Introduction to IoT and Smart Cities Technologies

IoT and Smart Cities
Part 1: Introduction

hello world;
I am Bhavin Chandarana
I am here because I love technology.
You can find me at @BhavinIoT
Cofounder @
Phaneron Inc,
A Smart, Connected Lifestyle
phaneronsystems.com
Btech + Mtech @
IIT Madras,
Biotech, Batch of 2014
https://iitm.almaconnect.
com/profiles/bhavin-
chandarana-3
Cofounder @
AviPulse Foundation,
Avifaunal Conservation
avipulse.com

AGENDA
Today is going to be a bit different:
◉ Sci/Tech Pop & Business & Case Studies
◉ 3 part series
➢ Introduction - Today
➢ Tech, examples & demo- March
➢ Hands on - April
◉ Extends beyond a lecture - it’s an initiative

PART-1 : Introduction◉ Existing Tech: ICT, IoT, Machine Learning & Big Data
◉ Future Tech: IPv6, RPL, Blockchain
◉ Examples: Waste mgmt, Transportation, Public Spaces
◉ Economics & Human Factors
◉ Case Studies

BIG CONCEPTWhat is a Smart City?

DEFINITION
There are many competing definitions of what a smart city, or a smart technology,
constitutes. Core principles about smart city projects:
◉ Smart city technologies leverage data in a way that either improves or redefines
how a city service is delivered
◉ Smart city investments contribute to a strategic vision for the use of ICT in the
city
◉ Smart city investments can include ‘soft’ measures to facilitate interest in and
the sustainability of the marketplace
◉ Smart cities do not include all new technologies regardless of their use of data

Technology
Smart cities are at an intersection of
Technology, Governance & Citizen Science
1

ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Data Values
Projected global mobile data traffic for 2020 30.6EB/m
Global mobile video traffic per month 2.03 M TB
Mobile share of organic search engine visits in
the U.S 43%
Mobile phone internet user penetration
worldwide 52.7%
B2C m-commerce sales in the U.S.
$83.93bn $83.93bn
Usage Values
Percentage of peak period aggregate traffic of
YouTube 19.22%
Mobile-only unique visitors to Apple Inc. 65.36m
Percentage of time spent on gaming apps on
iOS and Android devices 15%
http://www.statista.com

ICT, Cloud & Mobile
http://www.statista.com

ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Google Trends

ICT
http://www.smartcity-planning.co.jp

Moore’s Law
Number of components on chip doubles every year
Koomey’s Law
Energy efficiency of computation doubles roughly every 1.5 years
Metcalfe’s Law
Value of a network with n nodes ∝O(n2)

IoT
Shift from social media & mobility to data science & analytics
◉ Realtime dashboards & notifications
◉ Business Intelligence & Micro-moments
The rise of Middleware!
◉ AWS IoT
◉ IBM Bluemix®
◉ 2lemetry (bought by Amazon)
◉ Jasper (bought by Cisco)

IoT
◉ Google: Nest, Google Cloud Platform, Brillo
◉ Samsung: Samsung Ventures has been investing in a lot of IoT based startups.
The also have a home automation line up
◉ Apple: Apple Homekit - iOS for home automation
◉ Amazon: AWS-IoT
◉ Intel: Edison®
& Galileo®
prototyping boards, EPID technology
◉ IBM: MQTT protocol, Bluemix®
Platform, lots of middleware
◉ Cisco: Own product line, Investing in / buying a lot of companies

ML & Big Data
Big data: Any data that
cannot fit into an Excel
spreadsheet
◉ Apache Hadoop, Amazon
Redshift, Galera SQL
cluster , Gluster
Machine Learning: Non Linear
Number Crunching in n-D
◉ Wit.ai, api.ai, askZiggy,
etc.
WIRED

Examples
Some startups / initiatives working on smart
cities
2

Waste Management: Compology
Waste Collection Sensors
◉ Est. in 2012 in San Francisco by Ben Chehebar and Jason Gates
◉ A (robust) garbage sensor track the fullness of your front-load and roll-off
containers
◉ Provide realtime information & routes
◉ SaaS & analytics platform
◉ Scalable: Can scale it from one city
to a nationwide network
http://compology.com

Waste Management: Compology
http://compology.com

Waste Management: Enevo
Optimizing garbage collection
◉ Founded in 2010 in Finland
◉ Ultrasonic sensors to measure the fill levels of dumpsters and other waste
receptacles
◉ Waste managers can create dynamic, need-based trash pickup schedules
◉ A web dashboard collects and analyzes the data, and generates routes and
schedules that make sure well-used locations get a pickup before becoming
overfull, while avoiding unnecessary pickups at locations that don’t fill as
quickly.
◉ Cities can experience direct cost savings of up to 50 percent (or so they claim :D)
http://www.enevo.com

Waste Management: Enevo
◉ Raised $15.8 million recently in new
funding
◉ The round was led by Foxconn,
Ginko Ventures and Mistletoe
◉ Participation from previous
investors Earlybird, Lifeline
Ventures, Finnish Industry
Investment
◉ Also individuals
http://www.enevo.com

Waste Management: Loci Controls
Smart Landfill Gas Collection
◉ Based out of Massachusetts
◉ Makes smart, connected hardware that helps landfill operators monitor — and
capture — the natural gases that are produced by decomposing trash
◉ WellWatcher hardware monitors the chemical composition of landfill gas, its flow
rate, and the temperature and pressure inside the pipes. Taking readings a few
times an hour, the battery-powered, solar-rechargeable system reports its data
via a cellular connection
http://locicontrols.com

Smart Landfill Gas Collection
◉ Recently (partially) closed a Series A funding round for an undisclosed amount
◉ The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) led the round, alongside
CommonAngels Venture Fund, Launch Capital, Houston Angel Network, and
several Boston-area angel investors. Loci Controls is a graduate of the Bolt
accelerator, and is housed at Greentown Labs.

Transportation: Smart Bike Locks
Price: $129 (pre-order)
Service Fee: $4.99-$6.99 per month
Connectivity: GPS
Battery Life: 3-4 weeks expected
BikeSpike
Price: $119 Connectivity: Bluetooth
Apps: Apple, Android
Battery: Bitlock can handle 10,000 lock/unlock
operations on a single battery. (Enough for 5-year
battery life with 5 lock/unlock operations a day)
BitLock
Price: $249 Apps: Apple, Android, Microsoft
Connectivity: Bluetooth, GSM/GPRS SIM
Battery: charges while you’re cycling
Sensors: Three-axis gyroscope, accelerometer,
light, temperature
Lock8
GPS technology to locate your bike and cellular
technology to share that location in real time. This
allows you to see where you bike is at any point in
time via the web application or the mobile
application
http://bikespike.com
Bitlock: The world's first keyless bike lock to enable
low cost peer-to-peer bike sharing among
individuals and communities.
Bitlock senses your proximity and identifies you as
you come within 3 feet of your bike
http://bitlock.co
Keyless - No more keys! Use your smartphone as
an e-Key to easily lock and unlock your smart bike
lock.
GPS - Bike GPS tracking to locate your bike if it
goes missing or remember where you left it and
share your location with friends. http://lock8.me

Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
Supercomputer for self-driving cars
◉ 12 CPU cores that support a combined eight teraflops and 24 deep learning tera
operations per second - “equivalent to 150 MacBook Pros”, all sitting in a
computer that's about the size of a lunchbox. Also, its Water-cooled
◉ Process the inputs of 12 video cameras, plus lidar, radar and ultrasonic sensors
◉ Volvo is Nvidia's first partner to use the Drive PX2, it will deploy it in some test
self-driving vehicles
◉ Created a reference platform called the "Nvidia Drivenet" and it is already testing
its own self-driving cars. It has nine inception layers so that it can train itself to
"perceive things out in the world."
◉ It took a few months for the network to recognize objects in real time
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk

Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk

Public Spaces: Array of Things
Network of sensor boxes that will be mounted to lampposts & other infrastructure
◉ By Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago
◉ Each “node” in the network will collect block-by-block environmental data about
temperature, humidity, light, air quality, and eventually even wind and
precipitation
◉ $3.1 million award from the National Science Foundation
◉ They plan to work with the city of Chicago to start deploying Array of Things
hardware in Q4, 2016, with up to 500 nodes in place by the end of 2017
◉ The resulting data sets will be made available to researchers, app developers,
and the public through an open database
◉ The hardware and software are all open-source, and released on GitHub
https://github.

https://github.

http://arrayofthings.github.io API & HW: https://github.com/ArrayOfThings

Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
Quantified Public Spaces
◉ Machine-vision sensor, which is designed to make anonymized counts of vehicle
and foot traffic in public places
◉ A startup based out of New York City. Raised $6 million in recent funding round
◉ Initially, paid beta-testers who would run its app on old smartphones or
webcams placed in windows overlooking busy intersections and plazas.
◉ Made a new sensor - improvement for privacy, reliability and ease of use and
does in situ realtime processing

Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com

Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org
Citizen Wireless Air Quality Monitoring
◉ Citizen science initiative by Brooklyn-based nonprofit HabitatMap
◉ A distributed network of “aircasters” who wear the device and publish the local
air quality data
◉ Explore the link between air quality health issues
◉ AirBeam is Arduino-powered and entirely open-source
◉ Designed to be expandable, both through
➢ the addition of new sensors and
➢ by sharing AirBeam data with other websites and applications
◉ DIY wearables and other accessories that use colored LEDs to represent AirBeam
data in real time
https://github.com/HabitatMap

Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap

Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city
Personal Air Quality Sensor
◉ A wearable air quality monitor with a minimalist look and interface
◉ 2014 project from digital designer Samuel Cox
◉ CO2
sensor, Arduino, BLE and rechargeable battery, 3D-printed biodegradable
plastic case, RGB LED for indication
◉ Syncs with other similar devices like AirBoxLab, Foobot (indoors ) and AirBeam
and Tzoa (outdoors)
◉ Data is synced to a paired smartphone that can keep records of daily air intake,
add the data to crowdsourced maps and help users plot walking and biking
routes that avoid pollution hotspots
http://samuelcox.net

Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city http://samuelcox.net

Economics & Human Factors
With focus on India 3

How to make a country Rich
1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
Equitable Land Distribution
Eradicate Rural Feudalism
3. Spend on Development
Keep finance on the short leash and aligned
with national, long-term industrial interest
2. Make Industries Competitive
Protection & Subsidy
Incentivize Exports
Skills Development
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region

Equitable Land Distribution
Eradicate Rural Feudalism
with national, long-term industrial interest
Protection & Subsidy
Incentivize Exports
Skills Development
with
national, long-term industrial interest
Smart Farming
Smart weather forecasting & analytics
Online Farming Education
P2P lending & Crowdfunding
Analytics & Industrial IoT
Online Diploma & Training
Fastracked & red tape free registration
1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
3. Spend on Development
2. Make Industries Competitive
How can Technology help
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region

India’s Competitiveness Profile
World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge

India’s Competitiveness Performance
World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge

India’s Stakeholder preparedness for City Transformation
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality

Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
● According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2
billion is needed until 2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to maintain
and accelerate economic growth
● The investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure (roads, transport, traffic
support, street lighting, water supply, sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is
estimated at $506.3 billion.
● Approximately half of that amount is needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30%
and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be needed for renewal and redevelopments
of certain urban areas, particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity building of
urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the
required infrastructure projects.
● Given the fact that the public sector is in no position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a
significant funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the required investment in (urban)
infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period
2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion

Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India

India’s Risks in Public Private Partnership (Urban development Projects)

India’s Constraint in Infrastructure Development (next 3 years)

Case Studies
Chicago, Hong Kong
Pune?
4

Genesis: Push for smart cities began with election of Mayor Emanuel
(May 2011)
Key players:
CTO (John Tolva),
CDO (Brett Goldstein),
Smart Chicago Collaborative (partnership b/w City, MacArthur
Foundation & Chicago Community Trust)
ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP

PROJECTS
Infra. Investment
Broadband project
Dynamic Spectrum
Sharing
Sustainable Connectivity
Economic development
Chicago Health Atlas
Windy Grid
Illinois Open Technology
Challenge
Hosted Web Space
Community engagement
The City that Networks
Digital Skills Initiative
Connect Chicago
Smart Health Centres

Funding
Grant Funding: The City of Chicago Department of Innovation and Technology
received grants under the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program of
ARRA for Sustainable Broadband Adoption and the support of Public Computer
Centres. The Smart Chicago Collaborative helps the City administer all of the
projects under this funding
Partnerships Chicago has a corporate partnership with IBM to do some basic
research. The Smart Chicago Collaborative has McArthur Foundation support,
which helps to fund some of the City’s projects
Existing City Funding: Many of the longer term roles in the City are funded
through the City’s budget

Challenges
Financial Capital:
The funding to undertake projects was a key initial challenge.
Human Capital:
A key challenge was in re-tooling the IT department in the city to be able to
respond to these new challenges. Previously the IT department contracted
development work, but now the city has a development and design resource,
and a director of data analytics.

Future Plans
Gigabit Broadband: The broadband work in the city is seen as a transformative
project. The speeds and the price points that they are aiming to hit are intended
to be disruptive. They believe that will be key in fostering innovative and
creative responses to the city’s challenges
City as a Platform: Chicago has many networked devices (e.g. trash cans, bike
sharing schemes). There is an opportunity to get these better connected in a
similar way to the open data portal
Dispersed Digital Literacy: Although there are public computer centres in
Chicago, the next challenge will be bringing these resources out into the street
Ensuring Sustainability

Genesis:
Digital 21 initiative established in 1998 for ICT investment
Organization structure for streamlining governance est. 2004
The current strategy contains five key action areas:
◉ Facilitating a digital economy
◉ Promoting advanced technology and innovation
◉ Developing Hong Kong as a hub for technological
cooperation and trade
◉ Enabling the next generation of public services
◉ Building an inclusive, knowledge-based society.
INTRODUCTION

PROJECTS
EIM: (Electronic Information Management), was central to the 2008 Digital 21 Strategy,
and covers Content Management, Records Management, Knowledge Management
E-government: OGCIO is responsible for running the city’s main website. They aim to
meet 80% of citizens’ needs for dealing with the government on that website, through
e-government services. As of Dec 2012, there are 49 government mobile applications
and 38 government mobile websites
GovWiFi: 100% WiFi enabled city by 2017
Open Data: Demographic, economic, geographical and meteorological data, etc. made
publically available and easily accessible. Govt. sponsored hackathons for the best use
of this data (https://data.gov.hk/en)

Future Plans
Hong Kong will continue to work towards the vision articulated in the Digital 21
strategy, and will update it as new challenges and opportunities are identified. Mr
Godfrey explains that achieving the city’s aim around ICT is a continual process of
improvement, rather than an end-goal:
“Although we have articulated our vision, I don’t think we will ever be able to say
we’ve done it. Because even when you get there, ICT changes so fast that you are
going to have to keep running to achieve the vision.”
He also identifies that shifting to cloud-based ICT operations in the city will be a core
upcoming challenge:
“We see the biggest change in the next few years being how we make use of cloud
computing in government, which will affect both the applications and the
infrastructure”

A SPECIAL THANKS TO
Milind Deore
Founder, Helium Ink
Organizer of IoT, Pune
Ashish Pandey
Founder, Helium Ink
Organizer of IoT, Pune
Anita Bhinge
CEO, Spacetech Designs

THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
@BhavinIoT / bhavin@phaneronsystems.com
Feedback
http://goo.

Introduction to IoT and Smart Cities Technologies

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