1. EL102
LECTURE-6
-Indirect questions
-Present Perfect vc Present Perfect Continuous
-Use already, still , and yet with the Present
Perfect
-Use since and for with the Present Perfect and
Present Perfect Continuous

2. Indirect questions

3. Indirect questions
Indirect questions are questions within questions and statements.
Use them to ask something in a more polite manner or to express to
ideas in one sentence.
Example:
What is he doing here? + Do you know? = Do you know what he is doing here?
Wh question indirect questions
Why is he doing that? + I don’t know. = I don’t know why he is doing that.
Statement indirect questions

4. Indirect questions
The indirect questions can be part of a question or a statement and
they follow a statement order.
Forms to make indirect questions.
•Information question within questions
Direct question: What is the problem?
Indirect question: Can you tell me what the problem is?
Not: Can you tell me what is the problem?
• Yes-no questions within questions (use if or whether)
Direct question: Is the computer working?
Indirect question: Do you know if the computer is working?
Not: Do you know if is the computer working?

5. Absolutely. Right over
there. Can I ask you
what your name is?
Well, my name is
Dave. Nice to meet
you.
Excuse me. Do you
know where the copy
machine is?
Yes, I am Bob
Sanders. I am new
here.
First day on the job

6. I would like to know if I can
get a bigger office.
I want to know why the
previous person left.
I was wondering who fixes
the computers.
“Who fixes the
computers?”“Can I get a
bigger office?”
“Why did
the
previous
person
leave?”
Indirect Questions

7. Do you know whether the boss
likes practical jokes.
Would you mind telling me if
you have any more chocolate
donuts.
Indirect Yes / No Questions 1
Use if or whether in indirect yes/no
questions.
“Do you have any more
chocolate donuts?”
“Does the boss like
practical jokes?”

8. Indirect Yes / No Questions 2
Whether is more formal than if. We often use
whether or not to report yes/no questions.
Can you tell me whether or not I
can take a break. “Can I take a
break?”

9. Practice 1
1. “Does the company provide a car?” I have no idea…
2. “Can I have a company credit card?” Do you have an idea …
3. “Did he order a new computer?” Do you know …
Change the direct questions into
indirect questions. Use if,
whether, or whether or not.
I have no idea if the company provides a car.
Do you have an idea whether I can get a company credit
card.
Do you know whether or not he ordered a new computer?
“Do you like your new job?” Can you tell me…
Example:
Can you tell me if you like your new job.
Can you tell me whether you like your new job.

10. Do you know when the next office
party is.
I wonder how many copies I can
make. “How many copies
can I make?”
Wh- Questions 1
Use question words in indirect
wh- questions.
“When is the next office
party?”

11. Word Order 1
Use statement word order (subject + verb), not
question word order, for indirect yes/no questions.
“Can you turn off the
fax machine?”
Can you tell me if you can turn
off the fax machine.

12. Word Order 2
Use statement word order (subject + verb), not
question word order, for indirect wh- questions
about the predicate (usually the last part of the
sentence).
“Why do the meetings
last so long?”
Tell me why
the meetings lasts so long.

13. Word Order 3
Use statement word order (subject + verb), not
question word order, for indirect wh- questions about
the subject (usually the first part of the sentence).
“Who made
the coffee?”
Do you know who made the coffee.
Subject

14. Be Careful!
I wonder what
was the dress code.
If a direct question about the subject has the form
question word + be + noun, then the indirect question
has the form question word + noun + be.
“What is the
dress code?”the dress code was.

15. I wanted to know do I have
any new video games.any new video games.
if I had
Auxiliaries
In indirect questions, do not use the auxiliary do,
does, or did.
“Do you have any
new video games?”

16. He asked me if you could wake
him up in an hour ?
Punctuation
In indirect questions, do not end with a question
mark (end with a period).
“Could you wake
me up in an hour?”
.
?

17. Practice 2
1. “What’s the name of the company?” I don’t know…
2. “How many people work for the company?”I have no idea …
3. “How long has the boss worked in the office?”I wonder …
Change the direct questions
into indirect questions.
I don’t know what the name of the company is.
I have no idea how many people work for the company.
I wonder how long the boss has worked in the office.
“Where is my office?” Do you know…
Example:
Do you know where my office is.

18. Present perfect simple & continuous

19. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
FORM: have / has + past participle
USES:
1. LIFE EXPERIENCES
I’ve been to China
.
She’s ridden a horse.

20. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
ALREADY, JUST, STILL & YET
They’ve just left. (a short time ago)
I still haven’t finished it. (sth is that
hasn’t finished)
She’s already called her friend. (sth
has happened early)
They haven’t finished yet. (at any
time up to now)

21. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
It’s the best meal I’ve ever had.
It’s the first time he’s given a speech.
2. SUPERLATIVES & “THE FIRST,
SECOND, LAST TIME”, ETC

22. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
3. CONNECTION PAST & PRESENT
I’ve sprained my ankle, as you can see.
He’s lost his keys.

23. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
4. HOW LONG / FOR/ SINCE (NON-
ACTION VERBS:be, have, know, like, etc)
I’ve known Maria for 10 years.
They’ve had that car since 2007.

24. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
5. HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
How many books have you written?
I’ve spent too much money.

25. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
FORM: HAVE / HAS + BEEN + VERB + ING
USES:
1. “HOW LONG / FOR / SINCE” WITH ACTION
VERBS (action started in past & continues now)
She’s been travelling by bus for 5 years.
How long have you been feeling like this?

26. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
2. REPEATED ACTIONS, ESPECIALLY WITH TIME
EXPRESSIONS LIKE ALL DAY, RECENTLY, ETC
I have been arguing with my
husband lately.
The phone has been ringing all day.

27. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
3. CONTINUOUS ACTIONS THAT HAVE
JUST FINISHED (WITH RESULT IN THE
PRESENT)
He’s been running all day. He’s dead!
A: Look at your hands! They’re so filthy!
B: I know. I’ve been painting the living room.

28. SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?
With “How long?, For & Since” we can
use both. However, we prefer the
continuous for shorter, temporary
actions.
We’ve lived in London since 1980.
We’ve been living in London since
1980.
We’ve been staying in a hotel for the
last month.

29. SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
Emphasis on the RESULT of the
action
I’ve painted my living room.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
Emphasis on the DURATION of the
action
I’ve been painting my living room.

30. Use the verbs in brackets in present perfect
simple or continuous.
1. We can go home. We ………………… ...(mend) three
cars today.
2.We …………. ……………………(mend) cars since 1
o'clock and we aren't finished.
3. Fortunately, I ………….. …… (find) my credit
card. Here it is.
4. I ………………………………. (look for) my keys since
we came home. Where are they?!
Practice
have mended
have been mending
have found
have been looking for

31. 5. She ………………………. (make) puddings all day.
6.How many puddings …………… she…………. ? (eat)
7. What you …………………….? (do) You are so dirty!
8. Why are you crying? - I ……………………. (watch) a
film.
9. Joy ……………… (send) you a letter. Look!
10. I ………………………….. (clean) windows since lunch
time. It's so exhausting.
has been making
has made
have been doing
have been watching
has send
have been cleaning

32. Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?