በተምሳሌትነትና እየጠፉ ያሉ አገራት በአመራር / Leader ship / ብቃት ዕይታ በብርሃኑ ታደሰ ታዬ

1. / Leader ship // Leader ship // Leader ship // Leader ship /
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2. 1
Table of Contents
1. 9: ............................................................... 2
2. ; <& => ? @ A B& CD
EF ..........................................................................6
3. HIJ K;L MN
; ' /leadreship Thoughts/ QR 9 SN
KT' N U9 ? . .................................. 7
4. TXY ZL[ ZI A]]
A ET ............................................................ 16
5.1. ZI UN........................................23
6. U9_` A;abU % L cU
Nd ................................................................... 28
6.1. Leadership function/ ........................................31
6.2. f" cU / Leadership Style/............33
6.2.1. Q A Qij KT A ZH Nk-.............................................. 34
6.2.2. ?m_ Kn / Consultative /k ............................................................................ 35
6.2.3. Ep q / Liaise faire / k......................................................................... 36
6.2.4. #r / Participatory / Shared Leadership /k.................................... 37
7.5.1. t ubU Lv j Qij A w ; N / Qualities of effective
leadership/..................................................................................................................................... 46
8.1. ……………………………42

3. 2
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4. 3
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5. 4
/Style and Skills/k Y— A &IŠN R? T
p& T [Uk RNLA /leading change/k ~qA
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z ; <& theory N{{ 9E ' EF <RSN
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7. 6
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? ‹ /achievement of group goals/ K SN{{ A}
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"UwE{{ H &z /willingness/ ~QE #R NA 9
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8. 7
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A E• R I< ˜ /Management/
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‹TE RA 9A K ³v RyL / influence /
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9. 8
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that they will strive willing and enthusiastically towards the
achievement of group goals (Koontz et.al 1984:507)
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16. 15
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17. 16
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22. 21
Democratic Progressive Party 2. Kometo “Government”
“Fairness” or Justice party 3. Communist party 5. Initiatives
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Ultimate Toyota-thon Ever) KRN M " w" T ±
L·c` N;L 1964 1999 Lexusk 1992 Camry, 1960 Land

23. 22
Cruiser FJ40, 1993 Supra Turbo, 1990 Lexus LS400, RX
300k 2000 Tundra, 2008 NASCAR Camry, 1985 MR2,
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24. 23
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25. 24
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26. 25
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27. 26
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28. 27
} ±SNA K› v (QAž SNA Tt } N
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2. ;T N LÏ ! / •< « A / cUA
AZ RN?

29. 28
3. ™ Ìð "qA •< #UAA L / Process /
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k R • j 'bU q% N?
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NdNdNdNd
Tw" ›I›v >R „ " N € TZI
U9 TZI / &„ _U w&„ _U
EF #SN ‰ 'R N / ?IN/ 'N ¡"wSN w"
wSN EF A}A N? NA NZ R R?

30. 29
&„ ‹w&„ I‰E/ NZ‰E KQ
~y<&v NZ &IŠSN EF #SN Ñ © "&R
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31. 30
6. ; t j #SNk
7. $ A • k 9Q Z ‰!R A‰"
t' A pk
8. ; A 9Q R 9 KL ‹E' ;A
R Z t &¨ q qAk
9. A“” R; N ³I K'L RXY RN QYj
Z j Eq ; ' A ?m /punctuality/ R'
Ep m K'Lk1997 Michaelj. Bonnell
www.mdcebonnell.com
R? R Tw" ›I›v &„ RŒ„
9 R 9 R EF q%
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9A Ñb` ¡wr A «T… K v ;Rq

32. 31
wRÊ H INà q% A} = A‹ U
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Ky;% SN ;Rq } @#U> LA‹Ï RN
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resistant to change in order to hand over their head of stat
to opposition party since they are capable of groth and

33. 32
development for their country{{ p}K ?A¨N
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K QSN T A} y" >R “” qw Á
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RL bU ;Sº" N Ë ; y› : N{{

34. 33
6.2.6.2.6.2.6.2. f" cUf" cUf" cUf" cU / Leadership/ Leadership/ Leadership/ Leadership
Style/Style/Style/Style/
Tw" &# N U9 A " ;E A
N «R Kq N? f" ;AE A} j
9QvA R?T yA AžUE T#Ì`A y" n ¨NA /
Subordinates / A f" A } R A&KUE
Ky;A N{{ f" cU R F >Ë#bU
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w" f" _UA › › } A
RA{{ XY Q A / Authoritarian / ?m_
K ' / Consultative /k Ep q / liaise fair/
#r / Participatory / SN{{ A<A<SN
9RÒ ZL[ › —íE{{

35. 34
Q A /Authoritarian Leadership/k
Q A ›î Hw“ ¢ Z ' • :qA
>A Ñ £#bU "# E{{ K R‚N R
A »U SN{{
6.2.1.6.2.1.6.2.1.6.2.1. Q AQ AQ AQ A QijQijQijQij
KT AKT AKT AKT A ZHZHZHZH NkNkNkNk----
N Ë n•LA ˜E•AA › Nk
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Ek
R? · TCE? "Ep p• w" ³ Ek

36. 35
6.2.2.6.2.2.6.2.2.6.2.2. ?m_?m_?m_?m_ KnKnKnKn / Consultative // Consultative // Consultative // Consultative /kkkk
TXY #U ZJ A KT E j ?m_ Kn KE
BHI@ "UwE{{
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n ¨N w" RNk
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N ËbU RNL Až&I9QSN K Z /Present decision
for change/k

37. 36
N Ë R ; $ K 'Q; k
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Tp• "Ep CE? A R? “ K Z k
6.2.3.6.2.3.6.2.3.6.2.3. EpEpEpEp qqqq //// LiaiseLiaiseLiaiseLiaise fairfairfairfair//// kkkk
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q k
R · A &A# RNk

38. 37
j bUA 9Q M m E ? & 9k
_U SN Ažu‘ K N / q N ">A f" /k
6.2.4.6.2.4.6.2.4.6.2.4. #r#r#r#r /Participative//Participative//Participative//Participative/
Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/Shared Leadership/kkkk
KT A Qij › N{-
= E } E NL Až&I9 §§Ek
n áU N Ë ; Až I##Ek
& R A = TŽtwEk
n ¨N U9 A R"c Až y• p& T E
Až'•SN }©t & ©Ek

39. 38
; ; ;; AžH >Ë#bUA R? §S
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n ¨N ˜E•AA AžR? } & ©Ek
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A&˜ N QY " A&>Ë#N # f" c`A
?Z • Z ; "§wE{{

40. 39
7.7.7.7. mY[mY[mY[mY[ /leadership skills//leadership skills//leadership skills//leadership skills/
mY[ /leadership skills/ ?R ÓQÕ q
_UA 9 U[# ?R N jbU{ 'bU
Nd#? Z NA 9 9 AžU
mY[ ;HE©E{{ T ?k m/T yI<
&IŠ q ?A¨N } @ jbU !p}
R 9 vA # p® ? ‹
AžU mY[ ;HE©E{{ A& koontz
et.al /1984/ " j mY[ A<
" Z {{
=. jbU ;E•A /the authority or power of leaders/
R. 'bU R 9” >Ë# R ? · A }
B | &KU I< {
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. jN KT RN ›"‡ /the style of
leader/ UN
jbU 9Q R y• R 9 R f"
mY[ ;HE©E{{ j mY[ R F >Ë#bU
H ¹ ? "§wE{{ y' R qbU ~qA

41. 40
J ˆA' $ /conceptual/k ' M /human/k
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RN A& p& T wSN B#F "Uw {{ R
9Eˆ R?}I9 A<A‘ mY[
A ET {{
7.1.7.1.7.1.7.1. ˆA'ˆA'ˆA'ˆA' ==== mY[mY[mY[mY[ /conceptual skills//conceptual skills//conceptual skills//conceptual skills/
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• ; QE&IQA ; Q _ Z @c
Nd#? ?}I9 y› SN

42. 41
7.2.7.2.7.2.7.2. ' M' M' M' M mY[mY[mY[mY[ ////HHHHuman Skills/uman Skills/uman Skills/uman Skills/ "Y"Y"Y"Y &9®&9®&9®&9® ³I³I³I³I
K & NK & NK & NK & N {{{{----
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KI< Nk
7.3.7.3.7.3.7.3. ¥mËM¥mËM¥mËM¥mËM mY[mY[mY[mY[ /technical skills//technical skills//technical skills//technical skills/
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N{{
• N Ë ; N{{
• … M }©t ; mY[
• <' 9 ? ?}I9 mY[
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• 9A mY[

43. 42
7.4. ¤R¼‹M¤R¼‹M¤R¼‹M¤R¼‹M mY[mY[mY[mY[ /Political Skills//Political Skills//Political Skills//Political Skills/k
¤R¼‹ A| ²k } @¢A > ; '
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ideology, political orientation applied practically/ R?R
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• T wN }A y" ’ © } } ;
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7.5.7.5.7.5.7.5. ?A¨N?A¨N?A¨N?A¨N mY[mY[mY[mY[ ////Leadership skills/Leadership skills/Leadership skills/Leadership skills/

44. 43
mY[ > › ²U 9Q SN "
wSN :qA A<A} >Ë#bU A&˜ N
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Tw" Z Ê A ®m_bU A›

45. 44
E <UNA ?TE !p»UA ‹yÊ qw !p}A L©:
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AÕ AžŽ A ?}I9

46. 45
• i I 'A 9A†‡ ? &9 RE? A
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mY[ Lv Nd ~ ; z A} ‹E
N{{
Thus style of leadership is more peopule oriented rather
than other and requires a leadership approach that

47. 46
transforms the feeling, attitudes and bealifes of others. In
other words, it transforms orgnization culture.
7.5.1.7.5.1.7.5.1.7.5.1. t ubt ubt ubt ubUUUU LvLvLvLv jjjj Qij AQij AQij AQij A
w ;w ;w ;w ; NNNN / Qualities of effective/ Qualities of effective/ Qualities of effective/ Qualities of effective
leadership/leadership/leadership/leadership/
;Ž Z K ; / Strategic Thinker / } @¢
Ry&r¢ ‹ AžqA KL k
J R [U ; QE&I£` ' ; 9Q
qA KUE / Role model / k
N Ë 'Õ / Decision – Maker / H•A 'R N Ë
K'Lk
T J Lp ?˜T r k Ñ=%A Lp ?˜T
Až & „ K 9—k /creating synergistic effect by
implementing selflessness/ k
« ©"/ mediators/ 9ÕcU “” A}H¢ K 9—k
consensus seeker and creator
; © Ë KHL /consensus seeker
/builder/ © ; A 9 K'Lk

48. 47
JA L® KH C /self evaluator/ RRNL —9Ý
q positive for change
}A ;K A KHL /team spirit creator and
promoter/ R A} 9Q 'bUA } Až'Q'
K & 9 k
K† M q /fair and balanced/ > A 'N ³E
K " /positive for impartiality and inclusive/ ZE•Ž
‰•R <z N Ë K'Lk
$ A Zw 9E] ?; wRt KUE / good
communicator/k
? A qA K / lead through
influence and example setting/ / K'L = N Ë
Ò ? & 9k
; K'L KZ E /taker and giver of
feedback/ A: UcUA "'•E "Z wEk
L® K & L /emphatic listener/ A& :
'R®A ‹R H•A t } R ; E‹
}?Õ qA K ;HE9 Nà
Tw" ›I›v Lv j QYj mY[ R A}
A9; ">A 9E } @cU jbU R9w
ž> T Z…QSN @„ K SNà

49. 48
K• IN A}A } @ 9R' &IŠ
;Rq LA‹Ï KR‹N X> A‹ } @cU
; ; N < SN Nà R} @#SN
N&p ?&9 y v Nà q% A} j
A " >Ã# £# A f" mY[ A Z
<R R"c ?yp R à yp¢A ÓQÕ >Ë#
?dA Tw" ZI A ;E A ? §S
9 "Ÿ #Eà

50. 49
mtE >RmtE >RmtE >RmtE >R
8.¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w U”É” ’¨< ;
¾|n MGÆR dNB K›”É SY]Áu?ƒ SW[ƒ ¨ÃU ¾T°²”
É”Òà “†¨< }wK¨< ¾T>ÑS~ƒ” SW[ © ¾Y’UÓv`
S`J−‹“ c?„‹ uÓMî ¾T>Ádà “ W^}™‹“ Lò−‹
Y^†¨<” c=ÁŸ“¨<’< K=”ìv`s†¨< ¾T>Ñv†¨<” lMõ ¾J’<
¾SM"U Y’UÓv` SÑKÝ−‹” ¾T>ÖlU ÏÓ u×U ÖnT>
¾J’ ¾SY]Áu?ƒ” ¾Y^ vIM ¾T>k`ê ¨d˜ ¾Y^ ›S^`
SX]Á ’¨<::
8.1.8.1.8.1.8.1. ¾Y’¾Y’¾Y’¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpUUÓv` Å”w ØpU
uØpK< ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w Lò−‹“ ‰t®‹ Y^†¨<” SM"U
|nMGÆ` }Lwc¨<“ ŸSØö Y’UÓv` `k¨< ”Ç=ÁŸ“¨<’<“
¨<Ö? T ”Ç=J’< wKAU ¾SY]Áu?~” ^°Ã }M°¢ “ Óx‹
KTd"ƒ Ÿõ}— ѳ ÁÅ`ÒM
8.1.1.8.1.1.8.1.1.8.1.1. kz!H bt=¥¶kz!H bt=¥¶kz!H bt=¥¶kz!H bt=¥¶ ¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w¾Y’ UÓv` Å”w
¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ ØpV‹ ›K<ƒ :----

51. 50
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ k|n MGÆR xµ*Ã XRG-¾
ÃLçn#ÆcW g#Ä×C s!ÃU_¥cW xÈBqE" WS_ s!gb#
CGéc$N lmF¬T y¸ÃSCL S”ÑÉ KSÖqU“ ¾T>ÁhS<
’Ña‹” ÓMê KTÉ[Ó'
¾ØpU Ó߃ K=ðÖ` ¾T>‹Muƒ” G<’@ “ Óß~ K=¨ÑÉ
¾T>‹Muƒ” G<’@ KTSLŸƒ'
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ SW[ © ¾J’< ¾SY]u?~” Xs@èC½
S`J−‹ dNïCNÂ ?¯CN b¥KbR |‰cWN b|R›T
XNÄ!m„ l¥DrG½
ŸÁ”Ç”Æ Lò“ W^}— ¾T>Öup }Óv`“ Lò’ƒ” ”Ç=G<U
SM"U Y’UÓv`” KTw^^ƒ“ uÓMê KTekSØ'
W^}™‹“ Lò−‹ y:lT tlT }Óv^†¨<” SM"U
|nMGÆR }Lwc¨< XNÄ!ÃkÂW’< KTÉ[Ó'
‰t®C ŸSM"U |nMGÆR W+ yçn SØö tGÆR
XNÄYf{Ñ lmk§kLÂ ¾SM"U Y’UÓv` SÕÅM
c=ÁÒØU l!wcÇ y¸gÆcW” y:RMT XRM©ãC
l¥mLkT½

52. 51
Q´u< uS”ÓYƒ W^}™‹“ ¾Y^ Lò−‹ LÃ U’ƒ
”Ç=•[¨< KTÉ[Ó'
9.9.9.9. ; 9Q €&E A;abU K Q J; 9Q €&E A;abU K Q J; 9Q €&E A;abU K Q J; 9Q €&E A;abU K Q J
mA cUmA cUmA cUmA cU
=. ; 9Q €&E A;a=. ; 9Q €&E A;a=. ; 9Q €&E A;a=. ; 9Q €&E A;a
- ; 9Q —p / E‹ ; 9Q „}R /
* ;9 9 k ;y<} k
E 9 Q"
* Tt ¨ J; L ¨ qA
* ;A T wN ?; RL
w" tw€
R. QQC mA cUR. QQC mA cUR. QQC mA cUR. QQC mA cU
1. ™ºŸK M mA cU. ™ºŸK M mA cU. ™ºŸK M mA cU. ™ºŸK M mA cU
• 'I#M tw€ A R? w R §E
• ; ‰; &YA ;• ?•
• %_ N} © • : R Ÿ
• A9; S¨ U y" E9[ 'Õ
q QSN ;ºU ˜ bU Ÿ¤E —

53. 52
2.¤R¼‹M mA cU¤R¼‹M mA cU¤R¼‹M mA cU¤R¼‹M mA cU
• ž®m ~ M ; R › © / R T
• E‹ ; <& ¬ · 9E]
U9
• Y9 w" R ;HA - ;E•A ?TE
3.QYwM ; E£ M.QYwM ; E£ M.QYwM ; E£ M.QYwM ; E£ M
¡wZ ; '£U E »U- ~ E w ~µ
"•Ó‰E K ; ' R;w•A _Lk ; 9Q
€&E A& E‹ € — &Ž • …
?Y M ;; k — } " z#A 'I &I
9E©[ ; A& E‹ QYE •
4. ’?M mà cU4. ’?M mà cU4. ’?M mà cU4. ’?M mà cU
R > Nd#? ' áU ? I#§ ;
R › © ( I@ q Õ “” Y
}Ek &IŠ } k R 'v ; bU ? I#§k …)
n ¨N / NZ mY[ ; ' )
KHR N &IŠ w" R }I;
A RT 9E RK µC A9;
' ŸU } R Ÿv
' &A j bU 9Eˆ ˜ › —
Hw“N >Ë# Ec R Û :Ÿ 9Q
; w" R ‰E U9
1.4 ; 9Q €&E K ;T wSN „<cU; 9Q €&E K ;T wSN „<cU; 9Q €&E K ;T wSN „<cU; 9Q €&E K ;T wSN „<cU

54. 53
=. ™ºŸK M „<cU=. ™ºŸK M „<cU=. ™ºŸK M „<cU=. ™ºŸK M „<cU
• E? A ZÕÒE
• ™ºŸK } Až # & ©E
• Á N}Z AžŽ A }Y Tt ¨
&IŠ Až;ŽŽ & ©E
R. ¤R¼‹M „<cR. ¤R¼‹M „<cR. ¤R¼‹M „<cR. ¤R¼‹M „<cUUUU
• Y9 w" 'bU w" mc Y—£U
ž®m ~ M ; w" Ë# Až Ê
& ©E
• ¤R¼‹M R I©© Ak ; ; L LA
'bU ' M L' A ;RK ;T E
Y— A9; w" RNA Ë# •‰Eà
• = i— &YA w" &© ;T wE
ù. ?Y M „<cUù. ?Y M „<cUù. ?Y M „<cUù. ?Y M „<cU
- ; L k – ¨ <j k • •
€< w" ~R A # k [ €<
<<j k ‰E! k › r <"
;T wE
9.1.9.1.9.1.9.1. ; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q €&E€&E€&E€&E yA•EyA•EyA•EyA•E "#"#"#"#
2.12.12.12.1 yA•EyA•EyA•EyA•E A}A}A}A} NNNN Aî ;Aî ;Aî ;Aî ; "’’?E"’’?E"’’?E"’’?E????
yA•EyA•EyA•EyA•E A}A NA}A NA}A NA}A N????

55. 54
• Y yL ¢ ;ZÕ ¢ Y9 & NA } “ k
?R Y9 TRTRNA ?}I9 y" Y9
#››NA R?}I9 Nà
• yA•E ?}I9 y" QR?}I9 "Hˆ?E
9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1.9.1.1.1. yA•EAyA•EAyA•EAyA•EA K ’|…K ’|…K ’|…K ’|… tÏ _UtÏ _UtÏ _UtÏ _U////mt[Umt[Umt[Umt[U
1.... Y©MY©MY©MY©M tÏtÏtÏtÏ
• A} } “ yA•E N R?R } “¢
A<"H‚ KTRTE Y9 (}A©!) Ÿ R
* - 'N 9&E ; / ®
;Z•E
2. 9ÑŽM9ÑŽM9ÑŽM9ÑŽM tÏtÏtÏtÏ //// } €} €} €} € mtEmtEmtEmtE////
• Y yL N ;Z•E QRN } “ 9Q
H‚ "Ÿ #Eà
• } “¢A R H‚ ?' §NA A&yA•E
"•
* - 9} 9Q HŒ
- 9} …T
?}I9/ R §E y" TrE
HΠ/

56. 55
- R 9&E = /!p}
?›©•
3.... yA•EyA•EyA•EyA•E mtEmtEmtEmtE ® wM® wM® wM® wM tÏtÏtÏtÏ
• } “¢ H‚ N T p w" q mÃ
"qA qA [ y" SE z y"
9îRC y" "#' ?; 'E Tq
yA•E ’| E AwRAà
2.22.22.22.2 p•p•p•p• w?Nw?Nw?Nw?N
====.... p•p•p•p•
• yA•E H‚…A Y9 I© 'N w"
Ky'} Š ~qA "Y A› k ; k
A & y" ® BH‚ "UwEà
RRRR.... p•p•p•p• ‰‰‰‰ w?w?w?w?
• yA•R¨N " yA•E T H‚ Až#Z
/ Až #/
• wN 'N T ZúN Až?
• yA•E H±KN Tp•¢ _ E‹ ; 9Q
QR‡ AžqA R?;§E Nà

57. 56
10. þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (þK+"© S<e“ (Political corruption)
þK+"© S<e“- uþK+" û`+−‹' uT”—¨<U Å[Í ¾þK+"
¨<d’@ uT>cÖ< Ÿõ}— ¾þK+" ›S^` ›"Lƒ“ uS”Óeƒ
vKeMדƒ u¨<d’@ ›c×Ø Là ¾T>ðìU ¾S<e“ ¨”ËM ’¨<::
þK+"© S<e“ w²< Ñ>²? þK+Ÿ© ¨<d’@−‹ KÓM“ Ku<É”
ØpU uT>ÁS‹ S”ÑÉ S¨c”” ¨ÃU ”Ç=¨c’< TÉ[Ó”“
¾›”É TIu[cw” Ç=V¡^c=Á© ›c^` Y`¯ƒ' c?„‹”“
MTÊ‹” ¾S×e T”—¨<”U }Óv` ¾T>SKŸƒ ’¨<::
þK+"© S<e“ u}KÁ¿ SM¢‹ ¾T>ÑKê u=J”U ÑAM}¨<
¾T> ¿ ¾þK+"© S<e“ ¯Ã’„‹ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ “†¨<:-
GGGG---- uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìUuU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìUuU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìUuU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU (Electoral Corruption)
KKKK---- ¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU¾S”ÓYƒ u=a¡^c=”“ ¾S”ÓYƒ Y^” KþK+" ØpU
TªMTªMTªMTªM (Politicization of bureaucracy))))
NNNN---- uIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìUuIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìUuIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìUuIÓ ›¨×Ø H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU ( Corruption in the
legislative process) “†¨<::“†¨<::“†¨<::“†¨<::
GGGG---- uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“uU`Ý ¨pƒ ¾T>ðìU S<e“

58. 57
¾›KU }V¡a−‹ ”ÅT>Ád¿ƒ' uw²< ›Ña‹ ¾þK+"
S]−‹“ û`+−‹ S<e“ ¨<eØ ¾T>Ñu<ƒ eM×” KSÁ´
¨ÃU ueM×” Là KSq¾ƒ "L†¨< õLÑAƒ ¾}’d ’¨<::
10.1.10.1.10.1.10.1. uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹uU`Ý H>Ń ²<]Á ¾T>ðìS< ¾S<e“ ¨”ËKA‹
SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹SÑKÝ−‹
uU`Ý pekd ¨pƒ ¾pekd“ ¾–aûÒ”Ç Y^ KSc^ƒ
uSÑ“— w²<H” ›ÖnkU Là ›=-õƒH©“ ›ÉKA›© ›c^`
uSðìU I´u< ›T^ß ”ÇÕƒ SÑÅw¿
uU`Ý ¨pƒ KS^à‹ Ñ”²w ¨ÃU M¿ M¿ SÅKÁ
uSeÖƒ U`݆¨<” Tek¾`¿
uU`Ý ¨pƒ K}S^à‹ Ñ”²w ¨ÃU M¿ M¿ SÅKÁ
uSeÖƒ ”ÇèÇÅ TÉ[Ó' ¨ÃU uIÓ ›¨<ܨ<
¾T>ÖpT†¨< IÓ ¨ÃU ¨<d’@ ”Ç=cØL†¨< KTÉ[Ó
K}S^à‹ ¾U`Ý pekd“ ²S‰ óÓ”e uTÉ[Ó'
KKKK ---- ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` KþK+" ØpU õLÑAƒ TTEÁ
TªMTªMTªMTªM

59. 58
ÃI KþK+"¨<“ KþK+"¨< T˜“ ÅÒò KJ’< c−‹ ¾}K¾
ØpU“ U‡ G<’@ KSõÖ` c=vM u ¨<kƒ“ u‹KA LÃ
Sc[ƒ vÅ[Ñ ¨<ÉÉ` ŸTeÁ´ ÃMp Kû`+¨<“ KþK+"¨<
T˜ ŸSJ” ›”í` ¾c=y=M c`y=c<” Sªp` uSS<Lƒ
¾T>ðìU þK+"© ¨Ñ”}˜’ƒ” ¾T>SKŸƒ ’¨<::
uc=y=M c`y=e ¨<eØ ¾T>cØ Lò’ƒ KþK+"¨< T˜
uSJ” Là ¾}SW[} ŸJ’ }k×]−‹ T˜’ †¨<”
KTd¾ƒ“ Å[͆¨<” KTdÅÓ ¾þK+" ØpU uTeÖup Y^
LÃ ÃÖSÇK<:: ¾²=I ÉU` ¨<Ö?ƒU ›e}ÇÅ^© Y^−‹”
uþ`+ ›c^` ›”í` ”Ç=n˜ U¡”Áƒ ÃJ“M::¾S”Óeƒ“
¾û`+ Y^ ÃkLkLM¿ Éу“ ¾ÅV´ ßT] þK+Ÿ ¨Ñ”}—
’ƒ Sc[ƒ ”Ç=ÁÅ`Ó ÁeÑÉÇM¿ÃI ÅÓV uK?KA‹ Là ¾Y^
}’di’ƒ ”Ç=k”e ÁÅ`ÒM::
NNNN---- QÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìQÓ uT¨<׃ H>Ń Là ¾T>ðìU S<e“U S<e“U S<e“U S<e“
¾}¨c’< ¨Ñ•‹” ØpU KTeÖup“ KS`ǃ uT>S‹ SMŸ<
IÓ ”Ç=¨× Å”w“ þK=c= ”Ç=k[ê }î • KTÉ[Ó ¨ÃU
uþK=e k[í ¨pƒ ¾¨ŸLD†¨< u<É•‹ ¾ÓM“ ¾u<É”
õLÑA †¨<” uIÓ ”Ç=Á"ƒ~ KS”Óeƒ vKYMדƒ'KþK+"
›S^` ›vLƒ“ KI´w }S^à‹ Ÿõ}— Ñ”²w

60. 59
uSeÖƒ'uTÓvvƒ“ }î°• uTdÅ` ¾T>ðçU ¨”ËM”
¾T>SKŸƒ ÃJ“M::

61. 60
11.11.11.11. Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;Y’UÓv` U”É” ’¨< ;
u›ÖnLÃ Y’UÓv` TKƒ Ø “ SØö uÔ “ ¡ñ ›dw'
”ÓÓ`“ É`Ñ>ƒ” ¾T>ÑMê Y`¯ƒ ’¨<:: ¾ƒ¡¡K—“ ƒ¡¡K—
ÁMJ’ vQ`à SKŸ=Á ’¨<:: ›”É ›dw ¨ÃU É`Ñ>ƒ SM"U
¨ÃU SØö' ƒ¡¡M ¨ÃU eI}ƒ' ªÒ ÁK¨< ¨ÃU ªÒ
¾K?K¨<' õƒN© ¨ÃU ›=õƒN© SJ’<” KT[ÒÑØ ¾T>ÖpU
SKŸÁ ’¨<::
Y’UÓv` ƒ¡¡K— ›dw”“ É`Ñ>ƒ ŸeI}ƒ KÄ KT¨<׃
¾T>[Ç“ ¾c¨<” vQ`Ã ¾T>k`ê SS]Á c=J” ¾c¨< MÏ
SØö ¾J’< U™„‹ ”ÇÁg”ñƒ“ ð”pK¨< ”ÇèÖ<
KSq×Ö` ¾T>[Ǩ< ¾Y’Mx“ MÕU ’¨<:: ¾c¨< MÏ ”Å
”ed ”ÇÃJ” ’Ñ` Ó” cw¯© ¡w” uSÖup ¨<eש
õLÑA~”U }Ñu= uJ’ ¨pƒ“ Yõ^ ”Ç=ÁTEL ¾T>ÁÅ`Ó
¾Qèƒ ¢Uþe ’¨<::
Y’UÓv` u›w³—¨< Ÿ}Óv` Ò` ¾}Ñ“– ’¨<:: ›`e„ƒM
¾}vK ¾Ó]¡ òLeó Y’UÓv` ›dv© dÃJ” c−‹ u}Óv`
¾T>Wƒ Y^ ”ÅJ’ }“ÓbM:: ”Å `c< à Y’UÓv`
uc¨< vQ`Ã LÃ ¾}SW[} ’¨<:: SM"U Y’UÓv`

62. 61
¾T>vK¨< ¾c¨< MÏ ¾}ðÖ[uƒ” }M°¢¨< uT>Ñv ”Ç=¨×
¾T>ÁÅ`Ó }Óv` ’¨<:: eK²=I ƒ¡¡K— ¾J’ ’Ñ` ¨Å SM"U
Ów ¾T>ÁÅ`e É`Ñ>ƒ ’¨<::
11.1.11.1.11.1.11.1. ¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SM"U Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹
G<K<”U W^}— u Ÿ<M ¯Ã” T¾ƒ'
Nk˜’ƒ ' T˜’ƒ ...
¾Y^ c¯ƒ T¡u`
vKÑ<ÇÔ u}Ñu=¨< S”ÑÉ“ uƒIƒ“ Te}“ÑÉ
11.2.11.2.11.2.11.2. ¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹¾SØö Y’UÓv` UdK?−‹
¾u=a ldlf‹” (¨[kƒ' `de eúM' ›Ó^õ'óeƒ’`
¨²}...) ¨Å u?ƒ ¨eÊ KÓM ØpU TªM
uY^ W¯ƒ u=a ¨<eØ Y^” ¾uÅK< u¢Uú¨<}` Ñ@U
Sݨƒ
c=Ò^ KTÚe Y^” uT>uÉM SÖ” }ÚT] Ñ>²?
S¨<cÉ
¾u=a YM¡” }Ñu= vMJ’ S”ÑÉ SÑMÑM
- p x KÓM Y^ SŨM
- p`w x Ũ<KA [ÏU c¯ƒ T¨<^ƒ ¨²}
Y^” uT>uÉM SÖ” Ÿ}ðkŨ< uLà Ud c¯ƒ” T^²U

63. 62
¾c¯ƒ ò`T” (uc¯ƒ dÃÑ–<) uðKÑ<ƒ Ñ>²? Sð[U
uY^ c¯ƒ hà u?ƒ SH@É“ [»U ¾Y^ W¯ƒ uTvŸ”
“ ¾ÓM e^” Se^ƒ “ Wò Ñ>²? uS¨<cÉ Y^”
SuÅM
11.3.11.3.11.3.11.3. ; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q €&E€&E€&E€&E yA•EAyA•EAyA•EAyA•EA TwTETwTETwTETwTE ; ¥@; ¥@; ¥@; ¥@
;E;E;E;E
====.... ; ¥¦bU; ¥¦bU; ¥¦bU; ¥¦bU
1.1.1.1. C EC EC EC E ™A 9j¼™A 9j¼™A 9j¼™A 9j¼ ~;~;~;~; //// u Mu Mu Mu M Z •Z •Z •Z •
; f; f; f; f tttt
- i9i9i9i9 NÕNNÕNNÕNNÕN ‹E‹E‹E‹E{- ; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q €&E€&E€&E€&E R ••
K ;UE L ; RN Y9 ?N• ;H±KA
••
- Y9Y9Y9Y9 ;H±KN;H±KN;H±KN;H±KN{- y•NA Y9 9Q €
jbUA | z t 9E] ·
RNA ' ~ E ' J N;L › © §Eà
- t }t }t }t } ‡‡‡‡ <áU<áU<áU<áU RE ¨ ’?M ± t

64. 63
- ˜ Q˜ Q˜ Q˜ Q ‚I‚I‚I‚I …;…;…;…; ºAŸUAºAŸUAºAŸUAºAŸUA 9R' p
?„E …; yA•EA TR;
? &9
- Ñ=AÑ=AÑ=AÑ=A ¨¨¨¨ //// KžKžKžKž ////{- …; A ?©RL E‹
; 9Q A i— N;L ?'Iˆ I } KŸ SNA
K ?€E /ÕNN } ? ¤; —9@ /
- ………… Y—QMY—QMY—QMY—QM ?Y A?Y A?Y A?Y A ?’’ ? T ‚I-
…; 9E N;L KŸ SNA ²
? &9/?€E
11.4.11.4.11.4.11.4. …;…;…;…; yA•EAyA•EAyA•EAyA•EA R TwTER TwTER TwTER TwTE R ••R ••R ••R •• AAAA &I9&I9&I9&I9
RRRR RNRNRNRN ;Q;Q;Q;Q

65. 64
mtEmtEmtEmtE Â; {Â; {Â; {Â; {---- ; 9Q k; 9Q k; 9Q k; 9Q k
12.12.12.12. ; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q qbUqbUqbUqbU N#_UN#_UN#_UN#_U
12.1.12.1.12.1.12.1. ; Q; Q; Q; Q A} NA} NA} NA} N????
-Lv L²k € m k ‰© RN ‰© RN t =M
™-t =M q A99 } “ k
- mmR¨ QY " RÁ k
- ?Y Mk QYwMk … M ® wM 9Q M qbUA
‹ ] ; = Nà
10.1.110.1.110.1.110.1.1 E‹E‹E‹E‹ ; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q; 9Q
- 12¢A ; 9Q qbU ?m
• 12¢ ; 9Q qbU
1.... wwww ;;;; ////pApApApA (integrity)(integrity)(integrity)(integrity)
- A kL RN E9[ ; A 9Q:
QQj A w? ] A " E±E
2. #?z#?z#?z#?z /Loyalty//Loyalty//Loyalty//Loyalty/
- R E Ri 9;¢ Ri I ' R&A
j bU Ù qAA

66. 65
3. 9Eˆ9Eˆ9Eˆ9Eˆ /Transparency//Transparency//Transparency//Transparency/
- :NA IŠ R :N ; A } p
R qAAk
4. =Zz=Zz=Zz=Zz //// HHHHonesty/onesty/onesty/onesty/
- N ¨ T?#RE T?Õ • qA
5. ···· /Accountability//Accountability//Accountability//Accountability/
-RN ËbU R& “cU ¡wr N'}
6. K;LK;LK;LK;L Q·Q·Q·Q· /Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy//Confidentiality/secrecy/
- A9; y" 9wM Qij" wSNA K;L_U
p E² R ; A
7. i—i—i—i— LpLpLpLp ?;Z&?;Z&?;Z&?;Z& /Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest//Serving the public interest/
- ˜ A i— A9; Lp nI ?}I9 ?T yA
/p}K ; /
8. ˜E•AA˜E•AA˜E•AA˜E•AA 9Q9Q9Q9Q ZZZZ /exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority//exercising legitimate authority/
- ˜E•A & R A9;#M ˜ § Z
9.... R?<wR?<wR?<wR?<w /impartiality//impartiality//impartiality//impartiality/
- 'bUA ¤R¼‹ R‹T k › k ="?Ÿ EF
R ›A

67. 66
10. i9i9i9i9----?m?m?m?m /respecting the law//respecting the law//respecting the law//respecting the law/
- i9A w" Z E
11. RiRiRiRi———— LLLL :NA:NA:NA:NA wCwCwCwC ;;;;
/ Responsiveness// Responsiveness// Responsiveness// Responsiveness/
- : m Y R R©" ; ! ‹#N
&'
12. qAqAqAqA/ to be role model// to be role model// to be role model// to be role model/
- E‹ ; 9Q / qA
**** N""N""N""N"" - / #UA N;L E‹ L² 9Q
bU "LZJ?
12.2.12.2.12.2.12.2. 8888¢¢¢¢ ˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q N#_UN#_UN#_UN#_U
1.1.1.1. ¤R¼‹¤R¼‹¤R¼‹¤R¼‹MMMM | z| z| z| z ŸŸŸŸ
- ;A T…; ?ˆ< …; A L • R ‰©
9Q | z ? T _U " E
2.2.2.2. Nd#?Nd#?Nd#?Nd#? Y9Y9Y9Y9 ?!Zt?!Zt?!Zt?!Zt
Z • ŒI-…; i€U pIˆ ˜ w" ?‰E
3.3.3.3. 9Eˆ9Eˆ9Eˆ9Eˆ ···· ; f; f; f; f › ©› ©› ©› ©

68. 67
9Eˆ ˜ j k ˜ } µ › — : |LL
; f Nd º 9
4.4.4.4. ˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q &A&A&A&A ?›©•?›©•?›©•?›©•
- T /‡¢ Qij" © › 12¢ ; 9Q
qbU nI &I ; Q &A ›©@c
X>
5.5.5.5. ˜˜˜˜ 9Q A9Q A9Q A9Q A ………… //// ˜˜˜˜ ‹E‹E‹E‹E ?}I9?}I9?}I9?}I9
- R'R' Y … ; 9Q w" ?‹ª}
6.6.6.6. R˜R˜R˜R˜ ```` >Ë#>Ë#>Ë#>Ë# tttt
- n áUA !³E f"A ?
- Rn ¨N ••z Lp mt ; f
› © HŒ
- n ¨NA ˜ ‰; &YA ;• A ?€E
- /ࢠN;L U[#A nI &I pL !}
—NN HŒ
- Rn ¨N : ³I /9 /Recognition/
;
7.7.7.7. ˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q˜ 9Q T#T#T#T# mt[UAmt[UAmt[UAmt[UA ?’’?’’?’’?’’ ? T? T? T? T
- E‹ ; 9Q R?;HA E¶ n A
R?;y } ŒI-…; 9 A ?€E fw? w"
nI¢ j #SN R /‡¢ ¡wr q%
; 9Q T# mt[UA A9;#M ’?
N;L ?’’ R˜ SN ` >Ë# t

69. 68
8.8.8.8. A‹A‹A‹A‹ ~~~~ EEEE ?Y I'?Y I'?Y I'?Y I' tttt /Civil/Civil/Civil/Civil society/society/society/society/
- A9;#M ¤B¼‹M Rq i—QM ?Y " …
’? ?’’
- • Kž DÏ; ?;ŽŽ ŒI…; ; 9Q
Ñj ? t
- ¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß¾Y’ UÓv` S`J−‹ u›ß
- 12 ¾e’UÓv` S`J−‹ ƒ`Ñ<T†¨<“
uÁ”Ç”Æ S`J Y` ŸW^}™‹“ ŸHLò−‹
U” ”ÅT>Öup uUdK? ßU` Tw^]Á
¾T>k`wuƒ
- Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Gk˜’ƒ (Integrity)
- p”’ƒp”’ƒp”’ƒp”’ƒ ((((Honesty)
- T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (T˜’ƒ (Loyality))))
- ÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒÓMê’ƒ ((((Transparency)
- T>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖupT>eÖ=` SÖup (Confidentiality))))
- }ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ}ÖÁm’ƒ ((((Accountablity)
- ¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU¾I´w” ØpU TekÅU ((((Serving the public
interst)

70. 69
- YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (YM×”” u›Óvu< SÖkU (Exercising
legitimate)
- ›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (›KTÇLƒ (Impartiality)
- QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (QÓ T¡u` (Respecting the law)
- KI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒKI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒKI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒKI´w ØÁo }Ñu=¨<” ULi SeÖƒ
((((Responsiveness)
- ›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (›`›Á SJ” (Exercising leadership)

71. 70
TÖnKÁTÖnKÁTÖnKÁTÖnKÁ
¾S<e“ ƒ`Ñ<U ¾ ”ÓK=´—¨<” "Corruption" ¾T>K¨<” nM
”Ç=ÑMê ¾U”ÖkUuƒ ŸÓ°´ ¾}¨[c nM ’¨<:: S<e“
(Corruption) ¾T>K¨< nM ”Ç=ÑMì¨< ¾T>ðKѨ< É`Ñ>ƒ ¨ÃU
}Óv` ¨<ewew “ Éwp ”Ç=G<U u`Ÿƒ ÁK<“ }³TÏ’ƒ
ÁL†¨< ’Ña‹ uSJ“†¨< ¾}KÁ¿ c−‹ u}KÁ¾ SM¡
Ã}[Ñ<S< M:: J•U uSeŸ< Ø“ƒ“ U`U` ¾T>Á"H>Æ
UG<^•‹'›KU ›kó© '›IÑ<^©“ HÑ` ukM É`Ï„‹
¾}KÁ¿ SÑKÝ−‹” SW[ƒ uTÉ[Ó S<e“ KT>K¨< nM
ƒ`Ñ<U u=cÖ<U ƒ`Ñ<V‡ c=Ö?’< u¨<e׆¨< G<K<”U
K=ÁÓvu< ¾T>‹K< SW[ © ’Øx‹” SÁ³†¨< Ãe}ªLM::
uØpK< K›w’ƒ ÁIM ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ” S<e“ KT>K¨< nM
¾}cÖ<ƒ” ƒ`Ñ<V‹ ”n˜:-
ÑSÂÑSÂÑSÂÑSÂ xd‰N xlm-bQ½ XMnT ¥g#dL wYM xlm¬mN½
bg#ï½ bML©Â bxDlÖ ¦QN½ Wún@N wYM FTHN ¥²ÆT ’¨<
(Oxford English Dictionary) ::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ uÓM ¨ÃU uu<É”' uþK+" S]−‹ ¨ÃU uu=a¡^„‹
eM×”“ HLò’ƒ” SŸ uTÉ[Ó' ¾I´w” ØpU“ õLÑAƒ KÓM
ØpU ¾TªM ›=-Y’-UÓv^© É`Ñ>ƒ c=J”' uS”Óeƒ“ uI´w
Hwƒ“ ”w[ƒ Là e`qƒ SðìU' ´`òÁ T"H@É'
Tßu`u`'IÓ“ Y`¯ƒ” }ŸƒKA ŸSY^ƒ
u´UÉ“'uƒ¨<¨<p' uþK+" ¨Ñ’}˜’ƒ' uÑAc˜’ƒ' uHÃT•ƒ

72. 71
ƒee` Là }S`Ÿ<µ uSY^ƒ ›ÉKA SðìU' õƒI” TÕÅM“
eM×”“ Lò’ƒ” uIÑ¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾ØpU TÓ— ¾TÉ[Ó Ÿ<Ã
}Óv` ’¨< (Ÿ?Uüa“MÉ“ c`x`«M 2000) ::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ ¾þK+"“ ¾S”ÓYƒ ›e}ÇÅ^© HLò’ƒ” "KS¨×ƒ
¾T>S’ß' TIu^©“ ›e}ÇÅ^© e`¯„‹” ¾S×e ¾Y’-UÓv`
ÓÉðƒ c=J” ÃIU KÓM ØpU c=vM uI´w ¾}cÖ eM×”“
HLò’ƒ” ›LÓvw uSÖkU IÓ“ Å”w ¾S×e Ÿ<à }Óv^ƒ”
uS<K< ÁÖnMLM (‰`Ke d” æRD 1998)::
S<e“S<e“S<e“S<e“ bmNGST bHZB yts-N SLÈN ¦§ðnT KÓM ØpU
¨ÃU K?L” KSØkU c=vM ›LÓvw SÑMÑM ’¨< (Kimberly,1997 ,
klitgaard,1990, Vishny 1993 & Stapen Horst, Ric,1999) ¾›=ƒ¿åÁ
s”s−‹ Ø“ƒ U`U` ¾›T`— S´Ñu nLƒ (1993) ½ ¯KU ›kõ
¾›=¢•T> MTƒ ƒww` É`σ (OECD) ½ Transparency International)::
u›ß S<e“ HG YR›TN tkTlÖ kmS‰T YLQ SLÈNÂ
¦§ðnTN SŸ uTÉ[Ó HG Y`›TN umÈS ymNGSTÂ
yHZB ¦BT NBrTN mSrQ½ mZrF½ ¥+bRbR ”Ç=G<U
uÑ<x ½bZMD½ bTWWQ½ b¯s"nT½ b±ltEµ wgNt"nTÂ
b¦Y¥ñT TSSR §Y bmmR÷Z xD§*êE bçn xs‰R õƒI”
Á³u< ¾ÓM _QM” T"uƒ“ K?L” ¨Ñ” }Ñu= vMJ’ S”ÑÉ
SØkU ”ÅJ’ Ÿ}cÖ<ƒ ƒ`ÕT@−‹ SÅUÅU ÉLM
© fw?A R? ‹ Až§E © C
Nd#? 9Q M ; ; ?;§E Nà Lv j

73. 72
9Q }%A Ap; – Z @c #Z& ; w?
?;H‚ §E N{{ 9Q !A&K' N ;
Qùj " BR " "UwEà ‰ ‰ b`A A RT
?Z}k N Ë ; k ?; Q k m E ?}I9k 9%
t k ? © k 9Õ A t# k … M }©t ; k
y› … SNà Tw" U9 Em ›I›v ‰
U9 SN Á jbU p} 9 (succession
plan and commit/ since action speaks louder than words)
E‹ ; <& p} /good governance and its
action/ R Ÿ N{{ !p} Ak Aî k ?A
&K' y'A È& N{{ !p} y& AHE N 9
R }I; 9R' / A9; / ¸ ¼bU T T'¢ R F
U9_UA R †ÏNA A Ak y&r¢A p•Ò
A E j N{{ q% R9” M
Lp A R?;T [ ›wR?M #jmA ? w« ;RK •
• NA Y— m _ k RL ‰U ;Sº"
N Ë ; y› : N{{

74. 73
‰: ]$t‰: ]$t‰: ]$t‰: ]$t //// ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
Bertrand de Speville, (1997) Anti-corruption consultant,
Reversing the Onus of Proof: Is it compatible with respect
for human rights norms, submitted to the 9th
anti-corruption
convention,
Japan Times Keidanren-Nikkeiren tieup scheduled for May
2002 start December 21 2000 Retrieved on July 22, 2012
Nippon Keidanren website About Nippon Keidanren
Retrieved on January 16th 2011.
Steven Lowenstein, Materials (1967) the study of the Penal
Law of Ethiopia:
Time (1996) “Time life books” printed in USA New York
City.

75. 74
United States Agency of International Development
USAIDfrom the American people 2004 training module Addis
Ababa.
United Nations (2016) United Nations popletion estimation
http://www.DOW JONES & COMPANY.INC)
______________(2016) latest United Nation popletion
estimation www.Worldometers.info
¾›=ôÇ=] u›pU Ó”vX T>’>e‚` (1994) ¾c=y=M c`y=e ThhÁ
ýaÓ^U ¾Y’ UÓv` ThhÁ”®<e ýaÓ^U Ø^´ 1 “2
/¡õM1'
Fa; a"ž /‡Â D_•m (1998) yI< p 9AQ#
?nE ¨ ]>t mtE 3
For more information you can find
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