3. H + NO 3 - , OH- Aqueous Solution Salt Ionization Water Ionization Cation Anion NaCl(aq) NaCl Na + + OH- H 2 O H + + OH- Na + , H + Cl-, OH- CuSO 4 (aq) CuSO 4 Cu 2+ + SO 4 2- H 2 O H + + OH- Cu 2+ , H + SO 4 2- , OH- HNO 3 (aq) HNO 3 H + + NO 3 - H 2 O H + + OH-
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6. Position of the ions in the electrochemical series The figure below shows an idealized drawing of a cell in which an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is electrolyzed Na 2 SO 4 OH- O 2 (g) SO 4 2- H + Na +
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9. Nature of the Electrode Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Cuprum Sulphate: Carbon Electrode Cuprum Sulphate Solution Carbon Electrode Anode Cathode
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11. Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Cuprum Sulphate: Cuprum Electrode Cuprum sulphate Solution Cuprum Electrode cathode Anode
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13. Concentration of the Ions in Solution KI dilute O 2 (g) Electrode Carbon Electrode Carbon OH- Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Dilute Potassium Iodide K + I- H +
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15. Electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Concentrated Potassium Iodide Electrode Carbon Electrode Carbon KI I- I 2 (g) H + OH- K +
18. Anode Cathode Electrolyte Electrode Attracted Ion Ionized Ion Product Attracted Ion Ionized Ion Product NaCl (aq) Dilute Carbon Ions Cl-, OH- Ion OH- O 2 gas Ions Na + , H + Ion H + H 2 gas KCL (aq) Concentrated Carbon Ions Cl-, OH- Ion Cl- Cl 2 gas Ions K + , H + Ion H + H 2 gas CuBr 2 (aq) Dilute Carbon Ions Br-, OH- Ion OH- O 2 gas Ions Cu 2+ , H + Ion Cu 2+ Copper metal AgBr 2 (aq) Concentrated Carbon Ions Br-, OH- Ion Br- Br 2 gas Ion Ag + , H + Ion Ag + Argentum metal NiCl 2 (aq) Dilute Nikel Ions Cl-, OH- Metal nikel erode Ion Ni 2+ Ion Ni 2+ , H + Ion H + H 2 gas