Bze europe-discussion group
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BZE monthly Monday discussion group, presented by Matthew Wright and Patrick Hearps with pictures, vedio of SolarPACES conference in France and Torresol SENER’s Gemasolar solar power tower in Spain.
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- 2. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Concentrated Solar Thermal Parabolic Troughs Power Towers
- 3. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g (52 Kilowatts)
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- 5. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Power Towers & Heliostat Field (Concentration Ratio ~ 1500) Siemens Abengoa PS10
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- 9. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Baseload Solar Thermal Power Andasol 1,2, Extresol 1, SAMCA 1, Spain, operating now, 7.5 hours energy storage Torresol Gemasolar Spain, on line 2010, 15 hours energy storage 24 hour Dispatchable Power
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- 13. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g What’s happening in Spain? Access to the grid request of STE projects by Oct 2009 15.561 MW 2440 MW by 2013
- 14. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Solar thermal trough plants - Spain’s largest construction company - Majority shareholder of Leighton Holdings, Australia’s largest construction company Project Pipeline 50MW trough, 7.5 hrs storage Operational Andasol 1 Andasol 2 Extresol 1 Construction/development Andasol 3 Manchasol 1 Manchasol 2 Extresol 2
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- 16. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Learning from experience- EuroTrough vs SENER Trough Euro Trough - 20 troughs per team per day SENER Trough -80 troughs per team per day -25% saving on total project capital cost
- 17. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Manchasol-1
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- 20. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Torresol - Gemasolar
- 21. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Torresol - Gemasolar
- 22. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Torresol - Gemasolar
- 23. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Torresol - Gemasolar
- 24. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Torresol - Gemasolar
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- 34. b e y o n d Z E R O e m i s s i o n s . o r g Support BZE Learn more - Zero Carbon Report - Radio podcasts Support & Donate - Pro Bono research - Tax deductible donations - Communications plan More information at www.beyondzeroemissions.org
Editor's Notes
- Thank whoever organised the talk, Introduce yourself and who you are, Introduce who beyond zero emissions are. “I'm going to talk to you about climate science and how we can solve climate change by repowering Australia with 100 renewable energy in 10 years… When we are confronted by an overwhelming problem without a solution that we think can’t actually solve the problem, the effect is disempowering and demoralising- people don’t want to put energy into something they have no control over, into a fight that cant be won. With regards to energy, at the moment, the overwhelming perception in the community, and among our elected decision makers, is that it is impossible, or at least way too hard, too expensive or too disruptive to decisively transition our energy system to clean energy. The Zero Carbon Australia 2020 project is a campaign aimed squarely at shifting this dominant paralysing and inaccurate CANT DO perception, and presenting a detailed, rigorous and empowering vision of a path Australia can take to transform our energy sector. We believe it is not only necessary, but entirely possible, and indeed broadly beneficial in a whole lot of collateral ways, to act decisively to transform our energy system to clean energy. The project has at its core a series of 5 reports outlining this vision in different sectors of the economy. The stationary energy sector report is the one that is closest to completion, and I’ll be giving a brief overview of that today. Its no accident that the disempowering CANT DO perception dominates in this country. It’s the result of a very deliberate, well funded and effective campaign by a small group of industries with a very strong vested interest in a continuation of the status quo. Reference http://www.beyondzeroemissions.org/about/history
- A key technology that underpins this work is solar thermal power. It's an elegantly simple technology. You use mirrors to concentrate the sun's light to create heat, boil water to create steam and run a steam turbine. There are several different configurations of mirrors used for solar thermal, but I'll talk about just two – parabolic troughs and power towers
- This is not new technology. Parabolic troughs haves been proven technology since 1911. This plant was generating steam to drive pumps to irrigate cotton fields in Egypt. However it was bombed in World War 1, then they found oil, so they didn't rebuild it.
- This is a more modern parabolic trough system. In the 1980s , 354 MW of parabolic troughs were built in the Mohave Desert in California. They are still operating today http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=28
- But the really exciting technology is the molten salt power tower systems that were proven by the U.S. Department of Energy back in the 1990's. Remember the Can't Do claim that renewable energy can't supply baseload power? Solar thermal smashes that myth. For the working fluid it uses molten salt, a mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate which melts above 220degrees Celsius. In this system, you have a 'cold' tank of liquid salt at 290oC, which is pumped up a tower surrounded by a field of flat mirrors, called heliostats. These track the sun and concentrate the sun's light on the top of the tower, where the salt if heated to 565oC, the same temperature that a coal plant operates at. This is then stored in the 'hot' tank, like a big insulated thermos. Whenever you need power, the hot salt is used to generate steam and drive the turbine, then sent back to the cold tank. In this way, the heat storage allows you to generate power around the clock, 24 hours a day. Unlike Solar Photo-Voltaic which produces electricity directly, Solar Thermal concentrates the suns energy using mirrors to produce heat- which is used to create steam to drive a turbine and produce electricity. Heat is much easier and cheaper to store than electricity. The heat that is created using the these parabolic trough mirrors during sunlight hours is used to heat molten salt in these highly insulated tanks- and then dispatched at night as it is needed. This is around the clock, dispatchable solar power- and can replace inflexible baseload power from coal plants which produce the same amount of power 24/7- at 5pm when you need it- and 3 am when you don't- and the plants blow steam and waste power.
- This was proven in the 1990s by the U.S. Department of Energy's “Solar Two” project, run by Lockheed Martin and a number of other national energy laboratories and energy companies. They successfully demonstrated the molten salt power tower technology for 3 years from 1996-1999. Other background The U.S. DoE was all set to scale up its solar thermal program in the early 2000s, but under the watch of the Bush Administration they had almost all of their funding cut off. Full Solar Two program was run by- Sandia National Laboratories – they do solar, nuclear and national security research, run by Lockheed Martin under contract from the U.S. DoE National Renewable Energy Laboratories
- Baseload solar thermal is now in operation and being built over in Spain. - They are undergoing a solar thermal renaissance The top set of images is of the Andasol plants, which combine the parabolic trough technology with molten salt storage. They have enough storage to run at full output for 7.5 hours without sunlight. Below is the Torresol Gemasolar plant, which uses the tower technology when it's operational at the beginning of next year, will have enough storage for 15 hours. That's baseload power even in the middle of winter. This technology has a capacity factor of 75% (ie the amount of the plants capacity utilised) which is higher than NSW black coal
- Spain has 2,440MW of Solar Thermal plant operating or under construction to be completed over the next 3 years. Enough to power about 1/3 of Victoria’s (1/5 of NSW) energy needs. This is over $20 Billion AUD worth of plant to be built by 2013 40 plants either built or under construction, mixture of troughs and towers 2440MW with old feed in tariff. 16000MW in pipeline. Next round of plants will have less feed in tariff use, showing the reduction in cost that occurs as more is built. Two main companies - solar resource, torresol have same technologies They’ve got over 15,000MW of Solar Thermal plant in planning that has received permission to connect to the Spanish Electricity Grid. This would be the equivalent of powering NSW and South Australia with Solar Thermal. The Spanish system is successful not just because it has a feed in tariff but the government is serious about making this happen. Unlike our government which pays lip service and has hobby scale projects to generally humour the public, but is not about seriously repowering our economy with renewables. Spain currently has a feed in tariff policy that backs 800MW per year of Solar Thermal with Storage (24 hour baseload solar) 500MW of direct solar photovoltaic (rooftop like PV) and 2,000MW per year of Wind Power. Spain will achieve 22.7% of Total Energy from Renewable Sources (Heat Water and Space, Transport and Electricity) and will achieve 42.3% of electricity from Renewables by 2020 http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/ActualidadHome/2009-2/07012010_SpainToSurpass_2020RenewableEnergiesTarget.htm Spanish Solar Thermal Industry Association: http://www.protermosolar.com/boletines/boletin24.html#destacados03 Use Google Translate! http://translate.google.com
- The central receiver tower technology that we have specified in our plan was designed by Sandia Laboratories, which are run by Lockheed Martin as part of the U.S. Department of Energy. We have based our system on the Solar 220 MW modules designed by Sandia laboratories, as mentioned before, although our plan involves a progressive ramping up from smaller systems for learning purposes. We have chosen this size because it is about the maximum size for a single tower system, as beyond that there are difficulties in focusing the mirrors on the central receiver. Thus you can maximize the economies of scale, by getting the most amount of power per tower receiver, turbine, These are some engineering drawings drawings of this particularly technology which is currently being commercialized by the US company Solar Reserve at the 50MW Alcazar plant in Spain, and two 150MW in Rice, California and Tonopah , Nevada. Some of the reasons we prefer this technology are that it produces much higher temperatures, which increases efficiency, allows more heat energy to be stored in the thermal storage tanks, and there are far lower line losses than parabolic trough plants which have kms of collector pipes running the length of the mirror field.