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Teaching	
  and	
  Learning	
  Approaches	
  Chart	
  (v1)	
  	
  
	
  
	
   Whole	
  Class	
   Differentiation	
   Individualization	
   Personalization	
  
Instruction	
  
The	
  whole	
  class	
  receives	
  the	
  same	
  
instruction.	
  
Groups	
  of	
  learners	
  receive	
  different	
  
instruction.	
  	
  
Individual	
  learners	
  have	
  one-­‐to-­‐one	
  
instruction.	
  
Learners	
  choose	
  instruction	
  that	
  best	
  
supports	
  their	
  learning	
  with	
  teacher.	
  
Connecting	
  
Learning	
  	
  
Curriculum	
  is	
  used	
  as	
  is	
  or	
  is	
  
adapted	
  for	
  the	
  whole	
  class.	
  
Curriculum	
  is	
  adjusted	
  based	
  on	
  
different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners.	
  
Curriculum	
  is	
  connected	
  to	
  prior	
  
knowledge	
  of	
  individual	
  learners.	
  
Learners	
  drive	
  learning	
  by	
  connecting	
  to	
  
interests,	
  talents,	
  aspirations,	
  and	
  passions.	
  
Instructional	
  
Design	
  
Instructional	
  design	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  
the	
  curriculum	
  and	
  learning	
  needs	
  
of	
  the	
  whole	
  class.	
  
Instructional	
  design	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  
learning	
  needs	
  of	
  different	
  groups	
  
of	
  learners.	
  
Instructional	
  design	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  
learning	
  needs	
  of	
  individual	
  learners.	
  
Instructional	
  design	
  is	
  around	
  multiple	
  
learning	
  paths	
  co-­‐constructed	
  by	
  learners	
  
and	
  the	
  teacher.	
  	
  
Responsibility	
  
The	
  teacher	
  is	
  responsible	
  and	
  
accountable	
  for	
  delivering	
  
curriculum	
  to	
  the	
  whole	
  class.	
  	
  
The	
  teacher	
  is	
  responsible	
  for	
  a	
  
variety	
  of	
  instructional	
  methods	
  for	
  
different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners.	
  
The	
  teacher	
  is	
  responsible	
  for	
  
modifying	
  instruction	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  
needs	
  of	
  the	
  individual	
  learner.	
  
Learners	
  have	
  a	
  voice	
  and	
  choice	
  in	
  how	
  
they	
  learn	
  and	
  take	
  responsibility	
  for	
  what	
  
they	
  learn	
  with	
  the	
  teacher.	
  
Goals	
  and	
  
Objectives	
  
Learning	
  objectives	
  are	
  identified	
  
in	
  the	
  curriculum	
  with	
  the	
  whole	
  
class.	
  
Learning	
  objectives	
  are	
  identified	
  
and	
  addressed	
  with	
  different	
  groups	
  
of	
  learners.	
  
Specific	
  objectives	
  are	
  identified	
  and	
  
addressed	
  with	
  individuals	
  who	
  
receive	
  one-­‐on-­‐one	
  support.	
  
Learners	
  set,	
  monitor,	
  and	
  meet	
  goals	
  and	
  
benchmarks	
  along	
  their	
  learning	
  path	
  with	
  
guidance	
  from	
  the	
  teacher.	
  
Tools	
  and	
  
Resources	
  
Tools	
  and	
  resources	
  selected	
  by	
  
the	
  teacher	
  to	
  support	
  learning	
  
needs	
  of	
  the	
  whole	
  class.	
  
Tools	
  and	
  resources	
  are	
  selected	
  by	
  
teacher	
  to	
  support	
  learning	
  needs	
  of	
  
different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners.	
  
Tools	
  and	
  resources	
  are	
  selected	
  by	
  
teacher	
  to	
  support	
  the	
  learning	
  
needs	
  of	
  the	
  individual	
  learner.	
  
Learners	
  acquire	
  the	
  skills	
  to	
  select	
  and	
  use	
  
tools	
  and	
  resources	
  to	
  enhance	
  their	
  
learning	
  with	
  guidance	
  from	
  the	
  teacher.	
  
Support	
  
All	
  the	
  learners	
  in	
  the	
  class	
  refer	
  to	
  
the	
  teacher	
  for	
  their	
  learning.	
  	
  
Different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners	
  refer	
  to	
  
the	
  teacher	
  for	
  their	
  learning.	
  
Individual	
  learners	
  work	
  one-­‐on-­‐one	
  
with	
  teacher	
  to	
  support	
  learning.	
  
Learners	
  build	
  a	
  network	
  of	
  teachers,	
  peers,	
  
mentors,	
  and	
  advisors	
  to	
  support	
  learning.	
  
Mastery	
  
Mastery	
  of	
  content	
  and	
  skill	
  
development	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  grade	
  
level,	
  grades,	
  and	
  evidence	
  of	
  
learning	
  from	
  the	
  whole	
  class.	
  
Mastery	
  of	
  content	
  and	
  skill	
  
development	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  grade	
  level	
  
grades,	
  and	
  evidence	
  of	
  learning	
  
from	
  different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners.	
  
Mastery	
  of	
  content	
  and	
  skill	
  
development	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  grade	
  level,	
  
grades,	
  and	
  evidence	
  of	
  learning	
  
from	
  the	
  individual	
  learner.	
  
Learners	
  demonstrate	
  evidence	
  of	
  learning,	
  
mastery	
  of	
  content,	
  and	
  develop	
  skills	
  in	
  a	
  
competency-­‐based	
  system	
  for	
  an	
  authentic	
  
audience	
  with	
  support	
  of	
  the	
  teacher.	
  
Assessment	
  
and	
  Data	
  
The	
  same	
  assessments	
  and	
  data	
  
are	
  used	
  for	
  the	
  whole	
  class	
  to	
  
measure	
  if	
  there	
  is	
  or	
  is	
  not	
  
improvement	
  in	
  learning	
  to	
  modify	
  
instruction.	
  	
  
Multiple	
  assessments	
  and	
  data	
  are	
  
used	
  to	
  monitor	
  progress	
  and	
  
measure	
  if	
  there	
  is	
  or	
  is	
  not	
  
improvement	
  to	
  modify	
  instruction	
  
for	
  different	
  groups	
  of	
  learners.	
  
Specific	
  assessments	
  and	
  data	
  are	
  
used	
  to	
  monitor	
  progress	
  and	
  to	
  
measure	
  if	
  there	
  is	
  or	
  is	
  not	
  
improvement	
  in	
  learning	
  to	
  modify	
  
instruction	
  for	
  the	
  individual	
  learner.	
  
Learners	
  co-­‐design	
  assessments	
  and	
  refer	
  
to	
  data	
  with	
  the	
  teacher	
  to	
  monitor	
  
progress.	
  They	
  reflect	
  on	
  evidence	
  of	
  
learning	
  and	
  develop	
  skills	
  needed	
  to	
  
become	
  self-­‐directed	
  learners	
  with	
  agency.	
  
Teaching	
  and	
  Learning	
  Approaches	
  Chart	
  (v1)	
  by	
  Barbara	
  Bray	
  (2018)	
  is	
  licensed	
  under	
  a	
  Creative	
  CommonsAttribution-­‐NonCommercial-­‐NoDerivs	
  
3.0	
  Unported	
  License.	
  For	
  permission	
  to	
  use	
  chart	
  in	
  a	
  publication	
  or	
  to	
  make	
  changes	
  to	
  chart,	
  please	
  contact	
  Barbara	
  at	
  barbara.bray@gmail.com	
  

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Teaching and Learning Approaches chart (Bray, 2018)

  • 1. Teaching  and  Learning  Approaches  Chart  (v1)         Whole  Class   Differentiation   Individualization   Personalization   Instruction   The  whole  class  receives  the  same   instruction.   Groups  of  learners  receive  different   instruction.     Individual  learners  have  one-­‐to-­‐one   instruction.   Learners  choose  instruction  that  best   supports  their  learning  with  teacher.   Connecting   Learning     Curriculum  is  used  as  is  or  is   adapted  for  the  whole  class.   Curriculum  is  adjusted  based  on   different  groups  of  learners.   Curriculum  is  connected  to  prior   knowledge  of  individual  learners.   Learners  drive  learning  by  connecting  to   interests,  talents,  aspirations,  and  passions.   Instructional   Design   Instructional  design  is  based  on   the  curriculum  and  learning  needs   of  the  whole  class.   Instructional  design  is  based  on  the   learning  needs  of  different  groups   of  learners.   Instructional  design  is  based  on  the   learning  needs  of  individual  learners.   Instructional  design  is  around  multiple   learning  paths  co-­‐constructed  by  learners   and  the  teacher.     Responsibility   The  teacher  is  responsible  and   accountable  for  delivering   curriculum  to  the  whole  class.     The  teacher  is  responsible  for  a   variety  of  instructional  methods  for   different  groups  of  learners.   The  teacher  is  responsible  for   modifying  instruction  based  on  the   needs  of  the  individual  learner.   Learners  have  a  voice  and  choice  in  how   they  learn  and  take  responsibility  for  what   they  learn  with  the  teacher.   Goals  and   Objectives   Learning  objectives  are  identified   in  the  curriculum  with  the  whole   class.   Learning  objectives  are  identified   and  addressed  with  different  groups   of  learners.   Specific  objectives  are  identified  and   addressed  with  individuals  who   receive  one-­‐on-­‐one  support.   Learners  set,  monitor,  and  meet  goals  and   benchmarks  along  their  learning  path  with   guidance  from  the  teacher.   Tools  and   Resources   Tools  and  resources  selected  by   the  teacher  to  support  learning   needs  of  the  whole  class.   Tools  and  resources  are  selected  by   teacher  to  support  learning  needs  of   different  groups  of  learners.   Tools  and  resources  are  selected  by   teacher  to  support  the  learning   needs  of  the  individual  learner.   Learners  acquire  the  skills  to  select  and  use   tools  and  resources  to  enhance  their   learning  with  guidance  from  the  teacher.   Support   All  the  learners  in  the  class  refer  to   the  teacher  for  their  learning.     Different  groups  of  learners  refer  to   the  teacher  for  their  learning.   Individual  learners  work  one-­‐on-­‐one   with  teacher  to  support  learning.   Learners  build  a  network  of  teachers,  peers,   mentors,  and  advisors  to  support  learning.   Mastery   Mastery  of  content  and  skill   development  is  based  on  grade   level,  grades,  and  evidence  of   learning  from  the  whole  class.   Mastery  of  content  and  skill   development  is  based  on  grade  level   grades,  and  evidence  of  learning   from  different  groups  of  learners.   Mastery  of  content  and  skill   development  is  based  on  grade  level,   grades,  and  evidence  of  learning   from  the  individual  learner.   Learners  demonstrate  evidence  of  learning,   mastery  of  content,  and  develop  skills  in  a   competency-­‐based  system  for  an  authentic   audience  with  support  of  the  teacher.   Assessment   and  Data   The  same  assessments  and  data   are  used  for  the  whole  class  to   measure  if  there  is  or  is  not   improvement  in  learning  to  modify   instruction.     Multiple  assessments  and  data  are   used  to  monitor  progress  and   measure  if  there  is  or  is  not   improvement  to  modify  instruction   for  different  groups  of  learners.   Specific  assessments  and  data  are   used  to  monitor  progress  and  to   measure  if  there  is  or  is  not   improvement  in  learning  to  modify   instruction  for  the  individual  learner.   Learners  co-­‐design  assessments  and  refer   to  data  with  the  teacher  to  monitor   progress.  They  reflect  on  evidence  of   learning  and  develop  skills  needed  to   become  self-­‐directed  learners  with  agency.   Teaching  and  Learning  Approaches  Chart  (v1)  by  Barbara  Bray  (2018)  is  licensed  under  a  Creative  CommonsAttribution-­‐NonCommercial-­‐NoDerivs   3.0  Unported  License.  For  permission  to  use  chart  in  a  publication  or  to  make  changes  to  chart,  please  contact  Barbara  at  barbara.bray@gmail.com