Study of vlsi design methodologies and limitations using cad tools for cmos technology presentation
1. INFLUENCE 2013
National Conference on Mega Trends in Engineering
(August 16 & 17, 2013)
“Study of VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD tools for CMOS Technology”
Presented By:
Ayoush Johari
VVS Lavanya
School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
International Institute of Information Technology
International Institute of Information Technology
Pune, India
Pune, India
Rakeshwari Pal
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Trinity Institute of Technology and Research
Bhopal, India
2. VLSI Technology and Design Drivers
Less Power Consumption
Less Price/ More Economical
More or Less components per board/system
Less Price/ More Economical
Higher reliability
Improved Interconnects
More Compactness
High Speed of Operation
Lesser Manufacturing Costs
Area Utilization/compactness
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
Source: http://www.gdiamos.net
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3. Why not Silicon Compiler ?
Reality
Ideal Scenario
Design Methodology
Silicon Compiler
Simple Tasks
Complex Procedures
VLSI designers
Lots Of Human
Interaction
No Human
Interaction
Spec/Verilog/VHDL
Synthesis
Testing team
Placement
Verification
Routing
CAD developers
Circuit on Silicon
Process people
3
source : http://www.vlsicad.ucsd.edu/maryjanerwin/psu
4. View of IC Designer
Design parameters by which Design success is measured:
Performance Specifications
Size of Wafer, Die and overall manufacturing cost
Design time including engineering and time to tape out
Ease of Test pattern generation , verification and testability.
Proposed
Architecture
Algorithm
Process
Technology
VLSI
CAD
Tools
Chip for
fabrication
Figure 1: Generalized View of a IC Designer
source: http://ic.engin.brown.edu/classes/EN1600S08/projects.html
Design is a continuous tradeoff between namely 3 parameters namely
Price, Power and performance.
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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5. VLSI Design Methodologies
Full Custom Design
Semi Custom Design
Gate Array Design
Standard Cell Design
FPGA Based Design
CPLD Based Design
Hardwired Control
PLA Based Control
HDL Based Design Methodology
RT-Level Synthesis
IP Cores, SOCs, DSPs, MEMs
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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6. VLSI Design Methodologies
Systematic design methods or the design methodologies are necessary for
successfully designing complex digital hardware.
Our design methods usually differ by the number of abstraction levels and the
complexities involved.
A Gated array, standard cell design, full custom design, CPLDs FPGAs are some
of the design methodologies well known.
More Levels of
abstraction
System
Specifications
Analysis
Synthesis
Automation
Manual
Less Levels
of abstraction
Final
Chip
Figure 2: Abstraction hierarchies in VLSI Design Methods
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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7. Design Flow Evolution
Past- 250-180nm
Monday, March 03, 2014
Present- 90-45nm
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
Future 22.5-10nm
Source http://www.vlsicad.ucsd.edu/
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8. VLSI Design Complexities
VLSI Design is a process of converting an Idea to a Chip.
Problem Domain complexity
Development Process complexity
Choice Domain complexity
Testing related complexity
Packaging related complexity
source: LSI Logic LEA300K ;(0.6 m CMOS)
www.lsi.com
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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9. VLSI CAD Tools
Current systems are very complex.
Design abstraction and decomposition is done to manage complexities.
Tools automate the process of converting our design from
one abstraction level to another.
Design automation tools improve productivity.
Figure 3: Layout of 4004 microprocessor invented by Intel Engineers Federico
Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor
source : http://ic.engin.brown.edu/classes/lecture6
The First IC based microprocessor was built using manual design.
To get the chip to the market fast CAD tools are indeed needed.
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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10. Classification and Comparison of VLSI CAD Tools
1. High Level Synthesis(HDLs)
Open
Source/
Licensed
S.No.
1
Cadence EDA
Licensed
Analog and
Mixed
signal
2
Mentor
Graphics
EDA
Licensed
Analog and
Mixed
signal
3
Synopsys EDA
Licensed
Analog and
Mixed
signal
4
Tanner EDA
Licensed
Analog and
Mixed
signal
5
Alliance
Open
Source
Mixed
Signal
Logic to
Layout
6
Electric CAD
Open
Source
Mixed
Signal
Logic to
Layout
7
Magic
Open
Source
Mixed
Signal
Circuit
Layout
8
SystemC
Open
Source
Electronic
System
Level
Library
for Digital
Design
9
2. Logic Synthesis Tools
CAD Tool
myHDL
Open
Source
Electronic
System Level
Hardware
Description
language
3. Circuit Optimization Tools
3.1 Transistor Sizing Tools
3.2 Process Variation Tools
3.3 Stastical Design Tools
4. Layout Tools
4.1 Floorplanning
4.2 Place and Route
Type
4.3 Module Generation
4.4 Automatic Cell Placement Routing
5. Layout Extraction Tools
Function
Complete
CAD
Flow
Complete
CAD
Flow
Complete
CAD
Flow
Complete
CAD
Flow
Table : Comparative study of various open source
and licensed set of VLSI EDA tools.[18]
6. Simulation (Spice for circuit level Simulation)
7. Monday, March 03, 2014 Verification Tools
Layout Schematic
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11. VLSI CAD Tools (Contd..)
VLSI CAD Tools
Front End
Tools
Back End
Tools
Design
Capture Tools
Synthesis
Tools
Design Entry
Floor Planning
Editors
Behavioral Synthesis
Editors
Place & Route
VHDL/Verilog
RTL Synthesis
Simulation
Extraction
Synthesis
LVS, LVL
System Verilog /
SystemC, Vera
FPGA Synthesis
ERC,DRC
State Charts
Physical Synthesis
DFT Insertion
Pattern Generators
FSM Capture
Module/Cells
Test Generation
Format Converters
Timing Analysis
Logic Synthesis
DSP Synthesis
Pattern Generators
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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12. VLSI CAD Tools (Contd..)
VLSI CAD Tools
Analysis
Tools
Checkers
Testing Related
Tools
Verifiers
DRC,ERC
Timing Verifier
Netlist Compare
ATPG
ICE/ Hardware
Ratio Checker
DFT
Formal Verifiers
Fan-in/ FanOut Checker
Power Checker
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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13. Design and Analysis
VHDL / Verilog / SystemC
compilation/
synthesis
mask layout patterns
design schematics
find wire routes
device layout
• Design development is facilitated using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools
source :http://ic.engin.brown.edu/classes/lecture1
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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14. tape out
mask layout patterns
mask writer
printing
test and
packaging
chip
masks
dice
die
wafer
• Design development is facilitated using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
source: http://ic.engin.brown.edu/
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classes/lecture1
15. Simple VLSI CAD Tool Chain
Specifications
Hardware
Description
Languages
if
SEL == “00“ then Y
elseif SEL == “01“ then Y
elseif SEL == “10“ then Y
else
Y
end if;
=
=
=
=
A;
B;
C;
D;
Schematic
Entry
2:1 MUX
2:1 MUX
D
Synthesis
2:1 MUX
C
B
Y
A
SEL == 10
SEL == 01
SEL == 00
IC Layout
/Area
Layout and Routing
Cell Library
Simulation
Verification and timing/ power results
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations Source: http://ic.engin.brown.edu/classes
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using CAD Tools
16. VLSI CAD Tool Vendors
[32]
[26]
[27]
[31]
[30]
[28]
[29]
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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17. Typical VLSI Design Flows
Source: http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/CAD_for_VLSI_Design_I/pdf/nptel-cad1-01.pdf
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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19. Design Representation Levels and Associated Formats
Design Behavior
ISA,C,C++
Architecture
SystemC, VHDL, Verilog
Micro -Architecture
Software and
Operating System
EDA Servers
and
Linux, RTOS
Digital Hardware
(Register Transfer)
Gate Level Netlist
(Logic Gates & Latches)
Layout and Masks
(Fabrication Patterns)
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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20. VLSI Design Complexities vs CAD Tools
Design Challenges and
Priorities
Algorithms
and
CAD Tools
Methodology
and
EDA Flows
Process Technology and
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
Limitations
using CAD Tools
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21. Limitations and Challenges to Overcome
Designer’s Aim – Transfer Design description in one domain into a fully
equivalent design descriptions in respective other domains.
Fast
Prototyping
Custom Design
Labor Intensive
Low
Volume
High Volume
Guiding Design Organization Principles
Programmable Interconnects
Mask Programmable Gate Arrays
Mixed Standard Cell and Custom Cell
to CMOS IC Designers.
Design investment increasing for a given
Monday, March 03, 2014
Programmable Logic Structures
Standard Cell Design
Design Options available
application
Programmable Logic
Full Custom mask Design
Design Time and
Cost Decreasing
(for given application)
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
Performance
Increasing,
Die Area Decreasing ,
Power Dissipation
increasing
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22. Conclusion
VLSI Design – complexities increases as the time progresses .
Design Methodologies and CAD tools are integral parts in VLSI
Design and go hand in hand and they evolve based on designer’s needs.
CAD Tools allows the freedom to VLSI Designers to focus on
creativity with respect to process technology.
The development in the design tools, collaborative design methods, the
role of human factors and integration factors in the design technology
marks the outline of various design methodologies.
Monday, March 03, 2014
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
using CAD Tools
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23. References
[1] Randal E. Bryant, Kwang-TingCheng , Andrew B Kahang, Kurt Kreutzer, Wojciech
Maly,Richard Newton, Lawerance Pileggi, Jan M Rabaey, Alberto SaniovanniVincentelli, “Limitations and Challenges of CAD technology for CMOS VLSI” .
[2] Catherine H. Gebotys, Mohamed I. Elmasry,“Vlsi Design Synthesis and Testability”.
[3]A.H. Farrahi, D.J. Hathaway, M.Wang and M.Sarrafzadeh, “Quality OF EDA CAD Tools:
Definitions, Metrices and Directions”.
[4] Anantha Chandrakasan, Isabel Yang, Carlin Veiri, Dimitri Antoniadis, “Design Considerations
and tools for Low voltage Digital system Design”
[5] Mike Spreitzer “Comparing Structurally different views of a VLSI Design”
[6] Catherine H. Gebotys, Mohamed I. Elmasry, “VLSI Design Synthesis and Testibility”
[7] T.S. Cheung, K.Asada, K.L. Yip, H. Wong, Y.C. Cheng, “Low Power CMOS Design Methodologies
with reduced voltage swing ”
[8] K.A. Sumithra Devi, “Algorithms for CAD tools VLSI design”
[9] Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits” , A Design
VLSI Design Methodologies and Limitations
perspective Second edition
Monday, March 03, 2014
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using CAD Tools
24. References ( Contd..)
10] Dr. Nicos Bilalis, “Computer Aided Design CAD”, January 2000 edition
[11] Course: “Trends in VLSI Design: Methodologies and CAD tools”. Presenter Raj Singh. IC
Design group,CEERI,Pilani-333031
[12] P.van der Wolf. “CAD Frameworks: Principle and Architecture” Kluwer Academic
Publishers,236pp
[13] K.Chaudhary, A.Onawaza, and E.S. Kuh. “Algorithms for Performance Enhancement and
Crosstalk Reduction”. In International conference on Computer Aided Design, pages 697702,1993.
[14] C.Chen and M.Sarrafzadeh. “Provably Good Algorithm for low power consumption and
supply voltages” ”. In International conference on Computer Aided Design, pages 76-79,1999.
[15] H.M. Chen, H.Zhou, F.Y.Young, D.F. Wong, H.H. Yang, and N.Sherwani. “Integrated
Floorplanning and Interconnect Planning”. ”. In International conference on Computer Aided
Design, pages 354-357,November 1999.
[16]http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/CAD_for_VLSI_Design_I/index.php
[17] https://www.coursera.org/course/vlsicad/
[18]http://www.vlsiacademy.org/open-source-cad-tools.html
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