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Helix
1. A helix (pl: helixes or helices) is a type of smooth space
curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space. It has the
property that the tangent line at any point makes a
constant angle with a fixed line called the axis. Examples of
helixes are coil springs and the handrails of spiral staircases.
2. A "filled-in" helix – for example, a spiral ramp – is called
a helicoids. Helices are important in biology, as
the DNA molecule is formed as two intertwined helices,
and many proteins have helical substructures, known
as alpha helices. The word helix comes from
the Greekword ἕλιξ, "twisted, curved".
3. Helices can be either right-handed or left-handed. With
the line of sight along the helix's axis, if a clockwise
screwing motion moves the helix away from the
observer, then it is called a right-handed helix; if towards
the observer then it is a left-handed helix. Handedness is a
property of the helix, not of the perspective: a right-
handed helix cannot be turned or flipped to look like a
left-handed one unless it is viewed in a mirror, and vice
versa.
Most hardware screw threads are right-handed helices. The alpha
helix in biology as well as the A and B forms of DNA are also right-
handed helices.
4. In mechanical engineering, a helix angle is the
angle between any helix and an axial line on its
right, circular cylinder or cone. Common
applications are screws, helical gears, and worm
gears.
5. Helical gear
Helical and worm handedness
In helical and worm gears, the helix angle
denotes the standard pitch circle unless
otherwise specified.[1]Application of the helix
angle typically employs a magnitude ranging
from 15 to 30 for helical gears, with 45
capping the safe operation limit.
6. Worm gear
Worm gears resemble helical gear seats, the
difference being that the shafts of a worm train are
aligned perpendicularly. In this case, the helix
angle of the worm meshes with the lead angle of
the worm gear.
