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Liverpool Mission Academy




            PP100
      Sermon Presentation
          Session 12
     www.preachersforum.org
Learning Outcomes
1. Critically evaluate the connection between the
  preacher’s credibility and the effectiveness of
  sermons.

2. Describe the importance of the kerygma to
  gospel preaching.

3. Evaluate ways in which preachers can become
  more effective and confident in preparing and
  presenting sermons.
Session Aims
1. To help the student
    become a more
    advanced preacher.

2. To explore both the
    general and specific
    qualities of
    communication needed in
    the preacher’s life.
Is there a connection between these two
                    aims?

Although it may not seem obvious at first,
  “great preachers are not great at what
  they do because they are just good at
  public communication; they are great
  because their whole lives communicate
  the message they are preaching in and
  out of the pulpit.”

                                (Class Notes, p. 136).
“Persuasion is achieved by the
    speaker's personal character
    when the speech is so spoken
    as to make us think him
    credible. We believe good men
    more fully and more readily
    than others…
It is not true, as some writers
    assume in their treatises on
    rhetoric, that the personal
    goodness revealed by the
    speaker contributes nothing to               Aristotle
    his power of persuasion; on
                                             (384 BC – 322 BC)
    the contrary, his character may
    almost be called the most
    effective means of persuasion
    he possesses.”
               Rhetoric, Book 1, Chapter 2
“For who does not know
  that words carry greater
  conviction when spoken
  by men of good repute
  than when spoken by
  men who live under a
  cloud, and that the
  argument which is made
  by a man's life has more
                                             Isocrates
  weight than that which is
                                            (436–338 BC)
  furnished by words?”
        Antidosis, Speech 15, Section 278
Kerux and Kerygma
Kerux: “A herald or messenger
  vested with public authority, who
  conveyed the official messages
  of kings, magistrates, princes,
  military commanders, or who
  gave a public summons or
  demand, and performed various
  other duties.
In the NT God’s ambassador, and
  the herald or proclaimer of the
  divine word.”                         David Mitchell
           Thayer’s Greek Lexicon     Chester Town Crier
• Jesus came ‘proclaiming the good news of
  the kingdom’ (Matt. 4.23, 9.35; Mark 1.14;
  Luke 3.18, 20.1)
• Jesus sent out his disciples to proclaim
  the news of the kingdom (Matt. 10.1-5)
• Peter proclaimed the good news of the
  gospel on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2)
• Kerux = “the proclamation of the death,
  resurrection and forgiveness of sins in
  Jesus, with the promise of his inner
  presence by the Holy Spirit.”
                                 (Class Notes, p. 138)
Kerygma relates to “the core message of the
     gospel of Jesus Christ; the heart of the early
                 Christian message.”
• The apostles focused less upon the actual
  teachings of Christ and more upon the passion
  story: what Christ accomplished through his
  death and resurrection (John 5.24; Rom.
  6.19-23).
• This message of the ‘good news’ propelled the
  early Christians to go all over the Mediterranean
  world preaching this gospel message and
  making converts.
• The early Christians planted churches and
  discipled new believers; hence the pastoral and
  theological concerns of Paul’s epistles.
In light of this historical overview of Christian
        preaching we must ask the question:

What exactly is considered ‘good preaching’?
‘Good preaching’ should ideally accomplish
           at least two major aims:


         Kerygma                               Didache
     Proclamation of the
                                          Teaching Function
       Gospel Message
                                             (Edification)
        (Evangelism)



Explaining the gospel in order for     Helping to shape the life and
people to enter the Kingdom and      faith of those within the church:
  become believers in Christ            present participants of the
                                              Kingdom of God
“For God will have His people to be edified;
  and He hath appointed His Word for that
  purpose. Therefore, if we go not about the
  salvation of the people, that they may
  receive nourishment by the doctrine that is
  taught them, it is sacrilege; for we pervert
  the pure use of the Word of God…
For God will have nothing preached in His
  name, but that which will profit and edify
  the hearers, nothing but that which
  containeth good matter.”
                        Calvin, “Pure Preaching of the Word.”
Evaluating Effective Preaching
• Does the preacher/teacher have to be a
  believer in order to preach in churches?
• Should the preacher have at least a basic
  knowledge of Scripture and the Christian
  faith?
• How can we know if the preacher is ‘an
  effective communicator?’
• What evidence exists that people are
  responding positively to the message?
• Is it clear whether or not preaching is that
  person’s gift?
• Is the preacher’s life consistent with the
  message he or she proclaims?
• Does the preacher structure his or her
  message in such a way that it makes
  sense to the listeners? Can they follow it?
• Are the preacher’s messages grounded in
  the real contextual needs of the listeners?
• Is the preacher’s use of language
  understandable and accessible to the
  listeners?
Communication Science
 How effective is a purely didactic (lecture-
       style) approach to preaching?

Studies of speakers and listeners reveal that
   communication occurs on three levels:

       Visual                           Vocal                          Verbal
         55%                           38%                               7%
   (Body Language)                (Tone of Voice)                      (Words)



      Bradbury Andrew, Successful Presentation Skills. London: Kogan Page, 2006: 5.
Visual
    What sorts of ‘body language clues’ might these
               give to a listening audience?
•   Hands in pockets
•   Hands behind back
•   Hands on hips
•   Scratching neck/ear
•   Open arms/gestures
•   Crossed arms
•   ‘Pointing the finger’
•   Not making eye contact
‘The Aura Effect’
Maintaining good eye contact with the entire
 listening audience is critical for preachers.
What happens when a preacher does not
   maintain good eye contact with the
              audience?



 What happens when a preacher does
  maintain good eye contact with the
             audience?
Vocal
    How might the modulation and tone of the preacher’s voice
          affect the emotions of the listening audience?


• Shouting
• Mumbling
• Conversational style
• Dramatized speech
  ‘Televangelist’ style
• Lowered voice
• Use of pauses
Verbal
    How might a purely ‘lecture style’ of preaching
           affect the listening audience?
• Listeners retain about
  3% of speeches
• Monotone and boring?
• ‘Same method used
  each week’
• Use of outdated
  ‘Christian jargon’
• Lazy approach?
Sermon Preparation
I’m getting ready to preach a sermon.
  When should I panic—now or later?
Engagement Strategies
      To help avoid some of the panic, utilize some of the
  following ‘engagement strategies’ well in advance of your
                          sermon:
• Outline your purpose—what do you believe God is
  calling you to accomplish with this sermon? Your
  ‘purpose statement’ can help you to discover the most
  effective rhetorical strategies for your sermon shape.
• Analyze your audience—to whom are you preaching?
  What are their needs and challenges?
• Collect your information—put your information
  together in a way that is interesting, logical, relevant and
  relatable.
• Choose your style—what shape or form does your
  sermon take? Narrative, expository, topical? What is the
  form of the biblical text, and should that impact upon the
  ultimate form taken by your sermon?
Sermon Preparation Tips
•   Outcome orientation—what is your hoped-for
    outcome of this sermon? What do you want
    the audience to take away?
•   ‘Chunking’—dissect your sermon sections
    into ‘bite-sized chunks’ and decide where you
    might place illustrations, applications etc.
•   Fine tune—following your preparation, leave
    for a day or two and come back to it; then
    rework and fine-tune it.
4. Limit points of view—are you sharing
  from yours, the audience’s, or a neutral
  observer’s point of view?
5. Believe in yourself—project a positive
  outcome to the sermon rather than a
  negative ‘self-fulfilling prophecy.’
6. Practice makes perfect—rehearse the
  sermon multiple times beforehand and
  when you preach it, do not deviate from
  what you’ve practised—no matter how
  tempting it may seem!
Developing Confidence as a Preacher
• Develop humility: learn to be realistic about your
  strengths and weaknesses as a preacher.
• This can be done through honest feedback and
  critical assessments of your preaching from people
  you trust have your best interests at heart.
• Develop a team approach to preaching that
  incorporates the notion of ‘doing theology in
  community.’
• Be aware of group dynamics: smaller groups tend to
  be more intimate, whereas larger groups can
  become a disconnected and possibly intimidating
  ‘sea of faces.’
• Beware of the ‘showman effect’: preaching for the
  sake of entertaining the audience.
        (Adapted from class notes written by Rev. Dan Yarnell & Rev Dr Andy Hardy,
                               Springdale College, England)

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PP100: Sermon Presentation

  • 1. Liverpool Mission Academy PP100 Sermon Presentation Session 12 www.preachersforum.org
  • 2. Learning Outcomes 1. Critically evaluate the connection between the preacher’s credibility and the effectiveness of sermons. 2. Describe the importance of the kerygma to gospel preaching. 3. Evaluate ways in which preachers can become more effective and confident in preparing and presenting sermons.
  • 3. Session Aims 1. To help the student become a more advanced preacher. 2. To explore both the general and specific qualities of communication needed in the preacher’s life.
  • 4. Is there a connection between these two aims? Although it may not seem obvious at first, “great preachers are not great at what they do because they are just good at public communication; they are great because their whole lives communicate the message they are preaching in and out of the pulpit.” (Class Notes, p. 136).
  • 5. “Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more fully and more readily than others… It is not true, as some writers assume in their treatises on rhetoric, that the personal goodness revealed by the speaker contributes nothing to Aristotle his power of persuasion; on (384 BC – 322 BC) the contrary, his character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion he possesses.” Rhetoric, Book 1, Chapter 2
  • 6. “For who does not know that words carry greater conviction when spoken by men of good repute than when spoken by men who live under a cloud, and that the argument which is made by a man's life has more Isocrates weight than that which is (436–338 BC) furnished by words?” Antidosis, Speech 15, Section 278
  • 7. Kerux and Kerygma Kerux: “A herald or messenger vested with public authority, who conveyed the official messages of kings, magistrates, princes, military commanders, or who gave a public summons or demand, and performed various other duties. In the NT God’s ambassador, and the herald or proclaimer of the divine word.” David Mitchell Thayer’s Greek Lexicon Chester Town Crier
  • 8. • Jesus came ‘proclaiming the good news of the kingdom’ (Matt. 4.23, 9.35; Mark 1.14; Luke 3.18, 20.1) • Jesus sent out his disciples to proclaim the news of the kingdom (Matt. 10.1-5) • Peter proclaimed the good news of the gospel on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2) • Kerux = “the proclamation of the death, resurrection and forgiveness of sins in Jesus, with the promise of his inner presence by the Holy Spirit.” (Class Notes, p. 138)
  • 9. Kerygma relates to “the core message of the gospel of Jesus Christ; the heart of the early Christian message.” • The apostles focused less upon the actual teachings of Christ and more upon the passion story: what Christ accomplished through his death and resurrection (John 5.24; Rom. 6.19-23). • This message of the ‘good news’ propelled the early Christians to go all over the Mediterranean world preaching this gospel message and making converts. • The early Christians planted churches and discipled new believers; hence the pastoral and theological concerns of Paul’s epistles.
  • 10. In light of this historical overview of Christian preaching we must ask the question: What exactly is considered ‘good preaching’?
  • 11. ‘Good preaching’ should ideally accomplish at least two major aims: Kerygma Didache Proclamation of the Teaching Function Gospel Message (Edification) (Evangelism) Explaining the gospel in order for Helping to shape the life and people to enter the Kingdom and faith of those within the church: become believers in Christ present participants of the Kingdom of God
  • 12. “For God will have His people to be edified; and He hath appointed His Word for that purpose. Therefore, if we go not about the salvation of the people, that they may receive nourishment by the doctrine that is taught them, it is sacrilege; for we pervert the pure use of the Word of God… For God will have nothing preached in His name, but that which will profit and edify the hearers, nothing but that which containeth good matter.” Calvin, “Pure Preaching of the Word.”
  • 13. Evaluating Effective Preaching • Does the preacher/teacher have to be a believer in order to preach in churches? • Should the preacher have at least a basic knowledge of Scripture and the Christian faith? • How can we know if the preacher is ‘an effective communicator?’ • What evidence exists that people are responding positively to the message?
  • 14. • Is it clear whether or not preaching is that person’s gift? • Is the preacher’s life consistent with the message he or she proclaims? • Does the preacher structure his or her message in such a way that it makes sense to the listeners? Can they follow it? • Are the preacher’s messages grounded in the real contextual needs of the listeners? • Is the preacher’s use of language understandable and accessible to the listeners?
  • 15. Communication Science How effective is a purely didactic (lecture- style) approach to preaching? Studies of speakers and listeners reveal that communication occurs on three levels: Visual Vocal Verbal 55% 38% 7% (Body Language) (Tone of Voice) (Words) Bradbury Andrew, Successful Presentation Skills. London: Kogan Page, 2006: 5.
  • 16. Visual What sorts of ‘body language clues’ might these give to a listening audience? • Hands in pockets • Hands behind back • Hands on hips • Scratching neck/ear • Open arms/gestures • Crossed arms • ‘Pointing the finger’ • Not making eye contact
  • 17. ‘The Aura Effect’ Maintaining good eye contact with the entire listening audience is critical for preachers.
  • 18. What happens when a preacher does not maintain good eye contact with the audience? What happens when a preacher does maintain good eye contact with the audience?
  • 19. Vocal How might the modulation and tone of the preacher’s voice affect the emotions of the listening audience? • Shouting • Mumbling • Conversational style • Dramatized speech ‘Televangelist’ style • Lowered voice • Use of pauses
  • 20. Verbal How might a purely ‘lecture style’ of preaching affect the listening audience? • Listeners retain about 3% of speeches • Monotone and boring? • ‘Same method used each week’ • Use of outdated ‘Christian jargon’ • Lazy approach?
  • 21. Sermon Preparation I’m getting ready to preach a sermon. When should I panic—now or later?
  • 22. Engagement Strategies To help avoid some of the panic, utilize some of the following ‘engagement strategies’ well in advance of your sermon: • Outline your purpose—what do you believe God is calling you to accomplish with this sermon? Your ‘purpose statement’ can help you to discover the most effective rhetorical strategies for your sermon shape. • Analyze your audience—to whom are you preaching? What are their needs and challenges? • Collect your information—put your information together in a way that is interesting, logical, relevant and relatable. • Choose your style—what shape or form does your sermon take? Narrative, expository, topical? What is the form of the biblical text, and should that impact upon the ultimate form taken by your sermon?
  • 23. Sermon Preparation Tips • Outcome orientation—what is your hoped-for outcome of this sermon? What do you want the audience to take away? • ‘Chunking’—dissect your sermon sections into ‘bite-sized chunks’ and decide where you might place illustrations, applications etc. • Fine tune—following your preparation, leave for a day or two and come back to it; then rework and fine-tune it.
  • 24. 4. Limit points of view—are you sharing from yours, the audience’s, or a neutral observer’s point of view? 5. Believe in yourself—project a positive outcome to the sermon rather than a negative ‘self-fulfilling prophecy.’ 6. Practice makes perfect—rehearse the sermon multiple times beforehand and when you preach it, do not deviate from what you’ve practised—no matter how tempting it may seem!
  • 25. Developing Confidence as a Preacher • Develop humility: learn to be realistic about your strengths and weaknesses as a preacher. • This can be done through honest feedback and critical assessments of your preaching from people you trust have your best interests at heart. • Develop a team approach to preaching that incorporates the notion of ‘doing theology in community.’ • Be aware of group dynamics: smaller groups tend to be more intimate, whereas larger groups can become a disconnected and possibly intimidating ‘sea of faces.’ • Beware of the ‘showman effect’: preaching for the sake of entertaining the audience. (Adapted from class notes written by Rev. Dan Yarnell & Rev Dr Andy Hardy, Springdale College, England)