to the arguments as #1, #2, #3, #4 etc. in the
definition.

7. Macros with Arguments
Specify the number of arguments in square braces:
newcommand{command name}[# args]{definition}
Refer to the arguments as #1, #2, #3, #4 etc. in the
definition.
Example:
newcommand{shout}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}

8. Macros with Arguments
Specify the number of arguments in square braces:
newcommand{command name}[# args]{definition}
Refer to the arguments as #1, #2, #3, #4 etc. in the
definition.
Example:
newcommand{shout}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}
Pay Attention!

9. Macros with Arguments
Specify the number of arguments in square braces:
newcommand{command name}[# args]{definition}
Refer to the arguments as #1, #2, #3, #4 etc. in the
definition.
Example:
newcommand{shout}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}
Pay Attention!
shout{Pay Attention!}

10. Macros with Math
$$sum_{i=0}^n i^n$$
n
in
i=0
newcommand{sums}{$$sum {i=0}ˆn iˆn$$}

11. Macros with Math
$$sum_{i=0}^n i^n$$
n
in
i=0
newcommand{sums}{$$sum {i=0}ˆn iˆn$$}
sums

12. Macros with Math
$$sum_{i=0}^n i^n$$
n
in
i=0
newcommand{sums}{$$sum {i=0}ˆn iˆn$$}
sums
newcommand{sums}[1]{$$sum {i=0}ˆ#1 iˆ#1$$}
sums{5}
5
i5
i=0

13. Renewcommand
Use renewcommand to redefine an existing command

14. Renewcommand
Use renewcommand to redefine an existing command
Example:
The emph command italicizes its input.

15. Renewcommand
Use renewcommand to redefine an existing command
Example:
The emph command italicizes its input.
Suppose you want to use it instead of the shout command:
renewcommand{emph}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}

16. Renewcommand
Use renewcommand to redefine an existing command
Example:
The emph command italicizes its input.
Suppose you want to use it instead of the shout command:
renewcommand{emph}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}
emph{Pay Attention!}

17. Renewcommand
Use renewcommand to redefine an existing command
Example:
The emph command italicizes its input.
Suppose you want to use it instead of the shout command:
renewcommand{emph}[1]{{Huge{bf {#1}}}
emph{Pay Attention!}
Pay Attention!

18. PerlTeX
PerlTeX allows you to define macros using the Perl programming
language
Download:
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/
perltex/
User Manual:
http:
//www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb25-2/tb81pakin.pdf

19. Ams-LaTeX
A
Ams-LaTeX is a collection of extensions for LTEX in the form of
document classes and packages designed to enhance the
typesetting of mathematics.
The Amsmath package is an extension of AMS-LaTeX that
provides:
Superior equation formatting
Support for multiline equations
Support for better equation numbering
Auxilliary packages that provide additional support for
displayed equations

20. Additional Packages
The Amsthm package provides extensions to the
A
LTEX newtheorem command which include:
Various theorem styles
More control over numbering
A proof environment

21. Additional Packages
The Amsthm package provides extensions to the
A
LTEX newtheorem command which include:
Various theorem styles
More control over numbering
A proof environment
The Amssymb package provides additional fonts and symbols:

22. Additional Packages
The Amsthm package provides extensions to the
A
LTEX newtheorem command which include:
Various theorem styles
More control over numbering
A proof environment
The Amssymb package provides additional fonts and symbols:

23. Amsmath Equation Environments - Align
1
begin{align}
x^2 + y^2 & = z^2 nonumber
x^3 + y^3 & < z^3
end{align}
x2 + y2 = z2
x3 + y3 < z3
(1)
Facts:
A
Better spacing than the LTEX eqnarray environment
Use the ”∗” to suppress numbering - begin{array∗}
Use nonumber to suppress numbering of individual equations
1
This and all following Amsmath slides adapted from
http://www.icms.org.uk/downloads/pgcourses/15october/Zachary.pdf

24. Amsmath Equation Environments - Multline
begin{multline}
lim_{xtoinfty}frac{P(M>x)}{overline{F^s}(x)}
le limsup_{xtoinfty}
frac{P(M>x,,S_{tau_1}>x-R+a-epsilon)}%
{overline{F^s}(x)}
+gamma
left(frac{2-gamma}{(a-epsilon)(1-gamma)^2}right)
end{multline}
lim
x→∞
P(M > x)
F s (x)
≤ lim sup
x→∞
P(M > x, Sτ1 > x − R + a − )
F s (x)
2−γ
+γ
(a − )(1 − γ)2
(2)

25. Amsmath Equation Environments - Cases
begin{equation*}
I_A =
begin{cases}
1 & text{if $xin A$}
0 & text{otherwise}
end{cases}
end{equation*}
IA =
1
0
if x ∈ A
otherwise

26. More Environments
Equation - single equation on a single line
Gather - multiple equations with no alignment
Flalign - horizontally spread version of align
Split - split single equations with alignment
begin{equation}
begin{split}
(a + b)^3 &= (a + b) (a + b)^2
&= (a + b)(a^2 + 2ab + b^2)
&= a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3
end{split}
end{equation}
(a + b)3 = (a + b)(a + b)2
= (a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b 2 )
= a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab 2 + b 3
(3)

27. Matrix Environments
begin{equation}
begin{matrix}
1 & 0
0 & 1
end{matrix}
end{equation}
1 0
0 1
(4)

28. More Matrix Environments
pmatrix
1 0
0 1
(5)
1 0
0 1
(6)
1 0
0 1
(7)
1 0
0 1
(8)
1 0
0 1
(9)
bmatrix
Bmatrix
vmatrix
Vmatrix

29. AMS-LaTeX Assistance
For info on AMS-LaTeX:
http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html
For info on the Amsmath package:
ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf
For info on Amsthm:
ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amscls/amsthdoc.pdf

30. Headers and Footers
Fancyhdr package creates customizable headers and
footers:

31. Headers and Footers
Fancyhdr package creates customizable headers and
footers:
documentclass { a r t i c l e }
usepackage { fancyhdr }
pagestyle{ fancyplain }
b e g i n { document }
l h e a d { Aubry W. V e r r e t }
r h e a d { t o d a y }
end{ document }

32. Fancyhdr Output

33. Fancyhdr Help
You can get assistance with Fancyhdr here:
ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/
contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf

34. Minipages
The Minipage environment creates miniature pages within
pages.
begin{minipage}...end{minipage}
It is suitable for:
Grouping figures or tables
Placement of footnotes attached to images
Placing a border around a figure and its title

35. Minipage example
b e g i n { f i g u r e } [ htbp ]
centering
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 5 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s { image 1}
c a p t i o n { C a p t i o n 1}
end{ m i n i p a g e }
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 5 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s { image 2}
c a p t i o n { C a p t i o n 2}
end{ m i n i p a g e }
end{ f i g u r e }

36. Output
Figure: Science Cat
Figure: Physics Cat

37. Minipage Example Two
b e g i n { f i g u r e } [ htbp ]
centering
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 3 . 3 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s [ s c a l e =.14]{ g r a p h i c s / s c i e n c e
c a p t i o n { S c i e n c e Cat }
end{ m i n i p a g e }
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 3 . 3 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s [ s c a l e =.23]{ g r a p h i c s / p h y s i c s
c a p t i o n { P h y s i c s Cat }
end{ m i n i p a g e }
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 3 . 3 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s [ s c a l e =.14]{ g r a p h i c s / s c i e n c e
c a p t i o n { S c i e n c e Cat }
end{ m i n i p a g e }
b e g i n { m i n i p a g e } [ b ] { 3 . 3 cm}
centering
i n c l u d e g r a p h i c s [ s c a l e =.23]{ g r a p h i c s / p h y s i c s
c a p t i o n { P h y s i c s Cat }
end{ m i n i p a g e }
end{ f i g u r e }
cat }
cat }
cat }
cat }

38. Figure: Science Cat
Figure: Physics Cat
Figure: Science Cat
Figure: Physics Cat

39. Fonts
Default Font: Computer modern
Default font size: 10pt
How to change the default font:
Additional fonts are available for installation
(http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/)

40. Fonts
Default Font: Computer modern
Default font size: 10pt
How to change the default font:
Additional fonts are available for installation
(http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/)
How to change the default font size:
documentclass command accepts [11pt] and [12pt] as options
fix-cm package overrides font size defaults
special commands

41. Font Size Commands
tiny(5pt)
scriptsize(7pt)
footnotesize(8pt)
small(9pt)
normalsize(10pt)
large(12pt)
Large(14pt)
LARGE(18pt)
huge(20pt)
Huge(24pt)

42. Colored text
Use the xcolor package to add color to your text:
usepackage{xcolor}
Use {color{color name} text} to change the text color.
Predefined colors include:
black, white, red, yellow, blue, green, cyan, magenta

43. Example
{color{red} This text is red!}
This text is red!

44. Colored Text Background
colorbox{yellow}{This text has a yellow background!}
This text has a yellow background!

45. More Colors!
Use the [dvipsnames] option when you call the color
environment:
usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
You can now access 68 more colors!

46. New Colors

47. Wrap figure
To wrap text around a figure use the Wrapfig package:
usepackage{wrapfig}
Wrap the figure in the wrapfigure environment:
begin{wrapfigure}{alignment}{width}...end{wrapfigure}
alignment Either l (left) or r (right)
width Width of image

48. Wrapfig Example
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam
porttitor rutrum felis eget faucibus. Aliquam erat volutpat. Duis
commodo, libero nec adipiscing pellentesque, risus velit faucibus
augue, eget molestie nibh risus et augue.
b e g i n { w r a p f i g u r e }{ l }{40mm}
begin { center }
includegraphics { far side }
end{ c e n t e r }
caption { Einstein }
end{ w r a p f i g u r e }
Integer quis tristique est. Pellentesque lacinia mi mattis ipsum
rutrum egestas. Aliquam vestibulum pharetra felis, in congue eros
posuere ac.

49. Output

50. Compiling multiple .tex files
As your tex file grows, you may find that it becomes more difficult
to manage (compiling starts to take a long time, it gets hard to
find things, bugs are harder to find, etc.)
The solution: write several files sepearately and compile them
toether at the end. Use the input command to read each “child”
file into your “root” document...
input{child1.tex}
input{child2.tex}
input{child3.tex}

51. Compiling multiple .tex files
The problem with input is that the “child” files won’t compile on
their own. The solution is in the subfile package.
In the ”root” document the package must be loaded as:
usepackage{subfiles}
Instead of using input, ”child” documents must be loaded as
follows:
subfile{child}
The ”child” documents must start with the following statements:
documentclass[rootdocument.tex]{subfiles}
begin{document}
and end with:
end{document}

52. Alternate Output
A
LTEX can directly generate two formats:
dvi Generate using the latex command
pdf Generate using the pdflatex command
dvi supports only the eps image format
pdf supports jpg, png, pdf image formats

53. Converting from DVI to PDF
Directly (dvi → pdf):
Use dvipdfm.
A
There is a special button for this in most LTEXeditors.

54. Converting from DVI to PDF
Directly (dvi → pdf):
Use dvipdfm.
A
There is a special button for this in most LTEXeditors.
Use this if the original file contains postscript figures

55. Converting from DVI to PDF
Directly (dvi → pdf):
Use dvipdfm.
A
There is a special button for this in most LTEXeditors.
Use this if the original file contains postscript figures
Indirectly (dvi → ps → pdf):
Use dvips, then sp2pdf

56. Converting from DVI to PDF
Directly (dvi → pdf):
Use dvipdfm.
A
There is a special button for this in most LTEXeditors.
Use this if the original file contains postscript figures
Indirectly (dvi → ps → pdf):
Use dvips, then sp2pdf
typically ineffecient and can produce larger files of lower
quality

57. HTML output
A
There are several programs for converting LTEX to HTML:
Hyperlatex Actively maintained to keep up with HTML
standards
TTH Good at formula conversion
Heava Good overall, written in O Caml
LaTeX2HTML Not well maintained
text4ht Difficult to configure but produces good output

58. Beamer
It is possible to create sophisticated presentations while
A
harnessing the power of LTEX
The Beamer class produces presentations that:
Can be easily cutomized
Contain overlays
Can display sophisitcated mathematics
Are easily converted to handouts
Compile directly to PDF

59. How to Use Beamer
Use beamer as the document class:
documentclass[style]{beamer}
Go here for examples of Beamer styles:
http://mike.depalatis.net/beamerthemes/

60. Frames
Beamer uses the Frame environment:
begin{frame}[options]...end{frame}

61. Frames
Beamer uses the Frame environment:
begin{frame}[options]...end{frame}
Options include:
fragile allows you to include text using the verbatim or
listings packages on a slide
allowframebreaks allows Beamer to create extra slides to
handle overflow text
shrink shrinks contents to fit on one slide

62. Example of Frame

63. How to Make A Table
A
To make a table in LTEX use the tabular environment:
begin{tabular}...end{tabular}

64. How to Make A Table
A
To make a table in LTEX use the tabular environment:
begin{tabular}...end{tabular}
Separate columns with the ”&” symbol
Separate rows with the double backslash ””

65. Tabular Layout
Specify the column layout when you call tabular:
begin{tabular}{l|l|l}
Vertical bars produce vertical lines between columns.
Alignment Symbols
l - align left
r - align right
c - centered

66. Tables
begin{tabular}{ l | l | l }
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
mammal & lion
& XSolidBrush
mammal & tiger
& XSolidBrush
mammal & platypus
& Checkmark
reptile & iguana & Checkmark
reptile & snake
& Checkmark
aves & flamingo & Checkmark
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
mammal
mammal
reptile
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

67. Tables
Change alignments:
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | }
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
mammal & lion
& XSolidBrush
mammal & tiger
& XSolidBrush
mammal & platypus
& Checkmark
reptile & iguana & Checkmark
reptile & snake
& Checkmark
aves & flamingo & Checkmark
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
mammal
mammal
reptile
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

68. Tables
Add horizontal lines:
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | } hline
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
hlinehline
mammal & lion
& XSolidBrush hline
mammal & tiger
& XSolidBrush hline
mammal & platypus
& Checkmark hline
reptile & iguana & Checkmark
hline
reptile & snake
& Checkmark
hline
aves & flamingo & Checkmark
hline
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
mammal
mammal
reptile
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

69. Tables
Not so many:
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | } hline
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
hlinehline
mammal & lion
& XSolidBrush
& tiger
& XSolidBrush
& platypus
& Checkmark hline
reptile & iguana & Checkmark
& snake
& Checkmark
hline
aves & flamingo & Checkmark
hline
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

70. Tables
Partial hlines
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | } hline
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
hlinehline
mammal & lion
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3}
& tiger
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3}
& platypus
& Checkmark hline
reptile & iguana & Checkmark
cline{2-3}
& snake
& Checkmark
hline
aves & flamingo & Checkmark
hline
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

71. Tables
Multirow
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | } hline
Class
& Species & Lays eggs?
hlinehlin
multirow{3}{*}{mammal}
& lion
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3
& tiger
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3}
& platypus
& Checkmark hline
multirow{2}{*}{reptile} & iguana & Checkmark
cline{2-3}
& snake
& Checkmark
hline
aves
& flamingo & Checkmark
hl
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

72. Tables
Color (colortbl package)
begin{tabular}{| l | r | c | } hline
rowcolor[gray]{0.8} Class & Species & Lays eggs?
hlinehl
multirow{3}{*}{mammal}
& lion
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3
& tiger
& XSolidBrush cline{2-3}
& platypus
& Checkmark hline
multirow{2}{*}{reptile} & iguana & Checkmark
cline{2-3}
& snake
& Checkmark
hline
aves
& flamingo & Checkmark
hl
end{tabular}
Class
mammal
reptile
aves
Species
lion
tiger
platypus
iguana
snake
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

73. Tables
Better horizontal lines: booktabs package
begin{tabular}{lrc} toprule
Class & Species & Lays eggs? toprule
multirow{3}{*}{mammal} & lion & XSolidBrush cmidrule{2-3
& tiger & XSolidBrush cmidrule{2-3}
& platypus & Checkmark midrule
multirow{2}{*}{reptile}& iguana& Checkmark
cmidrule{2-3}
& snake & Checkmark
midrule
aves
& flamingo& Checkmark
botto
end{tabular}

74. Tables
Better horizontal lines: booktabs package
Class
Species
lion
mammal
tiger
platypus
reptile
iguana
snake
aves
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

75. Tables
The table enviroment:
begin{table} ... end{table}
allows you to:
Turn a table into a float
Add a caption
Number the table for referencing

76. Tables
table environment
Table: Who lays eggs?
Class
Species
lion
mammal
tiger
platypus
reptile
iguana
snake
aves
flamingo
Lays eggs?
%
%
!
!
!
!

77. Tables
Formatting Numbers
begin{tabular}{c r}
Expression & Value hline
$pi$
&
3.1416 hline
$pi^{pi}$
&
36.46
hline
$pi^{pi^{pi}}$ & 80662.7
hline
end{tabular}
Expression
π
ππ
π
ππ
Value
3.1416
36.46
80662.7

78. Tables
One fix:
begin{tabular}{c r @{.} l}
Expression & multicolumn {2}{c}{Value} hline
$pi$
&
3 & 1416 hline
$pi^{pi}$
&
36 & 46
hline
$pi^{pi^{pi}}$ & 80662 & 7
hline
end{tabular}
Expression
π
ππ
π
ππ
Value
3.1416
36.46
80662.7

79. Tables
Another Fix (dcolumn package)
begin{tabular}{cD{,}{.}{5.4}}
Expression & multicolumn {1}{c}{Value} hline
$pi$
&
3,1416 hline
$pi^{pi}$
&
36,46
hline
$pi^{pi^{pi}}$ & 80662,7
hline
end{tabular}
Expression
π
ππ
π
ππ
Value
3.1416
36.46
80662.7

80. Tables
Another Fix (rccol package)
begin{tabular}{cR[,][.]{5}{3}}
Expression & multicolumn {1}{c}{Value} hline
$pi$
&
3,1416 hline
$pi^{pi}$
&
36,46
hline
$pi^{pi^{pi}}$ & 80662,7
hline
end{tabular}
Expression
π
ππ
π
ππ
Value
3.142
36.460
80662.700

81. Tables
Slashed Boxes (slashbox package)
begin{tabular}{|l|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} hline
backslashbox{Function}{Argument} & 0 & pi/2 hline
$sin$ & 0 & 1 hline
$cos$ & 1 & 0 hline
end{tabular}
```
``` Argument
```
0 π/2
```
Function
sin
0
1
cos
1
0

82. Tables
Making tables look good...
D
5in
5in
5in
10in
10in
10in
test
test
test
test
test
test
1
2
3
1
2
3
Pu
285
287
230
430
433
431
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
σN
38.200 psi
38.27 psi
30.67 psi
248.67 psi
28.8 psi
28.7334 psi

83. Tables
...takes practice.
Table: Maximum load and nominal tension.
D
(in)
Pu
(lbs)
σN
(psi)
5
test 1
test 2
test 3
285
287
230
38.00
38.27
30.67
10
test 1
test 2
test 3
430
433
431
28.67
28.87
28.73

84. Where To Get Help
A
Books - LTEXConcisely by Adrian Johnstone
Online - numerous manuals available
Research Computing Lab www2.lib.virginia.edu/brown/rescomp/
help/index.html