a brief presentation on group work, its definition and phases. prepared for social work students and lectures.

1. Social Group Work

2. Enrichment
of Human
life
Group Work
Community
Organization
Case Work
Babu.M.T-

3. • Social work practice is a wider profession.
• The promotion of social welfare of individuals
and groups in the community are considered
as the main objectives .
• ‘Alms giving’ in initial stage.
• Its growth to wider, more professional
oriented services
• Including variety of individuals and
topics/problems
Babu.M.T-

4. • Group Work over a wide range of problems
from individual to community
• It may deals with healthy, to capable leaders
to work with the sick and rejected.
Babu.M.T-

5. Werner Boehm
• Restoration
• Prevention
• Provision of services
• it is a method of social work .
• The components are person in the group, the
group and the problem
Babu.M.T-

6. • In group work , worker tries to mobiles the
strength of social group and to bring change
• to develop the abilities ,
• modify self image & perspective
• Resolve client and to inculcate new pattern
of behavior
Babu.M.T-

7. • It is a conscious attempt to help people to
become more effective in group situation and
to find common interests and mutual
satisfaction in doing so.
• What is mean by a social group?
Babu.M.T-

8. • ‘A social group is given aggregate of people
playing interrelated roles and recognized by
themselves or others as a unit of interaction’.
• What do you know about group???
• discuss
Babu.M.T-

9. Types of Groups
Formal Groups Informal Groups
Command Task Committees
Interest & Friendship Cliques Sub Cliques
Syles Classification of groups
Apathetic Groups Interest & FriendshipStrategic GroupsConservative Grou

10. Babu.M.T-

11. Social Group Work Definition

12. • Can be discussed based on the function
• what social worker do with groups
• See ‘“The group worker enables various types
of groups to function in such a way that both
group interaction and programme activities
contribute to the growth of the individual, and
the achievement of the desirable social
goal.(American Association of Group
Workers ,1949) .
Babu.M.T-

13. • As an educational process generally carried as
on in leisure time with voluntary groups with
the aid of a group leader under the auspice of
an agency for the satisfaction of the social
needs of individuals and for the development
of legitimate group goals.
• Group work is a method of group leadership
used in organizing and conducting various
types of group activities
Babu.M.T-

14. • Giselle Konopka defines
• Group work as “a method of social work which
helps individuals to enhance their social
functioning through purposeful group
experiences and to cope more effectively with
their personal, group and community problems.”
• Marjorie Murphy (1959) defined social group
work as "enhancement of person's social
functioning through purposeful group
experiences."
•
Babu.M.T-

15. • “Social group work is a method in social work
through which individuals in many groups in a
variety of community agencies settings are
helped by a worker who guides their
interaction in program activities so that they
may relate themselves to others and
experience growth opportunities in
accordance with their needs and capacities to
the end of individual, group and community
development” (Trecker 1955)
Babu.M.T-

16. • Allan Brown says “group work provides a
context in which individuals help each other; it
is a method of helping groups as well as
helping individuals; and it can enable
individuals and groups to influence and
change personal, group, and organizational
and community problems.”
Babu.M.T-

17. • Toseland and Rivas (2001) defined group work
as
• "goal directed activity with small groups of
people aimed at meeting socio emotional
needs and accomplishing tasks. The
activity is directed at individual members of a
group and to the group as a whole within a
system of social service delivery."
Babu.M.T-

18. • The term groupwork is also used to describe a
context for practice, where social work
practice is conducted in groups. (Doel, 2000.
p.148)
Babu.M.T-

19. • According to Staub-Bernasconi (1991), social
work with groups have at least three
meanings; (a) work within the group because
it is the richest resource system for problem
solving and help for its members; (b) work
with a group, whose structure and process are
the main subjective or objective problem
area; and (c) work with groups as an
instrument to reach goals outside the group in
another social system.
Babu.M.T-

20. Purpose of Group Work

21. • To teach the individuals to live and work together
and to participate in the activities of a group for
their intellectual, emotional and physical growth
• To solve problems of adjustment by development
of individual's personality through the group
process.
• To prepare the individuals to learn to share
responsibility in working of democracy as active
citizens of the country .
Babu.M.T-

22. • To give opportunity to those who have
potentialities of leadership.
• To make best use of leisure time of the people
• To learn division of labour and specialization of
roles.
• To provide a substitute for family in institutions
and in industrial towns in order to get emotional
security and an opportunity for adjustment with
secondary group.
• To prepare the people for social change.
Babu.M.T-

23. Attributes of Social Work
• 1) Values
• 2) Purpose
• 3) Sanction
• 4) Knowledge
• 5) Method
Babu.M.T-

24. • Group work values are the same as the generic
values of social work. Gisela Konopka describes
the three humanistic concerns of group work.
• (i) individuals are of inherent worth.
• (ii) people are mutually responsible for each
other;
• (iii) people have the fundamental right to
experience mental health brought about by social
and political conditions that support their
fulfillment.
Babu.M.T-

25. The aim of group work
Alan Brown (1992).
• a) Individual assessment
• b) Individual support and maintenance
• c) Individual change
• d) Educational, Information-giving and training
groups
• e) Leisure/ Compensatory groups for recreation &
enjoyment.
• f) mediation between individuals and social
systems.
Babu.M.T-

26. • group change and/or support Environment
change Groups formed to demand facilities
and services from government and non
governmental organizations.
• i) Social change. These groups raise the
consciousness of the members, organize them
and help them fight unjust structure in the
society.
Babu.M.T-

27. • Group work is used in various settings of social
work
• health settings, school settings, industries,
families and child agencies, de-addiction
centres, communities, homes of elderly and
juvenile reform centres
Babu.M.T-

28. • In India, group work is suggested as a separate
paper in UGC model curriculum. Most
universities and colleges teach group work as
a method in India
Babu.M.T-

29. Group Work Models

30. • Social Goals Model:
– Designed to bring about important social gains for
the group.
– It is likely to address itself to problems within
communities and is practiced in settlement
houses, P.T.A. organizations, and community
service and neighborhood councils.
– Model has been used in addressing social
problems accompanying community development
and growth.
Babu.M.T-

31. Social Group Models
• The Remedial Model:
– Tends to be clinically oriented.
– Facilitates the interaction among members of the
group to achieve change for the individual.
– The group supports the member, encouraging
new, more appropriate modes of functioning.
– Intervention is reality focused and addresses the
problem of dysfunction in the group and within
the full range of the individual’s relationships.
Babu.M.T-

32. Social Group Models
• The Reciprocal Model:
– Serves both the individual and society.
– Sees the individual largely as an abstraction that can be
studied, understood, and treated only in relation to the
many systems and subsystems of which they are a part.
– It views the individual as being created, influenced, and
modified by their relationships, social institutions, and the
interdependency between society and the individual.
Babu.M.T-

33. Development of Group Work

34. • Social group work is concerned with the social
development of individuals.
• Many Agencies ad different settings applying
and practices social group work
• The development of this profession before
the definition
• American Origin
Babu.M.T-

35. Americanization
 Early efforts in group work was mainly
directed towards Americanization.
Assimilation of the immigrants from various
culture to their own culture
 Nationalization, political participation,
Babu.M.T-

36. Prevention of Juvenile delinquency
• One of the strong aim developed in the
practice of group work
• “ taking children off the street” and placing
them in ‘relatively harmless activity’ was the
task
• issues of ‘slum children’
Babu.M.T-

37. Religious philanthropy
• Many of the organization promoted group
work in earlier days tried to promote
religious activities.
• ‘ as means of saving souls’, of preserving
morality
• Religiously inspired group work not
disappeared YMCA, YWCA,
Babu.M.T-

38. Recreational interests
• In the beginning state many of the persons
attracted to the group work was mainly
because of the influence of the leader or
activity
• Recreation and society is relevant
Babu.M.T-

39. Recent aims
• Modern society-and emergence of new trend
s like secularism reduced the religious
motives of group work
• New preventive topics were emerged against
the group work approaches to juvenile
delinquency.
• Spread all over the world from American
culture.
Babu.M.T-

40. • Stress on Personality- from activities
• a more integrated philosophy of group work
is emerged.
• Contribution of Sociologists and Psychologists
• the concept of primary group by sociologists
contributed to Group work concentration
from mass to small. Individual & character
formation.
Babu.M.T-

41. • Types of leadership-the activities are decided
by the by the leader.
• “ military academy philosophy”
• Authoritarian Form of leadership to
democratic leadership
Babu.M.T-

42. Trends in Group work
• Employment opportunities
• Research and group work
• Group work & aged
Babu.M.T-

43. Group Therapy
• Its application is increasing
• closely related with grop work even if it is
not intrinsic in group work
• To remove the abnormal social relations
• different types of group therapies are
widely used
• activity group therapy- Samuel R Salvon
Babu.M.T-

44. • What is the idea u know about the group work
and its origin?
• what is the contribution made by America in
Group work?
Babu.M.T-

45. Babu.M.T-

46. Babu.M.T-

47. Stages or Phases in
Group Work

48. • Groups are considered as the essential
component in Social life.
• Group life- if it is implemented or fulfilled in
its full structure may fulfill the vacuum of
isolation in life.
• from the initial stage to termination a group
move through various stage of development.
Babu.M.T-

49. • Group development can be understood as the
growth and progress of a group towards full
maturity over a period of time with primary
focus on the relationships in the group .
• A group reaches to maturity through guided
group experiences
• a better environment ensure better group
development (siddiquie 2008)
Babu.M.T-

50. indicators
• Group attendance
• Punctuality
• Definite meeting time
• Development of
formed organization.
• Initiative to undertake
responsibility.
• Increased innovation
and motivation
• controlled behavior
• Emergence of proper
leadership
• Shift from “I” and “me”
to “we” and “ us”
Babu.M.T-

51. Phases in group Development
• It is considered as the stages or phases
• A group pass through various stages
• From initial stage to end -
• characterized by anonymity to cooperation
• stages and activities are directly related
• Stages provides structure and direction to
the process of group development.
Babu.M.T-

52. • Even if we separately discuss stages in
different names practically all these are
intertwined
• The role of grop worker –Two
• Building and sustaining relationship and
working on the tasks at achieving goals.
Babu.M.T-

53. Phases
Bales(1950) Tuckman
(1963)
Klein(1972) Trecker
(1972)
Garland
jones&
Kolondney
(1976)
Northern
(2001)
Orientation Forming Orientation Beginning Pre-
affiliation
Inclusion-
Orientation
Evaluation Storming Resistance Emergence
of group
feeling
Power and
Control
Uncertainty
exploration
Decision
making
Norming Negotiation Developmen
t of Bond
Intimacy
Performing Intimacy Strong
group
Differentiati
on
Mutuality
and Goal
achievemen
t
Adjourning Termination Decline in
gp feeling
Separation Separation-
Termination
Babu.M.T-

54. • On the basis of the classification we can
discuss mainly five stages with regard to group
development
Babu.M.T-

55. Termination
Assessment
Performing
Exploration
Forming
Babu.M.T-

56. Stage-1
• Provides opportunity for a satisfying group
life.
• Individual attracts to groups to seek avenues
for self expression and social creativity.
• being loved , accepted by others are some
other factors affect the people
• Here the group worker focusing on planning
and forming of the group
Babu.M.T-

57. • Some experts say about this stage as pre
affiliation stage or pre- group stage
• A proper palling has to be done by the worker
. If s/he is appointed as the worker.
Babu.M.T-

58. Steps
• Size of the group,
• composition of the group
• Frequency of the session,
• time and place of the meeting,
• duration of the group
Babu.M.T-

59. Stage- 2
• This phases is defined as the phases of beginning
of the we feeling and belongingness.
• Tuckman defined this stage as storming or discuss
exploration.
• there may be shyness, hesitation, indecisions,&
lack of participation.
• some members may be hyper active, some may
be insecure, and nervous because of lack of
group experience in past.
• Semblance of order has to be restored so as to
ensure a free flow ideas and actions.
Babu.M.T-

60. Steps in the stage
• Orientation and induction
• Preparation of the profile of the members
• Setting specific obcjectives
• Developing a structure
Babu.M.T-

61. Stage -3
• Performing( action phase)
• After few session the group moves to become
dynamic and vibrant.
• The signs of group development starts and
that phases is known as performing stage.
• Implementation of programme for growth and
adjustment.
• Short term and long term. Programme
Babu.M.T-

62. • Peak time in the group process.
• Because the members starts talking the group
seriously.
• The sessions become regular
• High attendance is another signs
• Involvement and participation
Babu.M.T-

63. steps
• Programme planning& execution
• Task accomplishment
• Monitoring progress.
Babu.M.T-

64. Stage-4 Assessment
• After the action phase , the group should be
ready to evaluate the outcome of its efforts in a
free, frank nad objective manner.
• Here the worker attempts to measure the
quality of a groups experience in relations to the
objectives and functions of the agency.
• Individual growth, programme content, all will be
evaluated (Trecker)
• Comprehensive assessment at the end and
continues evaluation
Babu.M.T-

65. Imperatives in evaluation
• Individual growth
• Worker performance
• Agency’s purpose
• Record Keeping
• Feedback-+ ve should be given first
• Specific,crticism as suggestive alternative
• Prepare format.
Babu.M.T-

66. Stage-5 Termination
• ‘end’ it is common fact and .
• The group is terminated on a positive note.
• Or with a negative note.
Babu.M.T-

67. • Planned ending
• Final evaluation
• How far they are successful in accomplishing
group goals and failures
• opportunity to express their happiness,
anxiety ,fear etc.
• Discuss their future plan
Babu.M.T-

68. Conclusion
• A careful planning
• Role members and worker
• Agency’s role
• Changing situation and orientation in eacj
stage.
Babu.M.T-