Lecture 4: Liquid,
Injection and
Semisolid dosage
forms
Department of Medical Pharmacy 2023
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Outline
Prescription for Liquid Prescription for
Semisolid
Cases

Overview
Liquid Dosage Form
Solution
Emulsion
Suspension
Gargle
Syrup
Dry Syrup
Drops
Injection/Parentheral drug
Semisolid Dosage Form
Ointment
Cream
Gel
Pasta/paste

Dosage Form of Liquid Medicines
• 1. Solutio = solution
• 2. Mixtura = mixture of several
liquids
• 3. Mixtura agitanda = mixture
containing active ingredients that are
insoluble
• 4. Syrup
• 5. Suspension
• 6. Emulsion
• 7. Drops
• 8. Injection and infusion

Solutio
• A clear, homogeneous liquid preparation, made by dissolving
one or more types of drug in a solvent, is intended for internal
medicine, external medicine or introduced into the body cavity.

Example of
writing a recipe
for solutio
Solutio permanganas is not
available in finished drug form
in pharmacies
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_______________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Solutio KMnO4 1:10.000 300 mL
S pro kompres
_____________________________paraf
Pro: Tn. Abdi
Umur: 20 tahun
Dokter : dr. Sinta
SIP No. 3547856

Example of writing a
rectal solution recipe
• Rectal Diazepam dose of 0.5
mg/kgBW/times
• Dosage:
• 18 kg x 0,5 mg/kgBW/times
• 9 mg/times
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Diazepam rectal sol 10 mg/ml tube 2,5 ml No. II
S 1 dd tube 1 prn kejang demam
_____________________________tanda tangan
Pro: An. Sari
Umur: 5 tahun; 18 Kg
Alamat: Jl Ceria No 10
Dokter : dr. Sinta
SIP No. 3547856

GARGARISMA =
GARGLE
• Preparations in the form of solutions used for
prevention or treatment of throat infections
• Purpose: the medicine contained in the mouthwash
can be directly exposed to the mucous membrane of
the throat
• ETIQUETTE
• 1. Instructions are diluted before being given (kocok
dahulu).
• 2. Only for gargling, not swallowed

Example:
• Zinci chloredi: astringent and neutralizes odors
• Example: listerine
• Clorhexidine Glucoronat (antiseptic for gingivitis)
• Example: Minosep
• Povidone Iodine 1%
• Example: Betadine mouthwash
• Oleum mentae piperitae = candy oil, flavored korigen &
weak anesthesia of tongue papillae
• Example: Colgate plax

Example of writing a mouthwash prescription
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Obat kumur Listerine fl 250 ml No. I
S 3 garg I (10 ml) prn halitosis
_____________________________paraf
Pro: Tn Amir
Umur: 30 tahun
Dokter : dr. Tawa
SIP No. 11335577

SYRUP = SIRUPUS
• The syrup is an oral dosage form that contains high
concentrations of sucrose or other sugar, so it tastes
sweet.
• This dosage form such as solutio also dissolves
completely.
• The syrup dosage form is packaged in bottles, or the
Latin word is called flask (abbreviated as fl).
• The syrup dosage form is generally accompanied by
a measuring spoon/ spoon of medicine (Cochlear
originale = C. Orig) with a volume of 5 mL. The
spoon has a 5 ml and 2.5 mL marking line.

Corig Syrup

Example of writing a syrup prescription
• Ambroxol for children 1,2-1,6 mg
/ kg body weight per day divided
into 2-3 doses.
• Dosage:
• 20 kg x 1,2-1,6 mg/kg BW/day
• 24 – 32 mg/day
• 12 – 16 mg/times. 2 times
• Or 8 – 10,6 mg/times, 3 times
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Sirup Ambroxol 15 mg/5 ml 60 ml fl No. I
S 2 Corig I prn batuk
_____________________________paraf
Pro: An Budi
Umur: 6 tahun (20 kg)
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

DRY SYRUP
• Is a mixture of drugs + sucrose must be dissolved in
a certain amount of water.
• Purpose: durable in storage
• Example:
• Amoxan syrup: amoxicillin trihydrate 125 mg /
15 ml; 250 mg / 5 ml,
• ampicillin syrup: ampicillin trihydrate; 125 mg /
5 ml,
• erysanbe syrup: erythromycin ethyl succinate,
erythromycin; 200 mg / 5 ml

Example of writing a dry syrup prescription
• Amoxicillin 25-50 mg / kg BW / day
divided into 3 doses
• Dosage:
• 25 kg x 25-50 mg/kgBW/day
• 625 - 1250 mg/day
• 208 – 417 mg/times
• quantity required:
• Volume per times x frequency x
length
• 10 mL x 3 x 5
• 150 mL/60 ml = 3 botol
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/Sirup Amoksisilin 125 mg/5 mL 60 mL fl No. II
S 3 dd C orig II pc selama 5 hari
______________________________________paraf
Pro: An Wayan
Umur: 8 tahun (25 kg)
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

Suspension
Preparation
• This liquid dosage form contains solid particles
which are dispersed in the solvent with the help of a
suspending agent.
• Example: suspension antacid (Mylanta). Suspension
antacids are available in generic forms which are
included in the National List of Essential Medicines.

Example of prescription for suspension drug
• Adults: 1-2 measuring spoons (5-
10 mL) 3-4 times a day.
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Suspensi Mylanta fl 150ml No. I
S 3 dd Corig I prn sakit maag kocok terlebih dahulu
_________________________________________paraf
Pro: Nn Ana
Umur: 22 tahun
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

Emulsion
• This dosage form consists of two phases containing
at least two immiscible liquids, one of which
(internal or dispersed phase) is dispersed in the
other liquid (external or continuous phase): a
mixture of oil and water.

Example of writing an
emulsion prescription
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Scott's emulsion fl No. I
S 1 dd C Orig I
_________________________________________para
f
Pro: An Rina
Umur: 10tahun
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

DROPS
• Drops are liquid dosage forms that are given in a
small volume by dropping.
• Drops can be used for oral (oral drops) OR topical:
eye drops, ear drops, and nose drops.
• Like syrup, drops are packaged in bottles (flask, fl).
• Drops can be given directly from the bottle or
through a tool, namely a dropper.

Example of writing a
prescription for oral drops
• Dosage:
• 4 kg x 25-50 mg/kgBW/day
• 100 – 200 mg/day
• 33 – 67 mg/times
• quantity required:
• Volume per times x frequency x
length
• 0.4 mL x 3 x 5
• 6 mL/15 mL = 0.4 botol
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Amoksan Drops 100 mg/ml fl 15 No. I
S 3 dd 0,4 mL pc selama 5 hari
________________________________________paraf
Pro: An Sari
Umur: 4 bulan, BB: 4 Kg
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

Example of writing a prescription for oral drops
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Kandistatin Drops 100.000 IU fl No. I
S 4 dd 4 mL selama 5 hari
_________________________________________paraf
Pro: An Sari
Umur: 4 bulan, BB: 4 Kg
Dokter : dr. Nyaman
SIP No. 88889999

Example of writing a prescription for topical drops
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Tetes Mata Erlamycetin fl 5 ml No. I
S 3 dd gtt I ODS
_________________________________________para
f
Pro: Tn Abdi
Umur: 40 tahun
Dokter : dr. Jernih
SIP No. 15151515
ODS : Jika kedua mata maka dapat ditulis
dengan o.d.s (oculo dextro et sinistro)

Injection Drug
• On the injection drug package, the drug content will be written.
• The concentration can be in grams (g) in mL volume or in percentage (%).
• If the content is written in %, it means grams in 100 mL (g/100mL =
10mg/mL)
For example: injection of 2% lidocaine in 2 mL ampoules, there are 2
grams in 100 mL of solvent or 20 mg / ml.
So in one ampoule of lidocaine there is 20 mg / ml x 2 mL, which is 40 mg.
If 10 mg of lidocaine will be given, only 10 mg: 20 mg / ml is injected,
namely 0.5 mL (1 ampoule is needed to be discarded).

Example of
writing injection
drug
prescriptions
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 1642
________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Injeksi lidokain 2% ampul 2 ml No I
S pro injeksi
________________________________________paraf
R/ Spuit 3 Cc No I
S pro injeksi
________________________________________paraf
Pro: Ny Wati
Umur: 40 tahun
Dokter : drg. Gigi Kuat
SIP No. 6667777

Semisolid Dosage Form
• Semisolid dosage forms are defined as preparations containing
one or more active ingredients dissolved or evenly dispersed in
a suitable base (vehicle) and auxiliary substances.
• The auxiliary materials may consist of emulsifiers, viscosity
enhancers, antimicrobials, antioxidants, or stabilizers.
• Semisolid preparations are widely used topical preparations for
external use on the skin.
• Semisolid preparations are widely available in generic and
patent forms, but doctors often prescribe semisolid
“concoctions” that are commonly used.

Signature in Semisolid Dosage
Form
• S.u.e and applic part dol are Latin terms commonly used in
the preparation of semisolid preparations.
• S. u. e stands for “signa usus externus” which means sign for
external medicine, usually later marked with a tag on the
semisolid preparation packaging which is blue in color.
• While applic part dol stands for “applican parta dolente”
which means applied to the affected part.

Common Semisolid Dosage Form
• Oitment/Salep is a semisolid dosage form that may or may not contain
drugs. Non-medicated ointments are often referred to as ointment
bases (vehicles) and are used as carriers in the preparation of
medicated ointments. The content of the medicinal ingredients in the
ointment is generally a maximum of 10%.
• Pasta/Paste is a medicinal dosage form such as ointment where the
percentage of solid ingredients is more than 10%, as a result the paste is
thicker and stiffer than ointment. Because of the high percentage of
solids, the absorption of the paste is generally greater and less fatty
than ointments made with the same components. The paste is
protective and drying so it can be indicated for mildly wet dermatoses.

Common Semisolid Dosage Form
• CREAM is a semisolid dosage form containing one or more
active substances which are dispersed in a dispersing
medium and form an emulsion. Emulsifier is usually used to
maintain the stability of the cream emulsion.
• GEL is a semisolid dosage form where the active substance
is dispersed in a liquid with the addition of a gelling agent.
The basic ingredients used are water soluble with the aim
that the concentration on the skin surface is higher and
limits absorption into the skin,

Example of writing an Ointment
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
___________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Salep Kenalog in Orabase 0,1% tube 5 gram No I
S 2 dd applic part dol
_________________________________________paraf
Pro: Ny Wati
Umur: 40 tahun
Dokter : drg. Gigi Kuat
SIP No. 6667777

Example of writing an Gel
Puskesmas Kecamatan Sehat
Jl. Sentosa No.1
Depok 16421
_____________________________________________
Depok, 20 April 2015
R/ Gel Aloclair tube 8 ml No I
S 2 dd applic part dol
_________________________________________paraf
Pro: Ny Nina
Umur: 27 tahun
Dokter : drg. Gigi Kuat
SIP No. 6667777

Kasus
1. Anak Ayu usia 5 thn, BB = 18 kg. Sejak 3 hari yang
lalu mengeluh sakit gigi dan bengkak pipi kanan. PF:
suhu 38,8◦ C. M1 berlubang dan hiperimis. Ayu
menderita periodentis M1 dekstra.
• Tuliskan resep lengkap untuk anak Ayu, jika anda
sebagai dokter akan memberikan obat antibiotik
dan antidemam-antinyeri dalam bentuk sirup!
3. Anda adalah seorang dokter gigi di Puskesmas Bersih
Cemerlang, Jl. Depok No. 2. Sebelum melakukan
prosedur ekstraksi gigi pada Ny.Nira, anda akan
menyuntikkan anastesi lokal Lidokain pada pasien
tersebut. Berapa volume (ml) injeksi Lidokain HCL yang
akan disuntikkan kepada pasien Ny. Nira?
• Diketahui: Lidokain HCL (5-10mg/x), 1% dan 2%
dalam ampul 2 ml
2. Anda adalah seorang dokter gigi di Puskesmas
Bersih Cemerlang, Jl. Depok No. 2. Ny. Imas
datang ke puskesmas anda dengan keluhan
sariawan dan mulut berbau. Setelah Ny Imas
diperiksa, diputuskan akan diberikan resep obat
sebagai berikut
• solutio antiseptik untuk obat kumur, obat
antiradang topikal untuk mulut dan gusi.
• Diketahui:
• solusio klorhexadin glukonat 0,2%, 4x sehari,
botol 30,40 dan 120 ml
• salep triamsinolon asetonid, oleskan pada lesi 2-
3x sehari, tube 5 gram (Kenalog orabase
ointment)

Thank you