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Coaching Solutions

The Project Manager as Change Agent
Brian Bozzuto




            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved
The State of IT Project Management                                                             PM As Change Agent


    Click to edit Master text styles
    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third level
    ____ _____
    Fourth level
    _____ _____
    Fifth level
    ____ _____
      I swear to give the requirements,
         the whole requirements and
         nothing but the requirements                                           You can have all the change you
                                                                               want, but we will need to negotiate
                                                                                          those costs




                                                                          No need to look around too closely,
                                                                          we’re doing what we were told and
                                                                          the metrics appear good!


                                          © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


2
What’s Going On?                                                                             PM As Change Agent


    Click to edit Master text styles
    ____ __Desire _____ ____ ______
         Our ____                                                                            The Reality
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third level
    ____ _____             The PM is stuck in
                               the middle
    Fourth level
    _____ _____
    Fifth level
    ____ _____




           A world that is                                                                 A world that is complex,
       structured, ordered &                                                                fluid & ever changing
            predictable

                               But we hire REALLY good
                                people to manage this

                                  © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


3
But Is The Customer Satisfied?                                                          PM As Change Agent


    Click to edit Master text styles
    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ levelAnonymous comments from a business partner
    ____ _____ near you…
    Third level
    Fourth level “I’m not going to call that a low priority, because then
    _____ _____
    ____ _____ you’ll just cut it. I need everything!”
    Fifth level
                    “You built what I asked for, but it’s not what I need”




     “If the business doesn’t get what they want, they will
         simply find a way to pay less for not getting what they
         want”
               - Ken Schwaber, Co-Creator of Scrum
                                   © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


4
Then Someone Clever Comes Along…                                              PM As Change Agent


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    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third level
    ____ _____
    Fourth level
    _____ _____
    Fifth level
    ____ _____




                         © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


5
Not All Organizations Are Receptive to Change                                        PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                                © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


6
We Can Get Stuck in Red Tape                                                   PM As Change Agent


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    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third level
    ____ _____
    Fourth level
    _____ _____
    Fifth level
    ____ _____




                          © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


7
What Do You Do?                                                               PM As Change Agent


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    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third levelYour Job
    ____ _____                                                         Doing the
    Fourth level
    _____ _____                                                        right thing
    Fifth level
    ____ _____




                         © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


8
Some People Tolerate It                                                            PM As Change Agent


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    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
    Second_____
    _____ level
    Third level
    ____ _____
    Fourth level
    _____ _____
    Fifth level
    ____ _____




                              © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


9
Others Charge Boldly Into Battle                                                 PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


10
     A dead change agent is a bad change agent
You Can Have the Right Idea…                                                              PM As Change Agent

     Do you know this man?
     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____

     Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis                                                                      Instead we know him




                             These were his empirical results…




                                                                                                 Louis Pasteur
                                      © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


11
Why is this so Hard?                                                                  PM As Change Agent


     ►  There is ____ _____ ____to take in
     ____ __ nothing more difficult ______
     Click to edit Master text styles
     Secondmore perilous to conduct, or more
       hand, level
     _____ _____
       uncertain in its success, than to take the
     Third level introduction of a new order of
     ____ in the
       lead
             _____
     Fourth levelthe reformer has enemies in all
     _____ _____
       things. For
     Fifth level profit by the old order, and only
     ____ _____
       those who
       lukewarm defenders in all those who
       would profit by the new order, this
       lukewarmness arising partly from fear of
       their adversaries … and partly from the
       incredulity of mankind, who do not truly
       believe in anything new until they have
       had actual experience of it.
     – Niccolo Machiavelli



                                  © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


12
Clustering Effects                                                               PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




       Even if we’re wrong, we’re wrong together!
                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


13
It’s All In Your Perspective                                                       PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                               © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


14
But From a Different Perspective                                                 PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


15
So What Horizon Do We View Projects?                                           PM As Change Agent


     ►  Days…____ _____ ____ ______
     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __
     Second_____
     _____ level
     ►  Weeks…
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     ►  Months…
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     ►  Quarters…

     ►  Years…




                           © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


16
What’s The Perspective of Your Teammates?                                        PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                                                          How many of you have ever used
                                                          the phrase “throw it over the wall”

                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


17
Experience verse Memory                                                                    PM As Change Agent


     ►  We don’t____ decisions based
     ____ __ make _____ ____ ______
     Click to edit Master text styles
     Second_____ rather our
        on experiences,
     _____ level
        memories of experiences
     Third level
     ____ _____
     ►  Our memory is fallible and
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level in peculiar ways
        operates
     ____ _____
           à  We remember a 1 week vacation
               as being as good as a 2 week
               vacation)
           à  Our memory is heavily
               influenced by the end of an
               experience

     ►    Could this lead us to fearing
          falling of the edge of the world?
     ►    So how could we build a
          system with a better
          perspective?
                                       © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


18
I Can’t Tell You How to Feel Good About This                                       PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                               © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


19
Nor Can I Self-Organize You                                                     PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


20
Agile Is Not Enough!                                                              PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level why exactly are
     _____ _____
               So
     Fifth level we doing this?
     ____ _____




        “Being Agile” Is not a reason!

                              © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


21
Characteristics of a Clear Goal                                                          PM As Change Agent


     ►  Specific & measurable ____ ______
     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____
     Second_____ of real value
     _____ level
     ►  Representative
     Third level
     ____ _____
     ►  Time bound
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     “The 100,000 Lives Campaign is a nationwide
     initiative launched by the Institute for Healthcare
     Improvement (IHI) to significantly reduce morbidity
     and mortality in American health care. Building on
     the successful work of health care providers all
     over the world, we are introducing proven best
     practices across the country to help participating
     hospitals extend or save as many as 100,000
     lives. With your help, IHI and its partners in this
     work believe it’s possible to achieve this in 18
     months (January 2005 through June 2006) and in
     every year thereafter.” (www.ihi.org)
                                     © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


22
A Model for Change                                                                 PM As Change Agent


     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______Deploy Rapid Response Teams at
     Click to edit Master text styles • 
                                         the first sign of patient decline
     Second_____
     _____ level                      •  Deliver Evidence-Based Care for
     Third level
     ____ _____                          Acute Myocardial Infarction to
     Fourth level
     _____ _____                         prevent deaths from heart attack
                                      •  Prevent Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)
     Fifth level
     ____ _____                          by implementing medication
                                                             reconciliation
                                                          •  Prevent Central Line Infections by
                                                             implementing the "Central Line
  Clarify                                                    Bundle"
Measurable                 Identify vital                 •  Prevent Surgical Site Infections by

 Results                    behaviors                        delivering the correct perioperative
                                                             antibiotics at the proper time
                                                          •  Prevent Ventilator-Associated
                                                             Pneumonia by implementing a series
                                                             of interdependent, scientifically
                                                             grounded steps including the
                                                             "Ventilator Bundle” (www.ihi.org)
                               © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


23
Five Vital Behaviors                                                            PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


24
1. Work in Small Batches                                                                PM As Change Agent


     ►  Canto edit Master text styles
     Click be completed in a smaller ______
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____
     Second_____let us see the big
        time horizon,
     _____ level
        picture
     Third level
     ____ _____
     ►  Will be_____
     Fourth level iteratively,
     _____ done
     ____ _____ to try new
        opportunities
     Fifth level
          things
     ►    Limited work in process,
          reduced risk and carrying
          cost                                                                       Just one
     ►    Fast delivery time, lets people                                            thing…
          “experience it” faster




                                    © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


25
2. Create Visibility                                                            PM As Change Agent


      Click to edit Master text styles
      ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
      Second_____
      _____ level
      Third level
      ____ _____
      Fourth level
      _____ _____
      Fifth level
      ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


26
Visualizing the Flow of Work                                                     PM As Change Agent


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     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


27
Walking Through a Product                                                       PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


28
Visual Tools to Conceptualize the Process                                                PM As Change Agent


     Backlog__ ____ _____ ____& Dev
     Click to Test Cases text styles
      ____ edit Master Design ______                                                Validation               Done
     Second_____Done
     _____ In Process
              level     In Process                       Done           In Process            Done


     Third level
     ____ _____              Front End


     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
                             Database




                                                                        New Feature                  Bob
                                                                                                     John
                                                                        Enhancement
                                                                                                     Rajesh
                                                                        Bug Fix
                                                                                                     Cindy
                                                                        Infrastructure               Kyle
                                                                                                     Susan
                                                                        Block
                                                                                                     Jane
                                     © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


29
3. Work Iteratively                                                                    PM As Change Agent


     The benefits ofMaster againstyles
     Click to edit doing it text & ______
      ____ __ ____ _____ ____
       again…
     Second_____
      _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     ►  Pattern for Cooperation
     Fourth level Progress
     _____ _____
     ►  Feedback on
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     ►    Opportunities to Learn
     ►    Lower Stakes




                                   © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


30
Systems Are Grown, Not Built                                                         PM As Change Agent


     “I find thatedit Master text styles
     Click to teams can grow ____ ______
      ____ __ ____ _____ much
     Second_____ entities in four
      _____ complex
         more level
         months than they can build.”
     Third level
     ____ _____
     FourthBrooks, “No Silver Bullet”
      - Fred _____
     _____ level
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                                 © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


31
Managing Scope – Incrementing                                                        PM As Change Agent


     ►  Imagine painting textSistine Chapel
     Click to edit Master the ____ ______
     ____ __ ____ _____ styles                                             in small increments
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




     ►  What   assumptions do we make when working this way?
        à  We know the complete solution
        à  We will have enough time to get to the end

                                 © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


32
Managing Scope – Iterating                                                          PM As Change Agent


     Click to imagine_____ ____ ______ but done by a series of
     ►  Now edit Master text styles of art,
     ____ __ ____ the same work
     Second_____ iterations, each one adding more quality
     _____ level
        successive
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




     ►  What   assumptions are we making this time?
        à  Our vision of the product may change over time
        à  We may achieve what we need and be able to stop early
                                © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


33
Quantitative Changes Impact Qualitative Experience                                       PM As Change Agent


      Click to edit frequency of ____ ______ your experience?
      How does the Master text styleschange
      ____ __ ____ _____ arrivals
      Second_____
      _____ level
      Third level
      ____ _____
      Fourth level
      _____ _____
      Fifth level
      ____ _____




                                     © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


34
4. Create Positive Tension                                                                 PM As Change Agent


     ►  Common Sources
     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
         à  Time boxes
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third Limits to work in process
         à 
     ____ level
              _____
         à  Team rules
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
         à  Team commitment
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     ►    Without tension, there is no
          pressure to improve




      IMPORTANT! These are best when self-imposed

                                       © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


35
In and Out of Flow                                                            PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                          © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


36
How Is Your Team Motivated?                                                      PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____

     Extrinsic motivations                                Intrinsic motivations
     ►    Bonuses                                         ►      Autonomy
     ►    Rewards                                         ►      Mastery
     ►    Reprimands                                      ►      Purpose




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


37
5. Get Feedback to Adjust                                                                 PM As Change Agent


     ►  Product Feedback
     Click to edit Master text styles ►  Project
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______                                                  Feedback
     _____ levelspecification
         à  Fitness to
     Second_____                                                     à  Rate of completion

     Third Fitness to purpose
         à 
     ____ level
              _____                                                  à  Issues & impediments
         à  Opportunities to improve product                        à  Opportunities to improve
     Fourth level
     _____ _____                                                           performance
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                                      © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


38
The Whole thing is a System                                                             PM As Change Agent


     ►  How __ ____ it take to ____ ______
     ____ long does _____ fill a
     Click to edit Master text styles
     _____ oflevel
        glass water?
     Second_____
     ►  Howlevel do you turn the
     Third _____
     ____ much
        knob?
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     ►    These decisions are not
          predetermined, but rather
          influenced by your observation
          of the system



            Watch the water                                                          Adjust the faucet’s
          flowing into the cup                                                       knob to control the
                                                                                            flow
                                    © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


39
What Feedback Loops Do We Use?                                                      PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles The Diplomat
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level                      ►  I’ll do what I’m told
     Third level
     ____ _____                       ►  I don’t want to upset people or
     Fourth level
     _____ _____                         rock the boat
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
                                                     ►     My value is measured by
                                                           other’s view of me




Requests to
                                                     Ability to
 do things
                                                     respond



                                © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


40
What Feedback Loops Do We Use?                                                       PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles The Expert
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level                      ►  I will operate according to the
     Third level
     ____ _____                          best practices &
     Fourth level
     _____ _____                         recommendations
     Fifth level
     ____ _____                       ►  My value is measured by
                                                    technical expertise
Technical
                                                 Tactical
standards
                                               capabilities



Requests to
                                                      Ability to
 do things
                                                      respond



                                 © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


41
What Feedback Loops Do We Use?                                                    PM As Change Agent


    ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ The Achiever
    Click to edit Master text styles
Business _____
    Second level
    _____                          Business ►  I get the outcomes
objectives level
    Third _____
    ____                          outcomes desired
    Fourth level
    _____ _____                             ►  My value is measured by
    Fifth level
    ____ _____                                 achieving goals
Technical
                                              Tactical
standards
                                            capabilities



Requests to
                                                   Ability to
 do things
                                                   respond



                              © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


42
Five Vital Behaviors                                                            PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


43
A Model for Change                                                                PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____


  Clarify
Measurable                Identify vital                                                Leverage
 Results                   behaviors                                                    sources of
                                                                                         influence




                              © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


44
PM As Change Agent


      Click to edit Master text styles
      ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
                       Motivation                Ability
      Second_____
      _____ level
     Personal
      Third level 1. Make the
      ____ _____                       2. Surpass Your Limits
      Fourth levelUndesirable
      _____ _____
      Fifth level Desirable
      ____ _____
     Social        3. Harness Peer     4. Find Strength in
                   Pressure            Numbers
     Structure           5. Design Rewards                               6. Change the
                         & Demand                                        Environment
                         Accountability



     Patterson, Grenny, Maxfield, McMillan, Switzler 2007, “Influence: The Power to Change Anything”
                                              © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


45
Make the Undesirable Desirable                                                  PM As Change Agent


      Click to edit Master text styles
      ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
      Second_____
      _____ level
      Third level
      ____ _____
      Fourth level
      _____ _____
      Fifth level
      ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


46
Surpass Your Limits                                                            PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                           © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


47
Harness Peer Pressure                                                            PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


48
Find Strength in Numbers                                                        PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


49
Rewards and Accountability                                                      PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                            © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


50
Change the System                                                             PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____                       Leadership
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____                       Organization

                                                                  Product

                                                                 Delivery

                                                              Execution

                          © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


51
Guide, Don’t Direct                                                                     PM As Change Agent


     ►  Peopleedit Master text see ______
     Click to can’t immediately styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____
     _____ level perspectives
        beyond their
     Second_____
     Third level
     ____ _____
     ►  Individuals will learn from their
     Fourthexperiences
        own _____
     _____ level
     Fifth level
     ____ _____
     ►  Your job is to help them along
        that journey




                                    © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


52
A Model for Change                                                                   PM As Change Agent


      Click to edit Master text styles
      ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
      Second_____
      _____ level
      Third level
      ____ _____
      Fourth level
      _____ _____
      Fifth level
      ____ _____
  Clarify
Measurable                Identify vital                                                   Leverage
 Results                   behaviors                                                       sources of
                                                                                            influence
                    1.  Work in small units
     Why are we     2.  Provide transparency                                            •  Personal
                    3.  Iterate on items                                                •  Social
     doing Agile?   4.  Create creative                                                 •  Structural
                        tension
                    5.  Assess & adapt
                               © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


53
In Conclusion                                                                 PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
     Fifth level
     ____ _____




                          © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


54
PM As Change Agent


     Click to edit Master text styles
     ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______
     Second_____
     _____ level
     Third level
     ____ _____                Thank you
     Fourth level
     _____ _____
                                              !
                              Are there
     Fifth level
     ____ _____                         any quest
                                                 ions?



     For more information,
     please see our site
     www.BigVisible.com




                             © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved


55

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The Project Manager as Change Agent

  • 1. Coaching Solutions The Project Manager as Change Agent Brian Bozzuto © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved
  • 2. The State of IT Project Management PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ I swear to give the requirements, the whole requirements and nothing but the requirements You can have all the change you want, but we will need to negotiate those costs No need to look around too closely, we’re doing what we were told and the metrics appear good! © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 2
  • 3. What’s Going On? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __Desire _____ ____ ______ Our ____ The Reality Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ The PM is stuck in the middle Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ A world that is A world that is complex, structured, ordered & fluid & ever changing predictable But we hire REALLY good people to manage this © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 3
  • 4. But Is The Customer Satisfied? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ levelAnonymous comments from a business partner ____ _____ near you… Third level Fourth level “I’m not going to call that a low priority, because then _____ _____ ____ _____ you’ll just cut it. I need everything!” Fifth level “You built what I asked for, but it’s not what I need” “If the business doesn’t get what they want, they will simply find a way to pay less for not getting what they want” - Ken Schwaber, Co-Creator of Scrum © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 4
  • 5. Then Someone Clever Comes Along… PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 5
  • 6. Not All Organizations Are Receptive to Change PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 6
  • 7. We Can Get Stuck in Red Tape PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 7
  • 8. What Do You Do? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third levelYour Job ____ _____ Doing the Fourth level _____ _____ right thing Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 8
  • 9. Some People Tolerate It PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 9
  • 10. Others Charge Boldly Into Battle PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 10 A dead change agent is a bad change agent
  • 11. You Can Have the Right Idea… PM As Change Agent Do you know this man? Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis Instead we know him These were his empirical results… Louis Pasteur © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 11
  • 12. Why is this so Hard? PM As Change Agent ►  There is ____ _____ ____to take in ____ __ nothing more difficult ______ Click to edit Master text styles Secondmore perilous to conduct, or more hand, level _____ _____ uncertain in its success, than to take the Third level introduction of a new order of ____ in the lead _____ Fourth levelthe reformer has enemies in all _____ _____ things. For Fifth level profit by the old order, and only ____ _____ those who lukewarm defenders in all those who would profit by the new order, this lukewarmness arising partly from fear of their adversaries … and partly from the incredulity of mankind, who do not truly believe in anything new until they have had actual experience of it. – Niccolo Machiavelli © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 12
  • 13. Clustering Effects PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Even if we’re wrong, we’re wrong together! © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 13
  • 14. It’s All In Your Perspective PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 14
  • 15. But From a Different Perspective PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 15
  • 16. So What Horizon Do We View Projects? PM As Change Agent ►  Days…____ _____ ____ ______ Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ Second_____ _____ level ►  Weeks… Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ ►  Months… Fifth level ____ _____ ►  Quarters… ►  Years… © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 16
  • 17. What’s The Perspective of Your Teammates? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ How many of you have ever used the phrase “throw it over the wall” © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 17
  • 18. Experience verse Memory PM As Change Agent ►  We don’t____ decisions based ____ __ make _____ ____ ______ Click to edit Master text styles Second_____ rather our on experiences, _____ level memories of experiences Third level ____ _____ ►  Our memory is fallible and Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level in peculiar ways operates ____ _____ à  We remember a 1 week vacation as being as good as a 2 week vacation) à  Our memory is heavily influenced by the end of an experience ►  Could this lead us to fearing falling of the edge of the world? ►  So how could we build a system with a better perspective? © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 18
  • 19. I Can’t Tell You How to Feel Good About This PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 19
  • 20. Nor Can I Self-Organize You PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 20
  • 21. Agile Is Not Enough! PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level why exactly are _____ _____ So Fifth level we doing this? ____ _____ “Being Agile” Is not a reason! © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 21
  • 22. Characteristics of a Clear Goal PM As Change Agent ►  Specific & measurable ____ ______ Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ Second_____ of real value _____ level ►  Representative Third level ____ _____ ►  Time bound Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ “The 100,000 Lives Campaign is a nationwide initiative launched by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in American health care. Building on the successful work of health care providers all over the world, we are introducing proven best practices across the country to help participating hospitals extend or save as many as 100,000 lives. With your help, IHI and its partners in this work believe it’s possible to achieve this in 18 months (January 2005 through June 2006) and in every year thereafter.” (www.ihi.org) © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 22
  • 23. A Model for Change PM As Change Agent ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______Deploy Rapid Response Teams at Click to edit Master text styles •  the first sign of patient decline Second_____ _____ level •  Deliver Evidence-Based Care for Third level ____ _____ Acute Myocardial Infarction to Fourth level _____ _____ prevent deaths from heart attack •  Prevent Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) Fifth level ____ _____ by implementing medication reconciliation •  Prevent Central Line Infections by implementing the "Central Line Clarify Bundle" Measurable Identify vital •  Prevent Surgical Site Infections by Results behaviors delivering the correct perioperative antibiotics at the proper time •  Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia by implementing a series of interdependent, scientifically grounded steps including the "Ventilator Bundle” (www.ihi.org) © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 23
  • 24. Five Vital Behaviors PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 24
  • 25. 1. Work in Small Batches PM As Change Agent ►  Canto edit Master text styles Click be completed in a smaller ______ ____ __ ____ _____ ____ Second_____let us see the big time horizon, _____ level picture Third level ____ _____ ►  Will be_____ Fourth level iteratively, _____ done ____ _____ to try new opportunities Fifth level things ►  Limited work in process, reduced risk and carrying cost Just one ►  Fast delivery time, lets people thing… “experience it” faster © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 25
  • 26. 2. Create Visibility PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 26
  • 27. Visualizing the Flow of Work PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 27
  • 28. Walking Through a Product PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 28
  • 29. Visual Tools to Conceptualize the Process PM As Change Agent Backlog__ ____ _____ ____& Dev Click to Test Cases text styles ____ edit Master Design ______ Validation Done Second_____Done _____ In Process level In Process Done In Process Done Third level ____ _____ Front End Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Database New Feature Bob John Enhancement Rajesh Bug Fix Cindy Infrastructure Kyle Susan Block Jane © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 29
  • 30. 3. Work Iteratively PM As Change Agent The benefits ofMaster againstyles Click to edit doing it text & ______ ____ __ ____ _____ ____ again… Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ ►  Pattern for Cooperation Fourth level Progress _____ _____ ►  Feedback on Fifth level ____ _____ ►  Opportunities to Learn ►  Lower Stakes © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 30
  • 31. Systems Are Grown, Not Built PM As Change Agent “I find thatedit Master text styles Click to teams can grow ____ ______ ____ __ ____ _____ much Second_____ entities in four _____ complex more level months than they can build.” Third level ____ _____ FourthBrooks, “No Silver Bullet” - Fred _____ _____ level Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 31
  • 32. Managing Scope – Incrementing PM As Change Agent ►  Imagine painting textSistine Chapel Click to edit Master the ____ ______ ____ __ ____ _____ styles in small increments Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ ►  What assumptions do we make when working this way? à  We know the complete solution à  We will have enough time to get to the end © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 32
  • 33. Managing Scope – Iterating PM As Change Agent Click to imagine_____ ____ ______ but done by a series of ►  Now edit Master text styles of art, ____ __ ____ the same work Second_____ iterations, each one adding more quality _____ level successive Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ ►  What assumptions are we making this time? à  Our vision of the product may change over time à  We may achieve what we need and be able to stop early © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 33
  • 34. Quantitative Changes Impact Qualitative Experience PM As Change Agent Click to edit frequency of ____ ______ your experience? How does the Master text styleschange ____ __ ____ _____ arrivals Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 34
  • 35. 4. Create Positive Tension PM As Change Agent ►  Common Sources Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ à  Time boxes Second_____ _____ level Third Limits to work in process à  ____ level _____ à  Team rules Fourth level _____ _____ à  Team commitment Fifth level ____ _____ ►  Without tension, there is no pressure to improve IMPORTANT! These are best when self-imposed © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 35
  • 36. In and Out of Flow PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 36
  • 37. How Is Your Team Motivated? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Extrinsic motivations Intrinsic motivations ►  Bonuses ►  Autonomy ►  Rewards ►  Mastery ►  Reprimands ►  Purpose © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 37
  • 38. 5. Get Feedback to Adjust PM As Change Agent ►  Product Feedback Click to edit Master text styles ►  Project ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Feedback _____ levelspecification à  Fitness to Second_____ à  Rate of completion Third Fitness to purpose à  ____ level _____ à  Issues & impediments à  Opportunities to improve product à  Opportunities to improve Fourth level _____ _____ performance Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 38
  • 39. The Whole thing is a System PM As Change Agent ►  How __ ____ it take to ____ ______ ____ long does _____ fill a Click to edit Master text styles _____ oflevel glass water? Second_____ ►  Howlevel do you turn the Third _____ ____ much knob? Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ ►  These decisions are not predetermined, but rather influenced by your observation of the system Watch the water Adjust the faucet’s flowing into the cup knob to control the flow © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 39
  • 40. What Feedback Loops Do We Use? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles The Diplomat ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level ►  I’ll do what I’m told Third level ____ _____ ►  I don’t want to upset people or Fourth level _____ _____ rock the boat Fifth level ____ _____ ►  My value is measured by other’s view of me Requests to Ability to do things respond © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 40
  • 41. What Feedback Loops Do We Use? PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles The Expert ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level ►  I will operate according to the Third level ____ _____ best practices & Fourth level _____ _____ recommendations Fifth level ____ _____ ►  My value is measured by technical expertise Technical Tactical standards capabilities Requests to Ability to do things respond © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 41
  • 42. What Feedback Loops Do We Use? PM As Change Agent ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ The Achiever Click to edit Master text styles Business _____ Second level _____ Business ►  I get the outcomes objectives level Third _____ ____ outcomes desired Fourth level _____ _____ ►  My value is measured by Fifth level ____ _____ achieving goals Technical Tactical standards capabilities Requests to Ability to do things respond © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 42
  • 43. Five Vital Behaviors PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 43
  • 44. A Model for Change PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Clarify Measurable Identify vital Leverage Results behaviors sources of influence © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 44
  • 45. PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Motivation Ability Second_____ _____ level Personal Third level 1. Make the ____ _____ 2. Surpass Your Limits Fourth levelUndesirable _____ _____ Fifth level Desirable ____ _____ Social 3. Harness Peer 4. Find Strength in Pressure Numbers Structure 5. Design Rewards 6. Change the & Demand Environment Accountability Patterson, Grenny, Maxfield, McMillan, Switzler 2007, “Influence: The Power to Change Anything” © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 45
  • 46. Make the Undesirable Desirable PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 46
  • 47. Surpass Your Limits PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 47
  • 48. Harness Peer Pressure PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 48
  • 49. Find Strength in Numbers PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 49
  • 50. Rewards and Accountability PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 50
  • 51. Change the System PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Leadership Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Organization Product Delivery Execution © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 51
  • 52. Guide, Don’t Direct PM As Change Agent ►  Peopleedit Master text see ______ Click to can’t immediately styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ _____ level perspectives beyond their Second_____ Third level ____ _____ ►  Individuals will learn from their Fourthexperiences own _____ _____ level Fifth level ____ _____ ►  Your job is to help them along that journey © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 52
  • 53. A Model for Change PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ Clarify Measurable Identify vital Leverage Results behaviors sources of influence 1.  Work in small units Why are we 2.  Provide transparency •  Personal 3.  Iterate on items •  Social doing Agile? 4.  Create creative •  Structural tension 5.  Assess & adapt © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 53
  • 54. In Conclusion PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Fourth level _____ _____ Fifth level ____ _____ © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 54
  • 55. PM As Change Agent Click to edit Master text styles ____ __ ____ _____ ____ ______ Second_____ _____ level Third level ____ _____ Thank you Fourth level _____ _____ ! Are there Fifth level ____ _____ any quest ions? For more information, please see our site www.BigVisible.com © 2011 BigVisible Solutions, Inc.. All Rights Reserved 55