translation alexis compiled file

1. Principles of Translation
“translation is like transferring the soul of
an individual to the dead”
-Willamowitz-

2. Characteristics of a translator
(Savory and Nida)
1. Enough knowledge of the two languages
involved
in the translation.
Knowledge of the language relative to:
a. Enough knowledge of the grammar of the
two languages involved in translation.
b. Enough ability in the literary ways of
translating.
2. Enough knowledge of the topic or subject matter
to
be translated.
3. Enough knowledge of the culture of these two

3. Translation: It’s meaning
according to experts
1. Translation is process by which a
spoken or written utterance takes
place in one language that is
intended and presumed to convey the
same meaning as a previously
existing utterance in another
language. (C. Rabin 1958)

4. 2. Translation consists in the
receptor language the closest
normal or appropriate
equivalent of the message of
the source language, first in
meaning and secondly in
style. (E. Nida 958/1966)

5. 3. Translation may be defined as
the
replacement of sexual material
in one language (source language)
by
equivalent textual material in
another language (target
language).
(J.C. Catford 1965)

6. 4. Translation is an exercise
that
consists in the attempt to a
replace a written message
in one language by the same
message in another
language. (P. Newmark
1997)

7. 5. Translation is reproducing in
the
receptor language a text that
communicates the same
message as the source
language but using the
appropriate grammatical
and lexical choices of the
receptor language.
(M. Larson 1984)

8. 6. Translation is made
possible by an equivalence
of thought that lies behind
its different verbal
expressions.
(T. Savory 1984)

9. English ------------------------
Filipino
(original)
(translation)
Reader A<----------------->Reader
B

10. Conflicting methods of
translation
The advent of various principle in
translation
gave rise to confusion. These conflicting
were
summarized by Savory as follows:
 A translation must give the words of the
original.
 A translation must give the ideas of the original.
 A translation should read like an original work.
 A translation should read like the translation.

11. A translation should reflect the style of the
original.
A translation should possess the style of the
translation.
A translation may add or omit from the translation.
A translation may never add or omit from the
original.
A translation of verse should be in verse.
A translation of verse should be in prose.

12. These pairs of conflicting principles
were
discussed by Savory separately.
1. Word versus idea
According to Savory, words are used to
express ideas. Literal translation can also
express ideas, however, it will be easier
for the readers to understand and get the
meaning of what he reads if ideas are
expressed in a natural or idiomatic ways.

13. There are translators who believe that
literal translation can equal the ideas of the
original. However, there are those who
believe that there are no exact words in the
language used in translation equivalent to
the word used in the original text. Another
reason was that there are instances when
an idea in one language can not be
expressed with justice in another language
because of differences in culture of the
people using the two languages involved in
translation.

14. 2. Sounds original vs. Sounds
translation
3. Author style vs. Translator style
4. Author’s time vs. Translation time
5. Can be changed vs. Cannot be
changed
6. Poem to poem vs. Poem to prose

15. Principles in translating
English to Filipino
1. Every language is rooted to the culture of
the people that use it.
2. Every language has its own
qualities/characteristics.
3. A good translation is one that I accepted
by its readers or audience.
4. Value the type of Filipino language
currently used by the population.
4.1 Maynila Filipino
4.2 NSDB Filipino?
4.3 U. P. Filipino?

16. 5. Acronyms and formulas that are
established and universally used cannot
be changed to go with the spelling as
used in Filipino.
Ex. PTA- instead of Samahan ng mga
Guro at Magulang
DEC- instead of KEKI from
Kagawaran ng Edukasyon,
Kultura, at Isports
6. In cases of a word with more than one
equivalent, use one and put the next in the
footnote.

17. 7. Use words economically.
8. Meaning of the word resides within the
context of the situation. (if use in the
sentence
or sentences)
9. There are instances that directly stated
ideas in
English can be translated in Filipino using
euphemism.
10. Lack of confidence in the qualities/
characteristics of Filipino language will
result
in borrowing not only of words but also of
idioms, ways of expressing ideas, and

18. 11. There are differences between spoken
Filipino and written Filipino.
12. Consider the oneness of related words
borrowed from English.
Ex. Solid and liquid
Solid likido
Solido likwid
13. The characteristics of the language being
translated must not be carried over to the
language of translation.
14. Dictionary is essential but don’t be a
slave to it.