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Muhammad
Muhammad
The Mesenger AIIah
TheMessenger of Allah
May Allah Exalt his Mention
Mau his Mention
Written by:
Abdurrahman al-Sheha
al-Sheha
Translated by:
Translated by:
Abdurrahmaan Murad
Abdurrahmaan Murad
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3. ©
O Abdulrahman Abdulkarim
Bin Al.Sheha,2005
Abdulrahman Bin Abdulkarim AI-Sheha, 2005
Kkg Fold Notioul tribrary Cuologng-td-Palltcotion Data
King FaIttI Nflfiollllllilmuy Cflfflloging-in-PIIOlicfltiOIl Oflffl
Al-Sheha,AbdulrahmanBin Abdulkarim
AI-Sheha, Abdulrahman Bin Abdulkarim
Muhammad The Messenger Allah/ Abdulrahman Bin
Muhammad : The Messenger of Allah/ Abdulrahman Bin
AbdulkarimAl-Sheha- Riyadh.2005
Abdulkarim AI-Sheha- Riyadh. 2005
96p12x17cm
96pl2xl7em
ISBN: 9960-47-364-3
ISBN: 9960-47-364-3
l- Prophet Muhammad
1- Prophet Muhammad Life I-
1- Title
239 dc
239 de 14261626
1426/626
Legal Deposit no. 14261626
Legal Deposit no. 1426/6261
[ ISBN 9960-47-364-3
ISBN:: 9960-47-364-3 J
Say, "0 People of the Book, come to a word that is
Say, "O People of the Book, come to word that
equitable between and you - that we will not
equitable between us and you - that we will not
worship except Allah and not associate anything
worship except Allah and not associate anything
with Him and not take one another as lords instead
with Him and not take one another as lords instead
(t)
of Allah, (I) But if they turn away, then say, "Bear witness that
of Allah, if away, then say, witness
we are Muslims [Submitting to Him]."
[Submitting Him]."
(Qur'an 3:64)
(Qur'an 3:64)
(I) By obeying another in disobedience to Allah.
(l) By obeying another disobedience Allah.
AI-Homaidhi PlPre.. Tel. 4581000
Al-Homridhi P/Pr.t! Tcl. 45tl00O

4. Muhammad, the Messen~er of Allah.
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah &
used
Terminology used in this Book
'Common
(Taken from Sheik Mahmoud Murad's book 'Common mistakes in
(raken Sheik Mahmoud};;:; o""a mistakes
Translation')
'Rubb'
1. Rubb: Some prefer to translate the term 'Rubb' into
l. Rubb: Some translate
'Lord.' Beside the fact that the latter is a Biblical term
'Lord.' Beside fact
referring to the alleged lordship of the slave of Allah,
referring lordship Allatu
'lord' which is limited to
Prophet Jesus, the word 'lord' which
Jesus, word limited
'master', 'chief', 'proprietor', 'ruler',
'master', 'chief', 'proprietor', or 'ruler', can never convey
'Rubb'.
the conclusive signification of the term 'Rubb'. Among Among
'Rubb' means, the Creator,
other signification, the term 'Rubb' means, Creator,
the Fashioner, the Provider, the One upon Whom all
Fashioner, upon Whom
creatures depend for their means of subsistence, and the
creatures means subsistence,
One Who gives life and causes death,
causesdeath.
'Deen',
2. Deen: The word translated as religion is 'Deen', which
2. Deen: word translated as which
in Arabic commonly refers to a way of life, which is both
commonly refers which
private and public. It is an inclusive term meaning: acts
acts
of worship, political practice, and a detailed code of
practice, code
conduct, including hygiene or etiquette matters.
including matters.
3.1#l Sal'lal'laahu a'Iaihi ws sal'lam. Some translate it
'peace
as be upon him'. This translation is incorrect; the
'may
correct translation is, Allah exalt his mention, and
render him and his household safe and secure from
every derogatory thing'.
5

5. Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah.
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah 6
of
All praise is due to Allah, the Rubb of the worlds, and may
All praise the Rubb the
Allah exalt the mention of His Prophet, and render him and
exalt the mention Prophet, and render and
his household safe and secure from all derogatory things.
household safeand secure derogatory things.
When talking about Prophet Muhammad • one should
about Prophet 6 one should
keep he about the greatest individual
keep in mind that he is talking about the greatest individual
in history. This is not a baseless claim; for the one who reads
history. is a baseless claim; the one reads
his biography, and learns of his mannerisms and ethics, while
biography, and leams his mannerismsand ethics,
keeping aside all preconceived notions would certainly reach
keeping aside all preconceived notions certainly reach
Somefair and just non-Muslimshave reached
this conclusion. Some fair and just non-Muslims have reached
this conclusion.
this conclusion as well.
this conclusionas well.
Professor Hasan Ali, may Allah have mercy on him, said in
Professor Hasan may Allah have mercy on him, said
'Noor
his magazine 'Noor aI-Islam' that a Brahmin! colleague of his
his magazine al-Islam'that a Brahminl colleague his
him: 'I recognizeand believethat the Messenger
once told him: 'I recognize and believe that the Messenger of
once
Islam is the greatest and most mature man in history.'
Islam is the greatest and most mature man history.'
Professor Hasan Ali, may Allah have mercy on him, asked
ProfessorHasan may have merry on him, asked
him: 'Why
him: 'Why do you consider him as the greatest and most
consider as the greatest and most
'No man
mature man?' He answered: 'No man possessed the
mafure man?' answered: possessed the
characteristics, mannerisms and ethics that he possessed at
characteristics, mannerismsand ethics that he possessed at
one time. He was a king under whom the entire peninsula
one time. was a under the entire peninsula
was unified; yet he was humble. He believed that the
was unified; yet he was humble. believed that the
dominion belonged to his God alone.
dominion belongedto his God alone.
Great riches would come to him, and yet he lived in a state
Great riches come to him, and yet he lived a state
poverty; fire his house for many days
of poverty; fire would not be lit in his house for many days
not be
and he would stay hungry. He was a great leader; he led
and he stay hungry. He was a great leader; he led
small numbers into battle against thousands, and yet he
small numbers into battle against thousands, and yet he
loved peaceagreements,
would decisively defeat them. He loved peace agreements,
decisively defeat them.
and would agree to them with a firm heart; even though he
and agreeto them a heart; even though he
had thousands of his brave and courageous Companions by
had thousands his brave and courageous Companions
II Brahmin: member of the highest of the four Hindu castes: the priestly caste.
Brahmini member of highest of four Hindu castes: priestly caste
6

6. Muhammad, the Messenger of f3
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah 6
his Companion was very brave and could confront
his side. Each Companion was very brave and could confront
thousand while not feeling the
a thousand enemies alone, while not feeling the least bit bit
intimidated. Prophet was kind-hearted, merciful, and
intimidated. Yet, the Prophet was kind-hearted, merciful, and
did not want drop of He was deeply
did not want to shed a drop of blood. He was deeply
concerned about affairs of Arabian Peninsula, yet
concemed about the affairs of the Arabian Peninsula, yet he
did not neglect affairs of family, household, or
did not neglect the affairs of his family, household, or the
poor
poor and needy. He was keen to disseminate Islam amongst
who had In was
those who had gone astray. In general, he was a man man
concerned with betterment wellbeing of mankind, yet
concemed with the betterment and wellbeing of mankind, yet
did not indulge in worldly
he did not indulge in amassing worldly fortune. He busied
himself with worship Allah
himself with the worship of Allah and loved doings deeds
which pleased Allah. He never avenged himself on account of
which Allah. himself
personal reasons. He even prayed for his enemies' wellbeing,
reasons. enemies'
and would warn them of the punishment of Allah.
would wam punishment Allah.
He was an ascetic regarding worldly affairs and would
ascetic worldly would
worship Allah throughout the night. He was the brave and
worship Allah throughout
courageous who with sword -
courageous soldier who fought with the sword - and the
-
infallible Prophet - the conqueror who conquered nations and
infallible
countries. He slept on a mat of hay, and a pillow filled with
countries. pillow with
coarse fibers. People crowned him as the Sultan over Arabs,
coarse fibers. People him as
or King of the Arabian Peninsula, yet his family lived a
Arabian Peninsula, family
simple life, even after they received great fortunes; the riches
after received fortunes; riches
were piled in the Masjid. Fatima complained to him about the
him
strenuous work she did, the grinding stone and water jug
work she the grinding stone anC iug
which she to -
which "he used to carry - how they had left marks on her
body. The Messenger at that time was dividing the female
Messenger at dividing female
and male slaves amongst the Muslims. He did not give her a
and slaves amongst the give a
portion of that wealth; instead, the Prophet taught her a few
of instead, the a few
words and supplications. His Companion, Umar came to his
and supplications. Companion, came to his
house and looked in his room, and saw nothing but a hay mat
house and looked in his room, and saw a hay mat
which the Prophet was sitting on, which had left marks on his
the Prophet was sitting on, had left marks on his
7

7. Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah ..
Muhammail,theMessengerof Allah W
body. The
body. The only provisions in the house were half a Saa'
provisions the house were half. a Saa'
(measure weight) barley a container, and a
(measure of weight) of barley in a container, and a water skin
that - this is all the Messenger
that hung on the wall - this is all the Messenger of Allah
the
owned at a time his control. When
owned at a time half the Arabs were under his control. When
the Arabs were
Umar saw this, he could not control himself and wept. The
saw this, he could control and wept. The
Messenger Allah 6 said: 'Why are weeping O Umar?'
Messenger of Allah" said: 'Why are you weeping 0 Umar?'
replied: 'Why weep - Khosrau and Caesar
He replied: 'Why shouldn't I weep - Khosrau and Caesar
enjoy themselves in this world and the Messenger of Allah ..
enjoy themselves and the Messenger 6
responded: 'O Umar, wouldn't
only owns what I see!' He responded: '0 Umar, wouldn't it
see!'
please
please you that this is the share of Khosrau and Caesar in this
is the share Khosrau and Caesar
life, and the Hereafter
life, and in the Hereafter this pleasure would be for us alone?'
pleasure be us alone?'
When the Prophet examined his troops
When the Prophet examined his troops prior to the the
occupation
occupation of Makkah, Abu Sufyan stood beside al-Ab'bas,
Makkah, Sufyan stood beside al-Ab'bas,
the uncle the Prophet 6 and they looked the banners
the uncle of the Prophet" and they looked at the banners of
the
the Muslim army. Abu Sufyan at that time was not a Muslim.
army. Sufyan at that was a
was amazed
He was amazed by the vast number of Muslims; they
the vast Muslims; they
advanced towards Makkah like a torrent of water. No one
advanced towards Makkah like a torrent water. one
stop
could stop them and nothing stood in their way. Abu Sufyan
and stood Sufyan
then said al-Ab'bas:'O Ab'bas,
then said to al-Ab'bas: '0 Ab'bas, your nephew has become a
nephew has becomea
Ab'bas responded saying: 'This is
grand King!' Ab'bas responded saying: 'This is not kingship,
rather prophethood,and the Message Islam.'
rather prophethood, and the Message of Islam.'
Ad'ee at-Ta'eg the son
Ad'ee at-Ta'ee, the son of Ha'tim at-Ta'ee who is the
Ha'tim at-Ta'ee is the
paradigm generosity,
paradigm of generosity, attended the assembly of the Prophet
attendedthe assembly the Prophet
.. while he was stin a Christian. When he saw how the
6 he was still a Christian. When he saw the
Companionsaggrandizedand respected Prophet,he was
Companions aggrandized and respected the Prophet, he was
the
confused- was he a Prophet a king? asked himself, 'is
confused - was he a Prophet or a king? He asked himself, 'is
this a king or a Messenger the Messengers Allah?' While
this Messenger of the Messengers of Allah?' While
he was pondering over this, a destitute woman came to the
he was pondering over this, destitute woman came the
Propheti: and said: 'l wish to tell you a secret.' He said to her:
Prophet * and said: 'r tell secret.' said her:
'which
'which road in Madinah do you want me to meet you in?'The
road Madinah you me meet in?' The
Prophet .. left with the destitutemaid, and took care of her
Prophet 6 the destitute maid, and took care
8

8. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.
the of
Muhammad, Messenger Allahtl&
needs. When Ad'ee saw the humbleness of the Prophet, he
needs. When Ad'ee saw the humbleness of the Prophet, he
realized the truth and the crosses that he was
realized the truth and discarded the crosses that he was
wearing and became Muslim.'
wearing and became a Muslim.'
We will mention some statements of the Orientalists
We will mention some statements of the Orientalists
conceming Muhammad 6. We as Muslims believe in the
concerning Muhammad •. Muslims in
Prophet • and Message. We mentioning these
Prophet 6 and his Message. We are mentioning these
statements for following two reasons:
statements for the following two reasons:
as reminder admonition
a. To serve as a reminder and admonition for name-sake
Muslims who their they would
Muslims who abandoned their Prophet, so that they would
heed and retum to their Deen.
and return their Deen.
b. So that non-Muslims would know who the Prophet is from
b. that non-Muslims would know who Prophet from
the statements of their own people, so that they would be
their own people, would
guided to Islam.
guided
I ask these people to not hold any preconceived notions
these Preconceived
when searching for the truth, when reading this or any other
when when
Islamic material. I ask Allah to open their hearts and chests to
ask Allah oPen hearts chests
accept the truth, and to show them the right path and inspire
accept
them to follow it.
follow
Abdurrahmaan Abdul-Kareem
Abdurrahmaan b. Abdul-Kareem al-Sheha
b. al-Sheha
Riyadh,11535
Riyadh, 11535
P.O.Box59565
P.O. Box 59565
Email: alsheha@yahoo.com
Email:alsheha@yahoo.com
http://www .islamland.org
http://www.islamland.
9

9. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah 13
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah i&
Who is the Messenger, Muhammad 13?
Who is the Messenger, Muhammad s?
His Lineage:
His Lineage:
He is Abul-Qasim (father of Al-Qasim) Muhammad, son of
He is Abul-Qasim Al-Qasim) Muhammad,
Abdullah, son of Abdul-Mutalib. His lineage traces back to
Abdullah, son Abdul-Mutalib. traces
the tribe of Adnan, son of Ismael [the Prophet of Allah, the
the tribe of son Ismael [the
son of Ibraheem, the one whom Allah chose for His love] may
son whom Allah chose may
Allah exalt their mention. His mother is Aminah, daughter of
Allah Aminah, daughter of
Wahb.
Wahb.
The Prophet ~ said:
Prophet 6 said:
'Indeed
'Indeed Allah chose the tribe of Kinanah over other
Allah chose Kinanah over other
tribes from the children of Ismail; He chose the Quraish
children Ismail; chose Quraish
over other tribes of Kinanah; He chose Banu Hashim
Kinanah; chose Hashim
over the other families of the Quraish; and He chose me
families Quraish;
Hashim.' (Muslimf2276)
from Banu Hashim.' (Muslim #2276)
ftom
Thus, the Prophet ~ has the noblest lineage on earth. His
6 His
enemies attested to this fact; Abu 5ufyan, who was the arch
Abu Sufyan, who
enemy of Islam before he became Muslim, attested to this fact
became Muslim,
in front of Heraclius, the Ruler of Rome.
Rome.
AbduIIah b. Ab'bas, with whom Allah is pleased, reported
Abdullah with whom Allah pleased,
that the Messenger of Allah ~ wrote to Caesar and invited
Messenger Allah 6 wrote Caesar invited
him to Islam and sent him a letter with Dihya Al-Kalbi, who
him him with Dihya Al-Kalbi, who
handed it to the Governor of Busra who then forwarded it to
Govemor who forwarded it
Caesar.
Caesar.
Caesar as a sign of gratitude to Allah, had walked from
Caesar as gratitude Allah, walked from
Hims llya (i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah
Hims to Ilya (i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah had granted Him
Him
victory
victory over the Persian forces. So, when the letter of the
forces. So, when of
Messenger of Allah reached Caesar, he said after reading
Allah reached Caesar, reading
it, "Seek
it, "Seek for me anyone of his people, (Arabs of Quraish
Quraish
l0
10

10. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah Jii,
of
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah W
tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about the
tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about the
Messenger of Allahl" At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb
Messenger of Allah!" At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb
was in with men from Quraish who had
was in Sham with some men from Quraish who had come
(to Sham) merchants during truce that had been
(to Sham) as merchants during the truce that had been
concluded between the Messenger of Allah; and
concluded between the Messenger of Allah; and the
'Caesar's messenger
infidels of Quraish. Abu Sufyan
infidels of Quraish. Abu Sufyan said, 'Caesar's messenger
found somewhere in took me and my
found us somewhere in Sham so he took me and my
companions Ilya and we were admitted into Caesar's
companions to llya and we were admitted into Caesar's
presence to find him sitting in his royal court wearing a
find him sitting in his royal court wearing
crown and surrounded by the senior Byzantine
crown and surrounded by senior Byzantine
dignitaries. He his "Ask them whom
dignitaries. He said to his translator. "Ask them whom
amongst them relation man who claims
amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims
prophet.'"
to be a prophet."'
'I replied:
Abu Sufyan added, 'I replied: "I am the nearest relative
relative
Abu
to him." He asked, "What degree of relationship do you
him." "What degree of relationship you
have with him?" I replied, "He is my cousin," and there
with him?" replied, my
was none of Bani Abd Mana! in the caravan except
Abd Manaf
myself. Caesar said, "Let him come nearer." He then
myself. Caesar him
ordered that my companions stand behind me near my
ordered my companions behind my
shoulder "Tell
shoulder and said to his translator, "Tell his companions
companions
that I am going to ask this man about the man who
going who
claims to be a prophet. If he tells a lie, they should
a If a should
contradict him immediately.'''
contradict him immediately."'
'By
Abu Sufyan added, 'By Allah! Had it not been for
it been for
Sufyan added,
shame that my companions brand me a liar, I would not
shame companions a liar, would
have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But
have spoken the about he asked me.
I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my
I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my
companions, so I told the truth:
companions, so I told the truth.'
'He then said to his translator, "Ask him what kind of
'He then said to his translator, "Ask him what kind of
family he belongs to." replied, "He belongs to a noble
family he belongs to." II replied, "He belongs to a noble
u
11

11. Muhammad,theMessenger Allah 6
Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah Jilt,
of
family amongst us." He said, "Has anybody else amongst
family amongst us." He said, "Has anybody else amongst
you ever claimed the samebefore him?" replied, "No."
you ever claimed the same before him?" II replied, "No."
He said, "Have you ever blamed him for telling lies
He said, "Have you ever blamed him for telling lies
before he claimed what he claimed?"I replied, "No." He
before he claimed what he claimed?" I replied, "No." He
said, "Was anybody amongst his ancestorsa king?" I
said, "Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?" I
replied, "No." He said, "Do the noble or the poor follow
replied, "No." He said, "Do the noble or the poor follow
him?" replied, 'It is the poor
him?" I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him." He said,
follow him." He said,
"Are they increasing or decreasing(daily)?" replied,
"Are they increasing or decreasing (daily)?" I replied,
"They are increasing."He said, "Does anybody amongst
"They are increasing." He said, "Does anybody amongst
those
those who embrace his Deen become displeased and
embrace his Deen become displeased and
then discard his Deen?" replied, "No." He said, 'Does he
then discard his Deen?" I replied, "No." He said, 'Does he
break his promises?" replied, "No,
break his promises?" I replied, "No, but we are now at
we are at
truce and we are afraid that he may betray us."
truce with him and we are afraid that he may betray us."
Sufyan added, 'Other than the last sentence,
Abu Sufyan added, 'Other than the last sentence, I
could say anything againsthim.'
could not say anything against him:
'Caesar then asked, "Have you ever had a war with
'Caesar then asked, "Have you ever had a
him?" replied, "Yes." said, "What was the outcome
him?" I replied, "Yes." He said, "What was the outcome
battles him?" replied, "Sometimeshe was
of your battles with him?" I replied, "Sometimes he was
victorious and sometimeswe." said, "What does he
victorious and sometimes we." He said, "What does he
do?" said, "He tells us
order you to do?" I said, "He tells us to worship Allah
alone,and not to worship othersalong with Him, and to
alone, and not worship others along and to
leave all that our fore-fathersused to worship. He orders
leave fore-fathers used worship. orders
us to pray, give in charity, be chaste,keep promises and
us pray, charity, chaste, keep promises
return what is entrustedto us. "'
entrusted us. '"
'When I had said that, Caesar said
'When said that, Caesarsaid to his translator,
translator,
"Say to him: I asked you about his lineage and your
"Say asked about lineage and
reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all
belonged fact,
the Messengers
the Messengers came from the noblest lineage of their
came from the noblest lineage
nations. Then I questionedyou whether anybody else
nations. Then I questioned whether anybody else
amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply
amongst claimed such your
t2
12

12. Muhammad, the Messenger of
ofAllah.
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah 6
was in the negative. If the answer had been in the
in negative. If answer in
affirmative, II would have thought that this man was
would have
following a claim that had been said before him. When II
following been before
asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies,
asked ever lies,
your reply was in the negative, so I took it for granted
your reply in negative, I took it for
that a person who did not tell a lie to people could never
person did people
tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you whether any of
asked
his ancestorswas a king. Your reply was in the nigative,
ancestors was was negative,
and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have
if it been affirmative, have
thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral
wanted take ancestral
kingdom. When I askedyou whether the rich or the poor
asked whether the
people followed him, you replied that it was the poor
people replied it was
who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the
fact, such are the followers the
whether
Messengers. Then I asked you whether his followers
Messengers.Then asked followers
decreasing.You replied that they
were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they
were increasing
the result true
were increasing. In fact, this is the result of true faith till
were increasing. fact, till
complete (in all respects). asked whether there
it is complete (in all respects). I asked you whether there
was anybody who, after embracing his Deen, became
was anybody who, after embracing Deen, became
displeasedand discarde his Deen; was the
displeased and discarded his Deen; your reply was in the
d.
true faith,
negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when
negative. fact, the sign when
the hearts completely;
its pleasure enters and mixes in the hearts completely;
its pleasure enters and mixes
it. asked you whether
nobody will be displeased with it. I asked you whether
nobody will be displeased
he had ever broken his promise. You replied
he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the the
such are the Messengers; they never break
negative. And such are the Messengers; they never break
negative.
promises. When asked you whether you fought
their promises. When I asked you whether you fought
you, you replied that he
with him and he fought with you, you replied that he
and he fought
that sometimes he was victorious and
did and that sometimes he was victorious and
did and
sometimes you. Indeed, such are the Messengers;they
sometimes you. Indeed, such are the Messengers; they
are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs'
are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs.
Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that
Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that
he ordered you to worship Allah alone and not to
he ordered you to worship Allah alone and not to
l3
13

13. Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah ~
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah #
of
worship others along with Him, to leave all that your
worship others along with Him, to leave all that your
fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak
fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak
the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return
the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return
what is entrustedto you. Theseare really the qualities
what is entrusted to you. These are really the qualities of
a prophet who, knew (from the previous Scriptures)
a prophet who, II knew (from the previous Scriptures)
would appear,but did not know that he
would appear, but II did not know that he would be from
be from
amongst you. If what you say is true, he will very soon
amongst you. If what you say is true, he will very soon
occupy the earth under
occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I
feet, and if that
would reach him definitely,
would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to
go immediately to
meet him; and were I
meet him; and were I with him, then I would certainly
him, then certainlv
wash his feet. "'
wash his feet. '"
Abu Sufyan added, 'Caesarthen asked
Abu Sufyan added, 'Caesar then asked for the letter of
the letter
the Messenger
the Messenger of Allah and it was read. Its contents
and was read. Its contents
were:
were:
"I begin with the name
"I begin with the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the
the Beneficent,the
most Merciful (Thisletteris)from Muhammad,the slaoe
most Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of
and His Messenger, Heraclius, the Ruler of the
Allah, and His Messenger, to Heraclius, the Ruler of the
Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers
Byzantine. Peace be upon the follouers of guidance. I
guidance.
inaite you Islam (i.e.surrender Allah). Accept Islam
invite you to Islam (i.e. surrender to AIIaD. Accept Islam
to
and you will be safe; accept Islam anil AIIah utill bestoto
and you wiII be safe;acceptIslam and Allah will bestow
on you double reward.
on you a double reward. But if you reject this inaitation
if you reject invitation
of Islam, you shall be responsiblefor misguiding the
Islam, you be responsible for misguiding the
peasants (i.e. your nation). a people o.f the Sciptures!
peasants (i.e. your nation). O people of the Scriptures!
Come to a uord commofl betweenyou and us, that we
Come word common between and us,
worship Allah, and that zaeassociatenothing in utorship
worship and we associate nothing worship
with Him; and that none of us shall take others as Gods
utith and none of us take others as Gods
besidesAllah. Then if they tufti auay, say: Bear uitness
besides Then if they turn away, say: Bear witness
that zaeare they who haaesunendered
we are they have surrendered funtoHim)" 13.641
(unto Him)" [3.64]
'When Heraclius had finished
Abu Sufyan added, 'When Heraclius
Sufyan added, his
his
speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the
speech, there great caused by the
t4
14

14. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ~
the oj
Muhammad, Messenger Allah'i#
Byzantine dignitaries sunounding him, and there was so
Byzantine dignitaries surrounding him, there
much noise that II did not understandwhat they said' So,
did understand said. So,
we were ordered out of the court.'
out of
'When I went out with my companions and we were
'When I with companions
alone, I said to them, "Verily,lbn Abi Kabsha's(i.e. the
alone, I them, "Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's (Le.
Prophet's) affair has gained Power. This is the King of
Prophet's) has gained power. King
AI-Asfar fearing him.'"
Bani Al-Asfar fearing him."'
Sufyan added: 'By
Abu Sufyan added: 'By Allah, I becamesuret and surer
I became surer surer
that his Deen would be victorious till I ended up
Deen victorious till I ended
acceptingIslam.' (Bukhari
accepting Islam.' (Bukhari f2782)
#2782)
15
l5

15. Muhammad, the Messenger Allah 6
Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah.
of
Placeof Birth and childhood:
Place of Birth and childhood:
The Prophet iB was bom in the year 571 (according to the
The Prophet. was born in the year 571 (according to the
Gregorian calendar) in the tribe of Quraish [which was held
Gregorian calendar) in the tribe of Quraish [which was held
noble by all Arabsl in Makkah [which was considered the
noble by all Arabs] in Makkah [which was considered the
religious capital of the Arabian Peninsulal.
religious capital of the Arabian Peninsula].
The would
The Arabs would perform Hajj in Makkah, and and
circumambulate the Ka'bah
circumambulate the Ka'bah which was built by Prophet
was Prophet
and his son Prophet Ismael, may
Ibrahim and his son Prophet Ismael, may Allah exalt their
exalt their
mention.
mention.
The Prophet & was an orphan.
The Prophet • was an orphan. His father passed away
father passed away
befor,ehe was bom, and his mother died
before he was born, and his mother died when he was six
he was six
years grandfather,
years old. His grandfather, Abdul-Mutalib, took care of him,
care
and he died,
and when he died, his uncle, Abu Talib, took care of him. His
uncle, Talib, care
and the other tribes worshipped
tribe and the other tribes worshipped idols made from stone,
made stone,
and even gold. Some these
wood and even gold. Some of these idols were placed around
were placed
Ka'bah. People believed
the Ka'bah. People believed that these idols could ward-off
these ward-off
extend benefit.
harm or extend benefit.
The Prophet iF was a
The Prophet • was a trustworthy and honest person. He
and honest person.
never behaved treacherously,nor did he lie or chea! he was
behaved treacherously, cheat; was
'Al-Ameen',
known amongst his people as 'AI-Ameen', or 'The
known amongst people as 'The
Trustworthy'. People would entrust him with their valuables
Trustworthy'. People would with valuables
when they wanted to travel. He was also known as 'As-Sadiq'
wanted travel. was also as'As-Sadiq'
or 'The Truthful' for he never told a lie. He was well-
'The Truthful' he never lie. was
marLnered,
mannered, well-spoken, and he loved to help people. His
well-spoken, and he loved people.
people loved and revered him and he had beautiful manners.
revered him manners.
Allah, the Exalted,says:
Exalted, says:
(Indeed you are of a great moral character.) [68:41
(Indeed are great character.) [68:4]
Thomas Carlyle said in his book: 'Heroes,Hero-Worship
Carlyle in 'Heroes, Hero-Worship
and the Heroic in History':
Heroic in Historv'
t6
16

16. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.
Muhammad,theMessenguof Allah&
'But, from an early age,he had been remarked as a
'But, from an early age, he had been remarked as a
thoughtful man. His companions named him "AI
thoughtful man. His companions named him
Amin,The Faithtul." A man of truth and fidelity; true
Amin, The Faithful." A man of truth and fidelity; true
in what he did, in what he spoke and thought. They
in what he did, in what he spoke and thought. They
noted that he always meant something. A man rather
something. A
tacitum in speech;silent when there was nothing to
taciturn in speech; nothing
be said; but pertinent, wise, sincere, when he did
but pertinent, wise, sincere, did
speak; always throwing light on the matter. This is
speak; throwing light matter.
the only sort of speechworth speaking! Through life
speech worth speaking!
we find him to have been regarded as an altogether
been regarded as altogether
solid, brotherly, genuine man. A serious, sincere
genuine man. A serious, sincere
character; yet amiable, cordial, companionable,
character; amiable, cordial, companionable,
jocose even - a good laugh in him withal: there are
jocose even there are
men whose laugh is as untrue as anything about
whose as as
them; cannot laugh. sPontaneous, passionate,
them; who cannot laugh. A spontaneous, passionate,
faculty, fire
yet just, true-meaning man! Full of wild faculty, fire
yet just, true-meaningman!
and light; of wild worth, all uncultured; working out
and light; worth, all uncultured;
his life takes the depth the Desertthere.'
his life - takes in the depth of the Desert there.'
The Prophet S seclude the cave Hira
The Prophet ~ liked to seclude himself in the cave of Hira
before he was commissionedas a ProPhet.He
before he was commissioned as a prophet. He would stay stay
there many nights at a time.
theremany nightsat a time.
He S did not practice falsehood;he did not drink any
He ~ did not practice falsehood; he did not drink any
intoxicants,nor did he bow to a stafueor idol, or take an oath
intoxicants, nor did he bow to a statue or idol, or take an oath
by them or offer to them an offering.He was a shepherdover
by them or offer to them an offering. He was a shepherd over
a flock of sheepwhich belongedto his people.The Prophet 6
a flock of sheep which belonged to his people. The Prophet.
said:
said:
'Every prophet commissioned by Allah was a
'Every prophet commissioned by Allah was a
shepherd over a flock of sheep.' His companions
shepherd over a flock of sheep.' His companions
'Even you, O Messenger Allah?' He
of
asked him: 'Even you, 0 Messenger of Allah?' He
askedhim:
t1
17

17. Muhammail,theMessenger Allah &
Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah.
of
said: 'Yes, would take care of a flock of sheep for
said: 'Yes, II would take care of a flock of sheep for
the people of Makkah.' @uhhari
the people of Makkah.' (Bukhari 2143)
2143)
When Prophet Muhammad
When Prophet Muhammad •S turned forty, he received
tumed forty, he received
divine revelation; he was at the cave of Hira. The Mother of
divine revelation; he was at the cave of Hira. The Mother of
the believers,A'ishah, with whom Allah is pleased,said:
the believers, A'ishah, with whom Allah is pleased, said:
'The
first thing that Allah's MessengerS received,
'The first thing that Allah's Messenger. received,
while in the Cave of Hira in Makkah, were good
while in the Cave of Hira in Makkah, were good
visions [dreams], Every time he had a dream,
visions [dreams]. Every time he had a dream, it
would come true and clear,
would come true and clear, like the split of the dawn.
the the dawn.
Later on, Messenger,6 began to
Later on, Allah's Messenger. began to love being being
alone in meditation. He spent lengthy periods
alone in meditation. He spent lengthy periods for
days and nights to this purpose
days and nights to fulfil this purpose in the Cave the Cave
before retuming back his
before returning back to his family. He would take a take a
food his
supply of food for his trip. When he came back to his
When he cameback
Khadeejah,
wife Khadeejah, with whom Allah is pleased, he pleased,
get a fresh food
would get a fresh supply of food and go back to the
back
same Cave continue meditation.'
same Cave to continue his meditation:
'The
came
'The Truth came to him while he was in the Cave of Cave
Hira. Tlte Jibreel riF came
Hira. The Angel Jibreel iti!l came to Muhammad 6 •
and commanded
and commanded him to read. Muhammad 6
read. Muhammad •
replied: "I
replied: "I cannot read!" Jibreel r*ig embraced
Jibreel ~ embraced
Muhammad 6 until he could not breathe, and then
$ until breathe,
let him go saying: "O Muhammad! Read!" Again,
saying: "0 Muhammad! Read!" Again,
Muhammad {F replied: "I cannot read!" }ibreel *;9
Muhammad • replied: "I cannot Jibreel ~
embraced Muhammad 6 for the second time. He
embraced • second time. He
then ordered him to read for the third time, when he
him read third time, when he
did not he embracedhim tightly until he could not
embraced until he could not
breathe,and then let him go saying:"O Muhammad!
breathe, then him go saying: "0 Muhammad!
r8
18

18. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah !to
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah &
(Recite with the Name of Your Rubb! Who created,
with Name Rzbb! created,
Created man, a (mere)
Created man, out of a (mere) clot of congealed
congealed
blood: Proclaim! And your Rubb is Most
Proclaim! vour Rubb
Bountiful.) [96:1-3]
Bountitul.) [96:1-31
The Messenger of Allah !to returned home trembling. He
The Messenger 6 retumed home
entered his home and told Khadeejah: "Cover me up,
entered home and Khadee;'ah:
cover me up!" Khadeejah, with whom Allah is pleased,
cover Khadeejah, pleased,
covered Muhammad !to until he felt better. He then
covered 6 he better. then
about happened the Cave
informed her about what happened to him in the Cave of
Hira. He said, "1 was concerned about myself and my
Hira. said, "I was concerned
well-being." Khadeejah, with whom Allah is pleased,
well-being." Khadeejah, pleased,
assured Muhammad !to saying: "By Allah! You don't have
assured liF saying: Allah! have
humiliate
to worry! Allah, the Exalted, will never humiliate you!
Exalted, will
You are good to and You
You are good to your kith and kin. You help the poorthe
and needy. You are generous and hospitable
and needy. You are generous and hospitable to your
guests. people are need." Khadeejah,
guests. You help people who are in need." Khadeejah,
with whom Allah is pleased, took her husband
pleased, husband
Muhammad !to to a cousin of hers named Waraqah bin
Muhammad 6 a cousin hers named Waraqah
Uzza. This man became a
Nawfal bin Asad bin Abdul Uzza. This man became a
Asad
Christian the Era Ignorance.He was a scribe,
Christian during the Era of Ignorance. He was a scribe,
wrote the Scripture Hebrew. He was an
who wrote the Scripture in Hebrew. He was an old man man
at the latter part his life. Khadeejah,
who became blind at the latter part of his life. Khadeejah,
became
with whom Allah is pleased, said to her cousin, "0
Allah is pleased, said to her cousin, "O
cousin, listen to what your nephew [i.e. Muhammad !to]
cousin, nephew [i.e. S)
about Waraqahsaid: have
is about to tell you!" Waraqah said: "What is it you have
seen, dear nephew?" The Messenger of Allah !to informed
seen,dear nephew?" The Messenger 6 informed
him of what he had seen in the Cave of Hira. Upon
he had seen the Cave Hira.
hearing his report, Waraqah said, "By Allah! This is the
hearing his report, Waraqahsaid, the
jibreel y4t
Angel Jibreel ~ who came to Prophet Musa ~. 1 wish
came to Prophet Musa *4i. I
I would be alive when your people will drive you out of
be alive people will
Makkah!" The Messenger of Allah ~ wondered: "Are
The Messenser Allah $t wondered:
t9
19

19. Muhammad, the Messenger Allah 6
Muhammad, the Messenger ofAllah.
of
they going to drive me out of Makkah?!" Waraqah
they going to drive me out of Makkah?!" Waraqah
positively saying, "Never has a tnan conveyed a
affirmed positively saying, "Never has a man conveyed a
Message similar to have been charged
Message similar to what you have been charged with,
except people waged againet - if am to
except that his people waged war against him - if I am to
will support Waraqah
witness this, I will support you." Waraqah lived only a a
short after this incident and passed away.
short period after this incident and passed away.
Revelation also stopped f3)
Revelation also stopped for a while.' (Bukhari #3)
a @ukhari
The chapter the Qur'an quoted
The chapter of the Qur'an quoted in the hadeeth above
the hadeeth above
marks the beginning when he was commissioned as a
marks the beginning when he was commissioned as a
Prophet. the Exalted,then revealed
Prophet. Allah, the Exalted, then revealed to him:
(O (Muhammad 6) enveloped gannents)
(0 you (Muhammad.) enveloped (in garments); Arise
And
and warn! And your Rubb (Allah) magnify !And your
Rabb magnify lAnd
garments purify!) tzl,r<)
garments purify!) (74:1-4)
This chapter the Qur'an marks the
This chapter of the Qur'an marks the beginning when he
he
was commissioned as a Messenger.
was commissioned as a Messenger.
revelation
With the revelation of this chapter of the Qur'an the Prophet
chapter Prophet
iiF began people openly.
• began calling his people to Islam openly. He began with his
began with
people. Some refused adamantly
own people. Some of them refused adamantly to listen to him
becausehe was
because he was calling them to a matter which they had not
a
witnessed before.
witnessed before.
The Deen of Islam is a complete way of life, which deals
The Deen complete deals
with religious, political, economical and social affairs.
with religious, economical social affairs.
Furthermore, the Deen of Islam did not only call them to
Furthermore, the Deen Islam
worship Allah alone, and to forsake all idols and things they
Allah alone, forsake
worshipped; rather, it prohibited them from things they
rather,
considered pleasurable, such as consuming interest and
considered pleasurable, such as consuming interest
intoxicants, fomication, and gambling. It also called people to
intoxicants, fornication, gambling. It also
be just and fair with one another, and to know that there was
with another,
no difference between them except through piety. How could
difference between except How
the Quraish [the noblest tribe amongst Arabs] stand to be
noblest amongst
20
20

20. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ..
Muhammad,theMessenger AUah&
treated equally with the slaves!! They did not only adamantly
treated with the slaves!!They adamantly
refuse accept Islam; rather,
refuse to accept Islam; rather, they harmed him and blamed
harmed and blamed
saying
him, saying that he was a crazy person, a sorcerer and a liar.
he was a crazy person, a sorcererand a liar.
They blamed
They blamed him with things they would not dare to have
with things they dare have
blamed him with before the advent of Islam. They incited the
blamed before the advent Islam. They the
ignorant masses against him, and harmed him and tortured
massesagainst and harmed and
his companions. Abdullah b. Masood, with whom Allah is
companions. b. Masood,
pleased, said:
pleased, said:
'While Prophet [F was
'While the Prophet" was standing up and praying near near
the Ka'bah, a group of Quraish were sitting in their
the Ka'bah, a group Quraish were
place, one them said: 'Do
sitting place, one of them said: 'Do you see this man?
see man?
Would someone bring filth
Would someone bring the dirt and filth and bloody bloody
intestines from the camels of so and so, and wait till he
camels so so, till he
prostrates,and then place between
prostrates, and then place it between his shoulders? The
shoulders?The
most wtetched amongst them volunteered
most wretched amongst them volunteered to do it, and and
the Prophet 6 prostrated,he
when the Prophet" prostrated, he put the filth between
the between
shoulders/ so the Prophet 6 stayed
his shoulders, so the Prophet .. stayed in prostration.
prostration.
They laughed so hard that they were about to fall on
They laughed so hard that they were about
each other. Someone went to Fatimah, with whom Allah
each other. Someone to Fatimah,
pleased, was a young
is pleased, who was a young girl, and informed her of
and her
what had happened. She hurriedly came towards the
had happened. She came towards the
Prophet .. and removed the filth from his back, and
Prophet 6 and removed the back, and
then she turned around and she cursed the Quraishites
she furned she cursed the
that sitting. (Bukhari 1498)
who were sitting in that sitting. (Bukhari #498)
were
'I saw the Messenger of Allah in the
Muneeb al-Azdi said: 'I saw the Messenger
Muneeb al-Azdi said: the
Era Ignorancesayingto people:
Era of Ignorance saying to people:
'Say there being worshipped except
'Say there is no god worthy of being worshipped except
god
Allah if you would be successful.' There were those who
if There were those
be successful.'
spat face,and those face,and
spat in his face, and those who threw soil in his face, and
those swore at midday. Whenever a
those who swore at him until midday. Whenever a
21
21

21. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.
Muhammad,theMessenger Allah &
of wate4
certain young girl came with a big container of water,
girl came with big
and he would wash his face and hands and say: '0
would face say: 'O
will humiliated
daughter do not fear that your father will be humiliated
or struck by poverty.' (Mu'jam
poverty: (Mu'jam al-Kabeer
al-Kabeer #805)
# 805)
Urwah b. az-Zubair said, 'I asked Abdullah b. Amr al-Aas
az-Zubair said, 'I asked Abdullah Amr al-Aas
to tell me of the worst thing the pagans did to the Prophet 6
the pagans Prophet.
and he said:
and he said:
'Uqbah
'Uqbah b. Mu'ait approached the Prophet. while he
Mu'ait approached Prophet e while
was praying Ka'bah, gannent
was praying near the Ka'bah, and he twisted his garment
around his neck. Abu Bakr, with whom Allah is pleased,
neck. with Allah pleased,
approached and grabbed Uqbah's shoulder
hurriedly approached and grabbed Uqbah's shoulder
'Do
and pushed him away saying: 'Do you kill a man kill a
him away saying:
because he proclaims Allah as his Rubb, and clear signs
because Allah as Rzbb, clear
have come to you from your Rubb?" ' (Bukhari 3643)
have come RubbT' (Bukhari 3643)
stop the Prophet i6
These incidents did not stop the Prophet • from giving
These incidents
Da'wah. He called the many tribes that came to Makkah for
Da'wah. called the many tribes that came
Islam. believed the people Yathrib
Hajj to Islam. A few believed from the people of Yathrib,
which is known today as Madinah, and they pledged to
is today as Madinah, and they pledged
he chose go with them
support him and help him if he chose to go with them to
and
Madinah. He sent with them Mus'ab b. Umair, with whom
Madinah. sent them Mus'ab b.
Allah is pleased, who taught them Islam. After all the
pleased, taught them Islam. the
hardships that the Muslims of Makkah faced from their own
hardships the faced
people, Allah allowed them to migrate from their city to
people, allowed them migrate
Madinah. The people Madinah greeted them and received
Madinah. The people of Madinah greeted them and received
them in a most extraordinary manner. Madinah became the
them a most extraordinary manner. became the
Capital of the Islamic state, and the point from which the
Capital the Islamic state, and the the
Da'wah was spread.
Da'wah was spread.
The Prophet • settled there and taught people Qur'anic
The Prophet iF settled there and taught people Qur'anic
recitation and Islamic Jurisprudence. The inhabitants of
recitation and Islamic Jurisprudence. The inhabitants
Madinah were greatly moved and touched by the Prophet's
Madinah were greatly moved and touched the Prophet's
22
22

22. Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah lj,
Muhammad, Messenger Allah 6
the
more
manners. They loved him more than they loved their own
manners. They loved
serve and spend
selves; they would rush to serve him, and spend all they had
selves; had
path. The society was strong and people were
in his path. The society was strong and its people were rich in
terms Iman (Faith) and they were extremely happy. People
terms of [man (Faith) and they were extremely happy. People
loved each other, and brotherhood was apparent
loved each other, and true brotherhood was apparent
amongstits people. peoplewere equal;the rich, noble and
amongst its people. All people were equal; the rich, noble and
and and -
poor, black and white, Arab and non-Arab - they were all
poor, were
considered as equals in the Deen of Allah, no distinction was
considered as equals the Deen was
made among them except
made among them except through piety. After the Quraish
piety. the
the Prophet'sDa'wah and that had spread, they
learnt of the Prophet's Da'wah and that it had spread, they
leamt
with the Prophet 6 the battle Islam, the
fought with the Prophet lj, in the first battle in Islam, the
Battle Badr. This battle took place between
Battle of Badr. This battle took place between two groupsgroups
were unequal preparations and weapons. The
which were unequal in preparations and weapons. The
Muslims were 314; whereas,the pagans were 1000 strong.
Muslims were 314; whereas, the pagans were 1000 strong.
gave the Prophet lfi and the Companions.
Allah gave victory to the Prophet lj, and the Companions.
battle, battles took place between the
After this battle, many battles took place between the
Muslims and the pagans. After eight years the Prophet ~ was
Muslims and the pagans.After eight yearsthe Prophet6 was
able prepare an army L0,000 strong.They headed towards
able to prepare an army 10,000 strong. They headed towards
Makkah and conquered it, and
Makkah and conquered it, and with this he defeated his
this he defeated his
people, had harmed and tortured his Companions
people, who had harmed him and tortured his Companions
every way. They had even been forced to leave their
in every way. They had even been forced to leave their
property and wealth behind and flee for their lives.
property and wealth behind and flee for their lives. He
decisivelydefeatedthem, and this year was called 'The Year
decisively defeated them, and this year was c