Chemical analysis data of water samples can not be used directly for understanding. They are to be used for various calculations in order to determine the quality parameters that have a lot of significances. A. Balasubramanian and D. Nagaraju, of the Department of Studies in Earth Science, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India have recently brought out a software and its application manual as a good book for reference and execution. The Name of the software is WATCHIT meaning Water Chemistry Interpretation Techniques. This software computes more than 100 parameters pertaining to water quality interpretations. The software follows its own method of approach to determine the required results. Systems International Units are used. Limited input parameters are required. This is suitable for all scientific research, government water quality data interpretations and for understanding the quality of water before using it.

1. WATCHIT.EXEWATCHIT.EXE
W Ch I T hW Ch I T hWater Chemistry Interpretation TechniquesWater Chemistry Interpretation Techniques
•• ByByByBy
•• Prof. A.Prof. A. BalasubramanianBalasubramanian &&
•• Prof. D.Prof. D. NagarajuNagaraju
•• Dept of Studies in Earth ScienceDept of Studies in Earth Science•• Dept. of Studies in Earth Science,Dept. of Studies in Earth Science,
•• Centre for Advanced Studies,Centre for Advanced Studies,
•• University of Mysore, IndiaUniversity of Mysore, India

2. Water is the most precious gift,
of mother nature

3. It is a universalIt is a universal
solvent.

4. Because of its unique characteristicsBecause of its unique characteristics
• the physico‐chemical properties vary p y p p y

5. With reference to snow‐melt waterWith reference to snow melt water

6. River waterRiver water

7. Lake waterLake water

8. GroundwaterGroundwater

9. Estuarine waters in coastal areasEstuarine waters in coastal areas

10. Also in oceanic water massesAlso in oceanic water masses.

11. The physical properties, and chemical constituents, mainly The physical properties, and chemical constituents, mainly
t l th t lit tt l th t lit tcontrol the water quality parameters.control the water quality parameters.

12. During the last hundred years, scientific studies have been carried During the last hundred years, scientific studies have been carried
i h lii h liout , with many water quality parameters. out , with many water quality parameters.

13. Only a few popularly known parameters are used, by Only a few popularly known parameters are used, by
h h fh h fthe researchers, very often.the researchers, very often.

14.  A detailed study, conducted at the University of Mysore, has
given the spectrum of various application indices, that are g p pp ,
more than hundred.

15. The outcome is the development of a The outcome is the development of a
h i li ti fth i li ti ftcomprehensive application softwarecomprehensive application software

16. WATCHITWATCHITWATCHITWATCHIT
PROF.A.BALASUBRAMANIAN & PROF.D.NAGARAJU, PROF.A.BALASUBRAMANIAN & PROF.D.NAGARAJU,
DEPTOF EARTH SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE INDIADEPTOF EARTH SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE INDIADEPT.OF EARTH SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE, INDIADEPT.OF EARTH SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE, INDIA

17. WATCHIT.EXEWATCHIT.EXE
•• It is a QB 64, directly executable,It is a QB 64, directly executable,
ttcomputer program.computer program.

18. It is very much useful to all researchers,It is very much useful to all researchers,y ,y ,
scientists , working with major ion waterscientists , working with major ion water
chemistry datachemistry datachemistry data.chemistry data.

19. It is a simple software, developed to It is a simple software, developed to
d h ld h ldetermine more than 100 water quality determine more than 100 water quality
parameters. parameters.

20. It computes parameters like,
•• Ionic Balance and Permissible error , Ionic Balance and Permissible error ,
•• Theoretical Electrical Conductivity and TDS, Theoretical Electrical Conductivity and TDS,
•• Total Soluble Total Soluble CationsCations & Anions,& Anions,
•• Ionic concentrations as Ca CO3, Ionic concentrations as Ca CO3,
Ionic Strength of e er ion and the hole sampleIonic Strength of e er ion and the hole sample•• Ionic Strength, of every ion , and the whole sample, Ionic Strength, of every ion , and the whole sample,
•• Activity Coefficients of various ionsActivity Coefficients of various ions

21. WATCHIT computes the
S i I di fSaturation Indices of
•• Calcium Chloride , Aragonite , Calcite , CalciumCalcium Chloride , Aragonite , Calcite , Calcium, g , ,, g , ,
Nitrate, Dolomite, Huntite, Anhydrite,Nitrate, Dolomite, Huntite, Anhydrite,
potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate,potassium Chloride, Potassium Nitrate,
Potassium Carbonate Potassium BicarbonatePotassium Carbonate Potassium BicarbonatePotassium Carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate ,Potassium Carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate ,
MagnesiteMagnesite, Magnesium Nitrate, Magnesium, Magnesium Nitrate, Magnesium
Chloride, Magnesium Bicarbonate , MagnesiumChloride, Magnesium Bicarbonate , Magnesium
S l h t S di Chl id S di Bi b tS l h t S di Chl id S di Bi b tSulphate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate,Sulphate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate,
Sodium Nitrate and Disodium Carbonate,Sodium Nitrate and Disodium Carbonate,
•• and the effect of Temperature on the Solubilityand the effect of Temperature on the Solubilityand the effect of Temperature on the Solubilityand the effect of Temperature on the Solubility
of all the above said mineral species.of all the above said mineral species.

22. WATCHIT, also computes the
parameters including
•• Corrosivity Ratio, Base Exchange Index,Corrosivity Ratio, Base Exchange Index,
R id l S di C b tR id l S di C b t•• Residual Sodium Carbonate,Residual Sodium Carbonate,
•• Total Hardness , Carbonate Hardness ,Total Hardness , Carbonate Hardness ,
•• NonNon--carbonate Hardness,carbonate Hardness,
•• Permeability IndexPermeability IndexPermeability Index ,Permeability Index ,
•• Pollution Index, Chloroalkaline IndicesPollution Index, Chloroalkaline Indices

23. ParametersParameters
•• Mechanisms controlling Water Chemistry,Mechanisms controlling Water Chemistry,Mechanisms controlling Water Chemistry,Mechanisms controlling Water Chemistry,
•• Handa'sHanda's Hardness, Salinity and sodium hazard,Hardness, Salinity and sodium hazard,
•• Schoeller's Water TypeSchoeller's Water Type•• Schoeller s Water Type,Schoeller s Water Type,
•• Piper's Hydrochemical Facies,Piper's Hydrochemical Facies,
St f d' Cl ifi ti fSt f d' Cl ifi ti f F iF i•• Stuyfzand's Classification ofStuyfzand's Classification of FaciesFacies,,
•• Significant Environment of Water,Significant Environment of Water,
•• USSL Salinity & Sodium hazard,USSL Salinity & Sodium hazard,
•• Alkalinity of water,Alkalinity of water,yy

24. ParametersParametersParametersParameters
•• CaCO3 Saturation Index by 7CaCO3 Saturation Index by 7yy
Methods ,Methods ,
•• Solubility of CO2,Solubility of CO2,yy
•• Acid Neutralising Capacity,Acid Neutralising Capacity,
•• Sodium Adsorption RatioSodium Adsorption RatioSodium Adsorption Ratio,Sodium Adsorption Ratio,
•• Salinity Rating of Water,Salinity Rating of Water,
•• Salinity Impact of ChlorideSalinity Impact of Chloride•• Salinity Impact of Chloride,Salinity Impact of Chloride,
•• Impact of Residual Sodium Carbonate,Impact of Residual Sodium Carbonate,

25. ParametersParameters
•• Kelly's Ratio,Kelly's Ratio,y ,y ,
•• Magnesium Adsorption Ratio,Magnesium Adsorption Ratio,
•• Potential Salinity,Potential Salinity,Potential Salinity,Potential Salinity,
•• Exchangeable Sodium Percentage,Exchangeable Sodium Percentage,
•• Sodicity hazard and its Impact,Sodicity hazard and its Impact,Sodicity hazard and its Impact,Sodicity hazard and its Impact,
•• Soluble Sodium Percentage,Soluble Sodium Percentage,
•• Aggressiveness Index,Aggressiveness Index,Aggressiveness Index,Aggressiveness Index,
•• Ryznar Stability Index & its impact,Ryznar Stability Index & its impact,
•• Puckorius Index & its Significance,Puckorius Index & its Significance,Puckorius Index & its Significance,Puckorius Index & its Significance,

26. ParametersParameters
•• Larson Skold IndexLarson Skold Index•• Larson Skold Index,Larson Skold Index,
•• Oxidation Capacity of Water,Oxidation Capacity of Water,
•• Von Wirdum Ion Ratio,Von Wirdum Ion Ratio,
•• Lime dose requirement,Lime dose requirement,q ,q ,
•• Soda Ash dose requirement,Soda Ash dose requirement,
S lt I dS lt I d•• Salt IndexSalt Index

27. ParametersParameters
•• Sodium Dominance IndexSodium Dominance IndexSodium Dominance Index,Sodium Dominance Index,
•• NonNon--Marine concentrations of variousMarine concentrations of various
iiions,ions,
•• Adjusted Sodium Adsorption Ratio,Adjusted Sodium Adsorption Ratio,j p ,j p ,
•• Dissolved Inorganic Carbon,Dissolved Inorganic Carbon,
NN S S lt I i W t dS S lt I i W t d•• NonNon--Sea Salt Ions in Water andSea Salt Ions in Water and
•• Seawater Intrusion effect, if anySeawater Intrusion effect, if any..yy

28. This software provides all the outputThis software provides all the outputThis software, provides all the outputThis software, provides all the output
•• in the form of result filesin the form of result files•• in the form of result files,in the form of result files,
•• rough work files,rough work files,
•• Master table files,Master table files,
•• 227 Graphical plots and a host of227 Graphical plots and a host of•• 227 Graphical plots, and a host of ,227 Graphical plots, and a host of ,
statistical correlation analysis as output.statistical correlation analysis as output.
•• All scatter plots, are fitted with,All scatter plots, are fitted with,
regression equationsregression equations..g qg q

29. It is an allIt is an all--inin--one type of softwareone type of softwareIt is an allIt is an all inin one type of softwareone type of software
•• It is an allIt is an all--inin--one typeone typeIt is an allIt is an all inin one typeone type
of software in aboutof software in about
2600 KB memory2600 KB memory2600 KB memory.2600 KB memory.

30. It can handle at a time, a maximum of four seasons,It can handle at a time, a maximum of four seasons,
ithith tt 500 l d t f h500 l d t f hwithwith uptoupto 500 sample data, of each season500 sample data, of each season..

31. For exampleFor example
•• If there are 420+ water sample data of aIf there are 420+ water sample data of a•• If there are 420+ water sample data, of aIf there are 420+ water sample data, of a
district,district,
th i i ff th lt f 4650th i i ff th lt f 4650•• the processing gives off the results of 4650+the processing gives off the results of 4650+
pages in Microsoft Word, and the Roughpages in Microsoft Word, and the Rough
k d il b f h d f 11400k d il b f h d f 11400work details may be of the order of 11400+work details may be of the order of 11400+
pages in Microsoft Word.pages in Microsoft Word.

32. •• In any water resources department,In any water resources department,
of a Government or privateof a Government or privateof a Government or privateof a Government or private
Organisation,Organisation,
•• OR a consultant group,OR a consultant group,
•• the software WATCHIT can be usedthe software WATCHIT can be usedthe software WATCHIT , can be usedthe software WATCHIT , can be used
to interpret the results of everyto interpret the results of every
month water sample datamonth water sample datamonth water sample data.month water sample data.

33. WATCHITWATCHITWATCHITWATCHIT•• It helps in the generation ofIt helps in the generation of
extensive water quality reports,extensive water quality reports,
ofof

34. WatershedsWatershedsWatershedsWatersheds