1. What is Cybercrime?
 Cybercrime or computer crime is any crime that
involves a computer and a network.
 The computer used in the commission of a crime
or may be the target.
 Both governmental and non-state actors engage
in cybercrimes.
 annual damage to the global economy is at $445
billion.

2. Types of Cybercrimes
 Hacking: a person’s computer is broken into so
that his personal or sensitive information can be
accessed .
 Theft: This crime occurs when a person violates
copyrights and downloads music, movies, games
and software.
 Cyber Stalking: Online harassment wherein the
victim is subjected to a barrage of online messages
and emails.

3. Types of Cybercrimes
 Identity Theft : a criminal accesses data about a person’s
bank account, credit cards, Social Security, debit card
and other sensitive information .
 Malicious Software :These are Internet-based software
or programs that are used to disrupt a network.
 Child soliciting and Abuse :cyber crime wherein
criminals solicit minors via chat rooms for the purpose
of child pornography.

4. Causes of Cybercrime
 Economy : perception of low risk and very high
financial reward.
 Ideology :perceived ethical, ideological or moral
reasons.
 Structural causes :the environment in which cyber
crime is committed.
More and more personal and sensitive information
is stored online.
 Personal: Personal emotions and vendettas.

5. Cybercrimes:Past & Present
Past: ego or expertise
Present: steal, deceive and exploit people.
Cybercrimes can be committed single handedly and does not require
the physical presence of the criminals.
Categories of Cyber Crime:
i. Individual:cyber stalking, distributing pornography
ii. Property:
iii. Government: cyber terrorism

6. Effects of Cyber Crime
 Loss Of Revenue:Caused by an outside party who
obtains sensitive financial information, using it to
withdraw funds from an organization.
 Time Loss: Time is wasted when IT personnel must
devote great portions of their day handling such
incidences.
 Damaged Reputations: customer records are
compromised by a security breach associated with
cyber crime.
 Reduced Productivity: Due to the measures that many
companies must implement to counteract cyber
crime, there is often a negative effect on employees'
productivity.

7. Cybercrimes in Nepal
Past
• email blackmail
• SMS blackmail
• illicit publication in online
world
• data piracy
Present
• unauthorized access of data
• Phishing
• online fraud
• online sale of counterfeit
products
• online illegal activities such
as prostitution

8.  How did she become victim of
cybercrime?

9. Cases:
a. Defamation online or Internet harassment: Nepal
Police have caught a 27 -year-old man, who allegedly impersonated a
girl in a Facebook account.
b. In Cyber cafes, children of young ages can be seen using porn sites.
c. From government to private organizations are using pirated CDs.
Software CDs can be seen in the footpaths of Kathmandu.
d. The police’s Central Investigation Bureau arrested four people, including
two foreign nationals from Nigeria and Sierra Leone, for operating a
fraud racket via SMS.
Existing measures:
a. The 2004 Act declared hacking, stealing data, pirating software and
posting defamatory information online as criminal and civil offences.
Under this law, the government can punish cyber-offenders with up to
five years of imprisonment and/or a fine of up to Rs 50,000, contingent
upon the crime’s severity.

10. Weak Enforcement
Although the present Act does touch on a few
important issues, the enforcement part is minimal
because of several reasons. First, both the police and
judiciary have not developed sophisticated tools to
investigate cybercrimes. At present, there are only
two units that deal with cybercrimes—the Cybercrime
Investigation Cell at Hanuman Dhoka and the Central
Investigation Bureau. But even when cybercrime cell
discovers a fake Facebook account, it can only block
the account because Nepali law does not allow access
to a user’s IP address.

11. Tips for Safety
1. latest security software, web browser and
operating system,updated.
2. Strong Password
3. Install Firewall
4. If you are connected to a public WiFi, don't
access sites where you need to enter your
password, credit card information etc.
5. Install Anti-virus Software
6. Monitor your Children’s Online Activities

12. Facebook: Emerging Cyber Crime
o What are the precautions before
crime?
o What to do after becoming victim
of cybercrime?

13. Zero Minute
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Best of Luck: Your SLC Exam
Thank You
Kathmandu Valley Leo Club